中小学英语课程标准英文版.docx

中小学英语课程标准英文版.docx

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中小学英语课程标准英文版

NewEnglishCurriculumforChinesePrimarySchoolsandJunior/SeniorMiddleSchools

ExperimentalVersiondraftedbytheEducationMinistryofthePRC

Part1:

Introduction

Withtheadventoftheinformationageandtheglobaleconomy,Englishhasbecomeincreasinglyimportant.Englishisthedominantcarrierofinformationandthemostwidelyspokenlanguageintheworld.ManycountrieshavemadeEnglishacornerstoneofqualityeducationwhendevelopingstrategiesforbasiceducation.

SinceChina’sreformandopening,thescaleofitsEnglisheducationhascontinuallygrown,attendedbysignificantachievementsinteachingandlearning.However,Englisheducationinitscurrentformisfailingtomeettheneedsofcontemporarysocialandeconomicdevelopment.

ThecurrentroundofreformstotheEnglishcurriculumaimtoendthefollowingpractices:

     Over-emphasizingthetransmissionandexplanationofknowledgeaboutgrammarandvocabulary

     Neglectingtodevelopstudents’abilitytouselanguageforreal

Intheirplace,thereformsaimtoestablishacurriculumthat:

    Developsstudents’comprehensivelanguagecompetence

     Motivatesstudents,isrelevanttotheirlifeexperiencesandcognitivelevel

     Promotestask-basedteachingmethods

    Involvesstudentsinexperiential,practical,participatoryandcooperativelearning

     Developsstudents’positiveattitudes,thinkingskills,practicalabilities,culturalawarenessandautonomythroughthelanguagelearningprocess

1.TheNatureoftheNewCurriculum

 ThenewEnglishcurriculumstrivestoaccomplishfarmorethanjusthelpstudentslearnEnglish.AtonelevellearningEnglishshouldinvolvehelpingstudentsto:

     Developacertainlevelofcomprehensivelanguagecompetenceandtheabilitytouselanguageforrealcommunication

    Mastercertainbasiclanguageknowledge

    Masterlistening,speaking,readingandwritingskills

However,atanotherlevelthecurriculumshouldalsoservestudents’all-rounddevelopment,providingthemwithopportunitiesto:

    StrengthentheirinterestinstudyingEnglish

    Growinself-discipline,perseveranceandself-confidence

     Improvetheircooperative,investigativeandthinkingabilities

    Developtheirmemory,imaginationandcreativity 

     Adoptgoodstudyhabitsandeffectivelearningstrategies

    Developasautonomousandlifelonglearners

     Buildmoralintegrityandahealthyoutlookonlife

     Establishbothnationalspiritandanawarenessofandrespectforculturaldifferences

    Broadentheirhorizonsandenrichtheirlifeexperience

     Takepartinculturallife

     Developasindividuals

 2.     BasicPrinciplesoftheNewCurriculum

2.1  Thecurriculumpromotesqualityeducation（asopposedtoexam-orientatededucation）andtheall-rounddevelopmentofthestudents

Topromotequalityeducationparticularattentionmustbepaidto:

     Valuingeachstudent’sfeelings

    Stimulatingstudents’interestinstudyingEnglish

    Helpingstudentsgainasenseofachievementandself-confidence

Thecurriculummustgobeyonddevelopingstudents’comprehensivelanguagecompetencetoincludeareassuchas:

     Improvingstudents’abilitytocontributetoculturalandsociallife

     Developingstudents’practicalabilities

    Fosteringstudents’creativity

2.2  Thecurriculumobjectivesareholisticandflexible.

ThefundamentalaimofthenewEnglishcurriculumistodevelopstudents’comprehensivelanguagecompetence.Thisaimisbrokendownintofivegeneralobjectives.Theseobjectivesarethendividedintonineabilitylevelswithdescriptorsprovidedforeachlevel.Thefivegeneralobjectivesare:

1.       LanguageSkills

2.       LanguageKnowledge

3.       AttitudestoLearning

4.       LearningStrategies

TheprincipleaimoftheNewCurriculumfortheteachingofEnglishistohelpthestudents'movefromcompetencetoperformance'（Chen,2002）[1].Whatdoesthismean?

Well,'competence'isaboutwhatthestudentsknowintheirminds,theirtheoreticalknowledge,inotherwords.'Performance'referstowhatitisthatthestudentscandowiththattheoreticalknowledge.'Performance'referstowhatispractical,useful,creativeandimaginative.Yourjobasateacheristofindwaystohelpthestudents'knowledgebecomeactive,practical,flexibleandresponsive,ratherthaninactive,theoretical,inflexibleandimitative.Studentsneedtolearnhowtheycancontroltheirownknowledge,useitdifferentlyindifferentsituations,andbeabletomaketheirowndecisionsabouthowtheylearn.Thisisabigchallengeforyouasateacher.

