英语高三英语阅读理解解题技巧和训练方法及练习题含答案.docx

英语高三英语阅读理解解题技巧和训练方法及练习题含答案.docx

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英语高三英语阅读理解解题技巧和训练方法及练习题含答案

（英语）高三英语阅读理解解题技巧和训练方法及练习题（含答案）

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   Japanhasmadealotofnoiseinrecentyearsaboutremovingthetraditionalviewthatwomenshouldstayathomewhilemengoouttowork.Soitwasshockingwhen,onAugust7th,TokyoMedicalUniversity（TMU）,adistinguishedmedicalschool,admittedmarkingdownthetestscoresoffemaleapplicantstokeeptheratioofwomenineachclassbelow30%.

   Theirdefencewasthatwomenaremorelikelytodropouttomarryandhavechildren.TojudgefemaleapplicantstomedicalschoolpurelyontheiracademicperformancewouldleaveJapanwithashortageofdoctors,theysaid.Theadmissionhascausedoutrage.

   "Doctoringhaslongbeenamalefield.Butitisnottheonlyone.Discriminationiscommoninbanksandtradingfirms,wherestamina（耐力）andloyalty,qualitiessomehowassociatedwithmen,areprized,"saysMariMiura,apoliticalscientistatSophiaUniversity.Allthisembarrassesagovernmentthathaspromisedtomakewomen"shine".Thepolicyseemsbasedontheneedformoreworkersratherthanongenuineconcernforwomen.

   ShinzoAbe,theprimeminister,sayshewantstobringmillionsmorewomenintotheworkforcetomakeupforalabourshortfallcausedbyitsageinganddecliningpopulation.Inthefieldofpolitics,therecordunderMr.Abe'spremiership（首相任期）isdisappointing.Justtwomembersofhis20-strongcabinetarewomen,includingSeikoNoda,inchargeofwomen'srights.Ms.Noda,whomakeslittlesecretofherambitiontobeatMr.Abeinaleadershipcontestnextmonth,hasjustpublishedabookcalled"GrabtheFuture",herpublicdeclarationforpullingJapanintolinewith"globalstandards".Shehasalmostnochanceofwinning.

（1）Accordingtothepassage,whathasarousedthepublic'sshockandrageinJapan?

A. Womenbeingmorelikelytodropoutofschooltomarryandhavechildren.         

B. TMUjudgingfemaleapplicantstomedicalschoolmerelyontheirtestscore.

C. TMUputtingalowergradeonfemaleapplicantstokeepalowpercentageofwomenineachclass.         

D. Japantendingtoabandonthetraditionalviewthatwomenshouldstayathomewhilemengoouttowork.

（2）WhatdoweknowaboutSeikoNoda?

A. Sheisquitelikelytowintheleadershipcontest.         

B. Sheneverfailstoshowherambitioninpublic.

C. SheistheonlyfemalememberinAbe'scabinet.         

D. Hernewlyreleasedbook"GrabtheFuture"isabithit.

（3）Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?

A. DoctoringhaslongbeenamalefieldinJapan.         

B. Professionslikebankingandtradingaretailoredtomen.

C. ShinzoAbeperformedpoorlyindealingwithlabourshortfall.         

D. DiscriminationagainstwomenincareersinJapanisabigconcern.

【答案】

（1）C

（2）B

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了最近的日本尤其是医药大学对女性性别的歧视，使社会一片哗然，这一性别歧视现象让日本政府陷入窘境。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“Soitwasshockingwhen,onAugust7th,TokyoMedicalUniversity（TMU）,adistinguishedmedicalschool,admittedmarkingdownthetestscoresoffemaleapplicantstokeeptheratioofwomenineachclassbelow30%.”在8月7日，当声望卓著的医学院——东京医科大学承认压低了女性申请者的考试分数，以将每个班级中女生的比例维持在30%以下时，社会一片哗然。

