心理学导论transcript09.docx

心理学导论transcript09.docx

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心理学导论心理学导论transcript09IntroductiontoPsychology:

Lecture9TranscriptFebruary14,2007backProfessorPaulBloom:

ImdelightedtointroducethefirstguestlecturerforthisIntroductiontoPsychologycourse,DeanPeterSalovey.Peterisanoldfriendandcolleague.Manyofyou-IthinkeverybodyhereknowsofhimthroughhisroleasDeanofYaleCollege.Illjust,inthiscontextofthisintroduction,mentiontwootherthingsabouthim.Oneispriortobeingdeanandinfact,stillasadean,hesanactivescientistandinparticular,asocialpsychologistactivelyinvolvedinstudyinghealthpsychology,theproperuseofpsychologicalmethodstoframehealthmessages,andalsoisthefounderanddeveloperoftheideaofemotionalintelligence,anideahesdoneahugeamountofresearchon.Secondly,Peterisorwasanactiveandextremelywell-knownteacheratYaleCollege.Hetaughtatonepoint,thelargestcourseeverinYaleCollege“acourseonPsychologyinLawwhichbrokeeveryrecordeverhadhere.Andbeforethat,duringthat,andafterthat,hewasalegendaryIntroductiontoPsychologyteacher.AndIthink-andhehadsomereasonforwhyhewassolegendarywithhislecturetodayonthetopicoflove.applauseDeanPeterSalovey:

Thanksverymuch.Okay.Thankyouverymuch,ProfessorBloom.ItreallyisapleasuretocomeandlecturetoyoutodayonValentinesDayonthetopicoflove.Mymainareaofresearchishumanemotion.Andloveisanemotion.ItsnotonethatIstudypersonally,atleastnotinthelab,and-butitisfuntotalkabout.Anditisatopicthatlendsitselftomanysocialpsychologicalphenomena.Itsalsogreattobeabletocomeinandguestlecture.OneofthethingsIverymuchmisssinceservingasdeanistheopportunitytoteachPsychology110.AndalthoughIlovebeingdean,IdomissteachingIntroductoryPsychology,thefeelingofexposingpeopletoideasthatmaybeyouhadntheardbefore.Well,Isuspectsomeoftheideasinthistalkyoullhavenotheardbeforeandforavarietyofreasons.AcoupleofthethingsyoullnoticeisthatsomeoftheexperimentsIlltalkabouttodayarenotthekindsofexperimentsthatcanbedoneanymore.Theyrenotconsideredethicallyacceptablebuttheyweredoneinthe50sand60sandearly70swhenethicalstandardsweredifferentandsowecanteachthem.Wejustcantgiveyouthesameexperiencesthatsomeofthecollegestudentsthatwelltalkabouttodayinthesestudieshad.TheotherthingIwillmentionisthatthereisacertainandrocentricandheterosexualqualitytomuchofthesocialpsychologicalresearchonromanticlove.Youllseethatintheexperiments.Usually,theparticipantsaremenandusuallythetargetsarewomenintheseexperiments.Imnotendorsingthisastheonlywaytostudylove.ItjusthappenstobethewaytheseexperimentsweredoneandsoImentionthiscautionrightfromthebeginning.Wellhavetothinkabout-Oneofthethingsyoushouldthinkaboutisdoyouthinktheseexperimentsgeneralizedtootherkindsofdyadicrelationships.AndthatsaquestionthatIthinkyoucanaskthroughoutthislecture.Okay.Soletsgetstarted.AndtostartthingsoffIthinkwhatweneedtodoisconsideradefinition.ImgoingtodefinewhatloveisbutthenmostoftheexperimentsImgoingtotalkaboutarereallyfocusedmoreonattractionthanlove-whofindseachotherofromanticinterestthatmightthendevelopintoaloverelationship.Butletsstartwithadefinitionoflove.AndImgoingtopickadefinitionfromaformercolleague,RobertSternberg,whoisnowthedeanatTuftsUniversitybutwashereonourfacultyatYalefornearlythirtyyearsorso.Andhehasatheoryoflovethatarguesthatitsmadeupofthreecomponents:

intimacy,passion,andcommitment,orwhatissometimescalleddecisioncommitment.Andthesearerelativelystraightforward.Hearguedthatyoudonthaveloveifyoudonthaveallthreeoftheseelements.Intimacyisthefeelingofcloseness,ofconnectednesswithsomeone,ofbonding.Operationally,youcouldthinkofintimacyasyousharesecrets,youshareinformationwiththispersonthatyoudontsharewithanybodyelse.Okay.Thatsreallywhatintimacyis,thebondthatcomesfromsharinginformationthatisntsharedwithother-withmanyotherpeople.Secondelementispassion.Passioniswhatyouthinkitis.Passionisthe-wewouldsaythedrivethatleadstoromance.Youcanthinkofitasphysicalattractionorsex.AndSternbergarguesthatthisisarequiredcomponentofaloverelationship.Itisnot,however,arequiredcomponentoftakingashowerinCalhounCollege.aYaledormitorylaughterThethirdelementofloveinSternbergstheoryiswhathecallsdecisionorcommitment,thedecisionthatoneisinaloverelationship,thewillingnesstolabelitassuch,andacommitmenttomaintainthatrelationshipatleastforsomeperiodoftime.Sternbergwouldargueitsnotloveifyoudontcallitloveandifyoudonthavesomedesiretomaintaintherelationship.Soifyouhaveallthreeofthese,intimacy,passionandcommitment,inSternbergstheoryyouhavelove.Nowwhatsinterestingaboutthetheoryiswhatdoyouhaveifyouonlyhaveoneoutofthreeortwooutofthree?