UndertheNewCurriculumEnglishwillbeseennotonlyasatoolforcommunication,butalsoforthinking,learningandsocialparticipation.Italsotakesintoaccountthestudents'feelingsaboutlearning,ratherthanjudgingthempurelyaslearningmachines.Thisisreflectedinthenine-levelattainment-targetsystem,whichyourteachershavecopiesof.Youshouldstudytheseattainment-targets,astheyfocusonachievementsandwhatstudentscando,ratherthanplacingimpossiblechallengesforteachersandstudents.

NewTeachingandLearningApproacheswiththeNewCurriculum:

UndertheNewCurriculum,therearenewteachingandlearningapproachesnecessary.Theseareabigchallenge,astheywillbe:

∙            Student-centred[2]asopposedtoteacher-centred

∙            Participatory-asopposedtopassive

∙            Experiential[3]asopposedtorote

∙            Flexibleasopposedtopre-determined

Theywillencourage:

∙            Deductiveandinductivereasoning;

∙            Criticalthinking

∙            Interpersonalskills

∙            Learninghowtolearn（learningskills）ratherthanjustcramming

∙            Co-operativelearning

∙            Use-value-inotherwords,theknowledgethestudentsgainwillbeexpectedtohelpthempractically,ratherthanremaintheoreticalknowledgethattheycan'tuse.

∙            Participation

∙            Negotiation

∙            Self-discovery

Evaluation:

TheNewCurriculumwillalsoencouragevariedformsofevaluation:

∙            Self-andpeer-evaluation;

∙            Summativeandformative;

∙            Judgementsonlanguageperformanceratherthanpassiveknowledge.Thissuggestsamuchgreateremphasisonspeakingaswellastheotherskillsoflistening,readingandwriting.Thephraseyou'regoingtoreadagainandagaininthisHandbook（seethetitlepage,forexample）is:

studentsmustmovefromcompetencetoperformance.

Whatchallengesarethereforfutureteachers?

Let'slookspecificallynowatthekindsofchallengesyouwillfaceinimplemetingtheNewCurriuclum.TheinitialchallengefornewteacherswillbetounderstandtheNewCurriculum,especiallythenewstandards.Youwillhavetoupdateyourviewsonlanguageandlanguageeducationandadoptnewapproachestolanguageteaching,includingthetask-basedteachingapproachanditspractice.

Youwillhavetoimproveyourownprofessionalcompetenceinlanguageproficiency,cross-culturalcompetence,pedagogicalcompetence,andtheadoptionofnewlearningstrategiesinyourmethods.Aswellasthatyouwillhavetochangetheteacher'srolefromthatofknowledge-distributortofacilitator,organiser,participantandadvisor,'usingthetextbookratherthanteachingthetextbook.'（SeePartFiveontipsforusingNewCurriculumtexts.）

Howcanpre-servicetrainingpreparestudentsforthechallenges?

YouandyourcolleagueswillneedtoincorporatetheintroductionoftheNewCurriculumintoyoursyllabusandcoursedesigns.Inaddition,youwillneedtoconvincethestudentsoftheneedforchangeandmakethembelievetheyCANdoit.

Theimplementationofthenewcurriculumneedscontributionsfrom,andco-operationamong,manygroupsofpeopleincluding:

teachers,teachertrainers,educationaladministrators,educationalresearchers,community,parentsandemployers.

What'snew?

Thenewrationale:

Theaimsoflearningaforeignlanguagearenottobelimitedtomasteryofknowledgeandskillsintheforeignlanguage.LikeotherschoolsubjectssuchasMaths,Music,ArtandPhysicalEducation,foreignlanguagesarepartoftheoveralldevelopmentofallstudents.Throughlearningaforeignlanguage,studentscanenrichtheirexperienceoflife,broadentheirworldvision,andenhancetheirthinkingskills.Languagelearningismosteffectivewhenstudents'interest,motivationanattitudesaretakenintoconsideration.Newlearningstrategiesshouldbeincorporatedintothelanguagecurriculum,sothatstudentscanbecomeautonomouslearners,whichisfundamentalforlifelonglearning.Evaluationshouldbesummativeandformativeanddesignedandadministeredtoencouragethelearnersratherthanfrustratethem.Itshouldbecarriedoutintermsofwhatstudentscandoratherthanwhattheycannotdo.

NewCurriculumTargets:

∙            Languageskills:

listening,speaking,readingandwriting（criticalthinkingskillsandinterpersonalskillsemphasisedforseniorhighschool）;

∙            Languageknowledge:

pronunciation,vocabulary,grammar,functionandtopics;

∙            Motivation,interest,confidence,co-operation,patriotismandworldvision;

∙            Learningstrategies:

cognitive,planning,communicativeandresourcingstrategies;

∙            Culturalawareness:

culturalknowledge,cross-culturalcompetence.

Newmethodsoftargetspecification:

Studentscan:

∙            understandandfollowinstructions;

∙            identifythechangeinmeaninginintonation;

∙            providepersonalinformationanddescr