故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“Ms.Noda,whomakeslittlesecretofherambitiontobeatMr.Abeinaleadershipcontestnextmonth,hasjustpublishedabookcalled‘GrabtheFuture’,herpublicdeclarationforpullingJapanintolinewith‘globalstandards’”可知，野田毫不掩饰她在下个月的竞选中击败安倍的野心。

她刚刚还出版了一本名为《抓住未来》的书，根据她的言行可知，她在公众场合表达自己的雄心，故选B。

（3）考查主旨大意。

通读全文可知，本文主要叙述了最近日本尤其是医药大学对女性性别的歧视，使社会一片哗然，这一性别歧视现象让日本政府陷入窘境，出现了很大的问题。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇社会类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   BluePlanetII'slatestepisode（情节）focusesonhowplasticishavingadestructiveeffectontheoceanandslowlypoisoningourseacreatures.ResearchersrecentlyalsofoundthatseacreatureslivinginthedeepestplaceonEarth,theMarianaTrench,haveplasticintheirstomachs.Indeed,oceansaredrowninginplastic.

   Thoughitseemsthattheworldcouldn'tpossiblyfunctionwithoutplastics,plasticsarearemarkablyrecentinvention.Thefirstplasticbagswereintroducedinthe1950s,thesamedecadethatplasticpackagingbegangainingpopularityintheUnitedStates.Thisgrowthhashappenedsofastthatscienceisstillcatchingupwiththechange.Plasticspollutionresearch,forinstance,isstillaveryearlyscience.

   Weputalltheseplasticsintotheenvironment,butwestilldon'treallyknowwhattheoutcomesaregoingtobe.Whatwedoknow,though,isdisturbing.Oceanplasticisestimatedtokillmillionsofmarineanimalseveryyear.Nearly700species,includingendangeredones,areknowntohavebeenaffectedbyit.Oneinthreeleatherbackturtles,whichoftenmistakeplasticbagsforjellyfish,havebeenfoundwithplasticintheirbellies.Ninetypercentofseabirdsarenoweatingplasticsonaregularbasis.By2050,thatfigureisexpectedtoriseto100percent.

   Andit'snotjustwildlifethatisthreatenedbytheplasticsinourseas.Humansareconsumingplasticsthroughtheseafoodweeat.Icouldunderstandwhysomepeopleseeoceanplasticasadisaster,worthmentioninginthesamebreathasclimatechange.Butoceanplasticisnotascomplicatedasclimatechange.Therearenooceantrashdeniers（否认者）,atleastsofar.Todosomethingaboutit,wedon'thavetoremakeourplanetenergysystem.

   Thisisnotaproblemwherewedon'tknowwhatthesolutionis.Weknowhowtopickupgarbage.Anyonecandoit.Weknowhowtodealwithit.Weknowhowtorecycle.Wecanallstartbythinkingtwicebeforeweusesingle-useplasticproducts.Thingsthatmayseemordinary,likeusingareusablebottleorareusablebag-whentakencollectively,thesechoicesreallydomakeadifference.

（1）Whyisplasticspollutionresearchstillaveryearlyscience?

A.Theplasticspollutionresearchistoodifficult.

B.Plasticshaveproducedlesspollutionthancoal.

C.Plasticshavegainedpopularitytoofastforsciencetocatchup.

D.Theworldcouldn'tpossiblyfunctionwithoutplastics.

（2）HowdidtheauthorsupporthisopinioninParagraph3?

A.Bycitingquotesfromleadingexperts.

B.Bymakingacomparisonandcontrast.

C.Bylistingexamplesfromhisownexperience.

D.Bypresentingsolidstatistics.

（3）Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinthelastparagraph?

A.Wereapwhatwesow.

B.Theshortestanswerisdoing.

C.Allthingsaredifficultbeforetheyareeasy.

D.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.

（4）Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Theoceansbecomechokedwithplastic.

B.Oceanplasticisaglobalissue.

C.BluePlanetIIhasleftviewersheartbroken.

D.Plasticsgaininpopularityallovertheworld.