Whatdoyouhaveandhowisitdifferentifyouhaveadifferenttwooutofthree?

Theseare-Whatsinterestingaboutthiskindoftheorizingisitgive-itgivesrisetomanydifferentpermutationsthatwhenyoubreakthemdownandstarttolookatthemcarefullycanbequiteinteresting.SowhatIvedoneisIvetakenSternbergsthreeelementsoflove,intimacy,passionandcommitment,andIvelistedoutthedifferentkindsofrelationshipsonewouldhaveifyouhadzero,one,twoorthreeoutofthethreeelements.AndImusingnamesortypesthatSternbergusesinhistheory.Thesearereallyfromhim.Someoftheseareprettyobvious.Ifyoudonthaveintimacy,ifyoudonthavepassion,ifyoudonthavecommitment,youdonthavelove.Sternbergcallsthisnon-love.Thatsthetechnicalterm.Andlaughsessentiallywhathessayingistherelationshipyounowhavetothepersonsittingnexttoyou,presumingthatyouresittingnexttoarandompersonthatyoudidntknowfromyourcollege,isprobablynon-love.Ifitssomethingelse,wecouldtalkaboutitattheendofthelectureorperhapswhenIgettoitinamoment.Nowletsstarttoaddelements.Letsaddintimacy.Thisissharingsecrets,afeelingofcloseness,connectedness,bonding.Letssaywehavethatwithsomeonebutwedonthavepassion,thatis,nosexualarousal,andnocommitmenttomaintaintherelationship.Thisisliking.Sternbergcallsitliking.Andlikingisreallywhatishappeninginmosttypicalfriendships,notyourclosestfriendshipbutfriendshipsofacasualkind.Youfeelclose,yousharecertaininformationwiththatpersonthatyoudontsharewithother-manyotherpeople,butyourenotphysicallyattractedandtheresnoparticularcommitmenttomaintainingthisforalongperiodoftime.Now,whatifyourenotintimate,yourenotcommitted,butyourepassionate;youfeelthatsexualarousal.ThisiswhatSternbergwouldcallinfatuation.Andthattermprobablyworksforyoutoo,infatuatedlove,andthisisloveatfirstsight.Idontknowyou,weveneversharedanysecretsbecauseIdontknowyou,Imnotcommittedtodefiningthisasanything,Imnotcommittedtothefuture.Infact,Imnotthinkingaboutthefuture.Imthinkingaboutrightnowbutboy,amIattracted.Right.ThatsinfatuationandthatswhatSternbergmeansbyinfatuatedlove.Thethirdkindofone-elementrelationshipistheresnointimacy,right,nobonding,nocloseness,nosecrets,nophysicalattraction,nosexualarousal,butbygosh,wearegoingtomaintainthisrelationship,wearecommittedtoitforalltime.Sternbergcallsthatemptylove.Emptyloveiskindofinteresting.Itsoftenthefinalstageoflong-termrelationshipsthathavegonebad.Wedontshareinformationwitheachotheranymoresotheresnointimacy.Wedontfeelphysicallyattractedtoeachotheranymore,theresnopassion,butwedbetterstaytogetherforthekids,right?

Orwevegottostaytogetherforappearancessakeorwedbetterstaytogetherbecausefinanciallyitwouldbeadisasterifwedontorallofthereasonsotherthanintimacyandpassionthatpeoplemightcommittoeachother.ThatswhatSternbergcallsemptylove.Nowwhatsinterestingisinsocietieswheremarriagesarearrangedthisisoftenthefirststageofaloverelationship.Thesetwopeoplewhohavemaybeneverseeneachotherbefore,whohaveneversharedsecretssotheresnointimacy,whohavenever-dontknowiftheyrephysicallyattractedtoeachotherorontheirweddingdayrevealedtoeachotherandcommittedlegallyandsometimesreligiouslytoeachother.Right?

Thecommitmentistherebutatthatmomentnothingelsemightbethere.Whatsinterestingofcourseisthatsuchrelationshipsdontseemtohaveanygreaterchanceofendingindivorcethanpeoplewhomarryforlove.Buttheresabigconfound,theresabigprobleminstudiesofthosekindofrelationships.Whatmightitbe?

Anybody.WhatmightbetheprobleminthestatementIjustmadethatthesekindofrelationshipsarejustaslikelytosurviveaspeoplewhomarryforlove?

Yes.Student:

inaudibleDeanPeterSalovey:

Yeah.Sotheymayoccur;theyremorelikelytooccurinsocietiesthatfrownondivorce.Theymakeitverycostly,sociallycostly,todivorce,sothentheystaytogetherforallkindsofreasons,notalwayssuchgoodones.Allright.NowwhowasitwhosangthesongTwoOutofThreeAintBad?

WasthatMeatLoaf?

Whowasit?

ItwasMeatLoaf.Allright.ProfessorBloomsaysitwasMeatLoaf.ItwasMeatLoaf.Youreallsaying,therewasasingercalledMeatLoaf?

MeatLoafsangthesongTwoOutofThreeAintBad.Letsseeiftwooutofthreeaintbad.Whatifyouhaveintimacy,wesharesecrets,passion,wefeelphysicallyattractedtoeachotherbutwerenotmakinganycommitmentshere.Sternberg