西方文化练习2解析.docx

西方文化练习2解析.docx

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西方文化练习2解析

AGuidetoWesternCulture

Directions:

Readthefollowingunfinishedstatementsorquestionscarefully.Foreachunfinishedstatementorquestion,foursuggestedanswersmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D]aregiven.Choosetheonewhichbestcompletesthestatementoranswersthequestion.

******1******

1._________believedthatthehighestgoodinlifewaspleasure,freedomfrompainandemotionalupheaval.

A.SophistsB.Cynics

C.SkepticsD.Epicureans

2._________issaidtohavetoldthekingofSyracuse:

"Givemeaplacetostand,andIwillmovetheworld."

A.ArchimedesB.Aristotle

C.PlatoD.Euclid

3.IncreasinglytroubledbytheinroadsofnorthemtribessuchasGoths,theWestRomanEmpirefinallycollapsedin_________

A.395B.27

C.1453D.476

4.TheCityofGodwaswrittenby________,themostimportantofalltheleadersofChristianthought.

A.JesusB.Augustine

C.ThomasAquinasD.MartinLuther

5._________wasapainter,asculptor,anarchitect,amusician,anengineer,andascientist-----aRenaissancemaninthetruesenseoftheword.

A.MichelangeloB.Raphael

C.ShakespeareD.LeonardoDaVinci

6.In_______,Cervantessatirizedaverypopulartypeofliteratureatthetime,theromanceofchivalry.

A.DonQuixoteB.Hamlet

C.LeviathanD.TheLifeandSurprisingAdventuresofRobinsonCrusoe

7.Thebest-knownbookwrittenbyThomasMoreis________,whichdescribesanidealnon-Christianstatewhereeverybodylivesasimplelifeandsharesthegoodsincommon,possessesagoodknowledgeofLatin,fightsnowarandenjoysfullfreedominreligiousbelief.

A.ThePraiseoftheFollyB.AsYouLikeIt

C.DivineComedyD.Utopia

8.________,authorofPrince,isregardedas"fatherofpoliticalscience"intheWest.

A.MachiavelliB.Dante

C.BaconD.Locke

9.InTheRevolutionofHeavenlyOrbs,________putforwardhistheorythatthesun,nottheearth,isthecenteroftheuniverse.

A.KeplerB.Galileo

C.NewtonD.Copernicus

10.Duringthe_________century,themodernscientificmethodbegantotakeshape,whichemphasizedobservationandexperimentationbeforeformulatingafinalexplanationorgeneralization.

A.18thB.15th

C.16thD.17th

11._______said,"Knowledgeispower."

A..IsaacNewtonB.FrancisBacon

C.JohnLockeD.Marx

12.InFaust,_______drewonanimmensevarietyofculturalmaterial----theological,mythological,philosophical,political,economic,scientific,aesthetic,musical,andliterary.

A.GoetheB.Defoe

C.RousseauD.Byron

13.Whichofthefollowingisnotregardedasaromanticwriter?

A.WordsworthB.Shelley

C.PushkinD.Balzac

14.ThemostfrequentthemesofRomanticismincludeallofthefollowingexcept_________.

A.thepowerofreasonB.individualfreedom

C.spontaneityD.loveofnature

15."Ifwintercomes,canSpringbefarbehind?

"istheendinglineof"OdetotheWestWind"by________.

A.WordsworthB.Keats

C.PushkinD.Shelley

16.ThecomposerofSwanLakewas____,ageniusinsymphonicmusic.

A.TchaikovskyB.Chopin

C.BeethovenD.Mozart

17.ThenaturalistschoolfoundedbyZolainlate19thcenturyintended________.

A.toattacktheindustrialinjusticeandurbanevils

B.togivefullplaytotheimaginationofindividuals

C.toupholdtheclassicalvaluessuchasharmony,balance,proportionandretraint

D.todemonstratethelawofhumanconductbyascientificstudyof"asliceoflife"

18.WhichofthefollowingnovelswasnotwrittenbyTolstoy?

A.ResurrectionB.WarandPeace

C.CrimeandPunishmentD.AnnaKarenina

19.Inhispoems,WaltWhitmansangpraisesofallofthefollowingvalueexcept________.

A.democracyB.thedignityoftheindividual

C.theidyllicwayoflifeD.thebrotherhoodofman

20.Modernismwascharacterizedby________.

A.aconsciousrejectionofestablishedrules,traditionsandconventions

B.theexplorationoftheinnerlifeoftheindividualandthepsychopathologyofhumanrelations

C.itsintenseinterestinthebizarre,themysterious,theunpredictableandtheformless

D.alloftheabove.

******2******

1.Greekculturereachedahighpointofdevelopmentin_________.

A.1,200B.C.B.5thcenturyB.C.

C.4thcenturyB.C.D.146B.C.

2.ThemasterpieceofengineeringinRomanarchitectureis_________.

A.thePathenonB.theColossseum

C.She-wolfD.theIonicstyleoftemple

3.TheOldTestamentoftheBibleisabout_________.

A.GodB.thedoctrineofJesusChrist

C.theLawsofGodD.AandC

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

A.JesuswasborninGalilee.

B.Jesuswasborninasynagogue.

C.Jesuswasbornintoapoorcarpenter’sfamily.

D.Jesuswasbornintoamerchant’sfamily.

5.FeudalisminEuropewasmainlyasystemof_________.

A.militaryserviceB.landholding

C.governmentD.BandC

6.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueabouttheGothicstyleinarchitecture?

A.TheGothicstyleflourishedinthe18thcentury.

B.TheGothicstylestartedinFrance.

C.SculptureofGothicstylechurcheswerebasedonthenaturalforces.

D.Gothicstylechurchesweresolidbutsmall.

7.Renaissancemeanstherevivalofinterestin_________.

A.ancientGreekcultureB.ancientRomanculture

C.theBibleD.AandB

8.ThereasonsforthedeclineofrenaissanceinItalyare_________.

A.warsandclassconflicts

B.lossofsupremacyinworldtradeasaresultofthediscoveryofthenewworldandroutestoIndia

C.thetighteningofcontroloftheRomanCatholicChurchoverthought,speechandpublication

D.alloftheabove

9.Whichofthefollowingdiedaprisoner?

A.CopernicusB.Newton

C.KeplerD.Galileo

10.Thetheoryofthesocialcontractwasexpoundedby_________.

A.ThomasHobbesB.FrancisBacon

C.JohnLockeD.AandC

11.Ineconomicthought,theenlightenmentthinkersfavored_________.

A.governmentinterventionB.balanceddevelopment

C.thepolicyoflaissezfaireD.strictregulation

12.Theauthorof"TheSorrowsofYoungWerther"is_________.

A.GoetheB.Defoe

C.SchillerD.Kant

13.TheLakersreferto_________.

A.WordsworthandColeridgeB.ByronandShelly

C.WilliamBlakeandKeatsD.Noneoftheabove

14.ThelaterRomanticsinmusicreferto_________.

A.SchumanandChopinB.VerdiandWagner

C.BeethovenandMozartD.HaydnandBach

15.InCapital,Marx,afterlongandcarefulstudy,discoveredthat_________.

A.itismen’ssocialbeingthatdeterminestheirconsciousness

B.activityisbasic

C.socialismwouldberealizedthroughclassstruggle

D.surplusvalueisthesourceofthewealthofthecapitalistclass

16.TheessenceofDarwin’stheoryofevolutionis_________.

A.immutablefixityofspeciesB.naturalselection

C.artificialselectionD.noneoftheabove

17."TheCherryOrchard"waswrittenby_________.

A.DostoyevskyB.Gogol

C.CorkyD.Chekhov

18.WhichofthefollowingwasnotwrittenbyCharlesDickens?

A.DavidCopperfieldB.HardTimes

C.VanityFairD.OliverTwist

19.Theauthorof"SonsandLovers"is_________.

A.HenryJamesB.VirginiaWoolf

C.T.S.EliotD.D.H.Lawrence

20.OneofthechiefrepresentativesoftheTheatreoftheAbsurdis_________.

A.KinsleyAmisB.JohnOsborne

C.AllenGinsbergD.SamuelBeckett

******3******

1.Socrateswas_________.

A.theteacherofAristotleB.thestudentofPlato

C.theteacherofPlatoD.thestudentofAristotle

2.OneofthecontributionstheRomansmadetoEuropeanculturewas_________.

A.theRomanempireB.theslavesystem

C.theproductionofthegreatepicwriterD.theRomanlaw

3.TheBookofDanieldescribes_________.

A.thestruggleoftheJewsagainsttheSyrianruleB.theprisonersinBabylon

C.thestoryofNoah’sArkD.theruleofKingSolomon

4.TheOldTestamentwasoriginallywrittenin_________.

A.HebrewB.Aramaicdialect

C.GreekD.Latin

5.WhichofthefollowingisnotincludedintheCodeofChivalry?

A.Loyaltytohislord.

B.Fightingforthechurch.

C.Protectionofthepeople.

D.Respectforwomenofnoblebirth.

6.ThegoaloftheCrusadeswas_________.

A.tore-controlJerusalemB.toopenpathtoByzantine

C.toregaintheHolyland---PalestineD.toopentraderoutetotheeast

7.TheessenceofRenaissancephilosophywas_________.

A.theemphasisonthegreatnessofman

B.theglorificationofGod

C.theemphasisonthegivingupofworldlypleasure

D.theimportanceofwealth

8.LeonardodaVinci,inhislifetime,putdownhisobservationinnotebooksrunningupto_________volumes.

A.1,000B.5,000

C.3,000D.4,000

9."Knowledgeispower"isoneofthequotationsfrom_________.

A.JohnLockeB.FrancisBacon

C.IsaacNewtonD.GotffriedWilhelmyonLeibniz

10.ThemostimportantpointinDescartes’philosophyis_________.

A.IthinkthereforeIamB.IusemysensesthereforeIam

C.IdoubtthereforeIamD.Noneoftheabove

11.ThemostimportantforerunnersoftheEnlightenmentwere_________.

A.VoltaireandRousseauB.DiderotandMontesquieu

C.JohnLockeandIsaacNewtonD.Noneoftheabove

12.WhichofthefollowingremarkswasmadebyRousseau?

A.Weholdthesetruthstobeself-evident,thatallmenarecreatedequal.　

　　　　（TheDeclarationofIndependence　美国的《独立宣言》）

B.Thethirstafterhappinessisneverextinguishedintheheartofman.（Rousseau　卢梭）

C.Lovetruth,butpardonerror.（Voltaire　伏尔泰）

D.Libertyconsistsinthefreedomtodoeverythingwhichinjuresnooneelse.（DeclarationoftheRightsofManandoftheCitizen（1789）　法国的《人权宣言》）

13.RomanticismwasamovementinEurope_________.

A.inthelate19thcenturyandearly20thcentur