【答案】

（1）C

（2）D

（3）B

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究人员最近还发现，生活在地球最深处马里亚纳海沟的海洋生物胃里有塑料。

事实上，海洋正淹没在塑料之中。

据估计，海洋塑料每年杀死数百万海洋动物，不仅仅是野生动物受到海洋塑料的威胁，人类也会通过食用海鲜来消耗塑料。

作者认为最好的办法就是人类开始采取行动。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Thisgrowthhashappenedsofastthatscienceisstillcatchingupwiththechange.Plasticspollutionresearch,forinstance,isstillaveryearlyscience.”这种增长速度如此之快，以至于科学仍在追赶这种变化。

例如，塑料污染研究仍然是一门非常早期的科学，可知，塑料污染研究仍然是一门非常早期的科学是因为塑料的普及速度太快，以至于科学无法跟上。

故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“Oneinthreeleatherbackturtles,whichoftenmistakeplasticbagsforjellyfish,havebeenfoundwithplasticintheirbellies.Ninetypercentofseabirdsarenoweatingplasticsonaregularbasis.By2050,thatfigureisexpectedtoriseto100percent.”人们发现，三分之一的棱皮龟的腹部都有塑料制品，而它们经常把塑料袋误认为是水母。

现在，90%的海鸟定期食用塑料制品。

到2050年，这一数字预计将升至100%，可知，作者在第三段是通过提供可靠的统计数据来支持自己观点的。

故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“Wecanallstartbythinkingtwicebeforeweusesingle-useplasticproducts.Thingsthatmayseemordinary,likeusingareusablebottleorareusablebag-whentakencollectively,thesechoicesreallydomakeadifference.”在使用一次性塑料产品之前，我们都可以三思而后行。

一些看起来很普通的东西，比如使用可重复使用的瓶子或袋子——如果把它们放在一起，这些选择确实会有所不同，可知，作者在最后一段想告诉我们对于塑料污染最简短的回答就是采取行动。

故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据第一段中的“ResearchersrecentlyalsofoundthatseacreatureslivinginthedeepestplaceonEarth,theMarianaTrench,haveplasticintheirstomachs.Indeed,oceansaredrowninginplastic.”研究人员最近还发现，生活在地球最深处马里亚纳海沟的海洋生物胃里有塑料。

事实上，海洋正淹没在塑料之中）结合文章主要内容为说明海洋被大量的塑料充斥着，影响了海洋生物和人类，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   Bambooisoneoftheworld'smostusefulplants.Forthousandsofyears,bamboohasbeenusedinmanydifferentways-fromfoodtomedicinetoclothingand,insmallways,asabuildingmaterial.

   However,bambooisnotoftenusedasabuildingmaterialinthedevelopedworld.AprofessorattheUniversityofPittsburghinPennsylvaniaistryingtochangethat.Theprofessorandhisstudentsaretestingthestrengthofbamboo.Theyaretestinghowmuchpressureorweightitcantakebeforebreaking.

   KentHarriesisaprofessorattheUniversityofPittsburgh.Harriessaysthattestingmethodsforbambooneedtobethesameforall.Theyneedtobestandardized.Standardizingtestmethodsforbamboowillhelptobringtheplantintocommonuse.Itwillalsogiveengineersandbuildersaroundtheworldadependablestandard.

   Harriessaysthatbambooisstronginnature.Thestrengthofatleastthreespeciesofbambooissimilartosteel.Besidesitsstrength,bamboohasotherfeaturesthatmakeitveryusefulinbuilding.Hesaysitisresilient（有弹力的）,meaningitkeepsitsshapeandstrengthevenunderpressure.

   Bambooalsogrowsquickly.Bamboothatissuitableforconstructionneedsmuchlessresourcesthanwood.Theharvestcycleofbambooisabout3years.Softwoodssuchascedar,pineandsprucehaveaharvestcycleofabout10years.Andhardwoodsthatcomefromfloweringplantssuchasoakandwalnutneedmorethan30years.

   Bambooiswidelyusedasfoodforpandabears.Itisalsou