全国通用版高考英语三轮冲刺提分练组合练第3练阅读理解+七选五.docx

全国通用版高考英语三轮冲刺提分练组合练第3练阅读理解+七选五.docx

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全国通用版高考英语三轮冲刺提分练组合练第3练阅读理解+七选五

阅读理解+七选五

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

（2018·陕西西安地区八校联考）

Babbage，borninLondonin1791，wasagreatmathematicalgenius.Hewasanaturalinventor.

Whenhefinishedschool，hewenttostudymathematicsatCambridgeUniversity.Later，hegotajobteachingattheuniversity.Whileworkingthere，hedesignedhis“firstdifferenceengine”．Thiswas，basically，ahandoperatedmechanicalcalculator.

Hetooknineyearstobuildapartofthemachine.Thismachinecanmakecomplexmathematicalcalculations.It’sabasicmechanicalcomputer.

Babbagedreamed，however，ofmorecomplicatedmachines.Infact，hedidn’tonlydream;hebegantodesignthem.Theresultwasaseriesof“analyticalengines”whichwereinfactpowerfulcomputers!

Hisdesignscontainedprocessors，controlunits，amemoryandaninput/outputsystem.Thesearethefouressentialpartsofamodernmathematicalcomputer!

Alas!

His“seconddifferenceengine”couldn’tuseelectricitysincethishadn’tyetbecomeausablesourceofpower，soBabbagehadtomakedowithmechanicalsystems.Forthisreason，themachinewasbig，complicatedandexpensive.ThoughBabbageproducedcompleteplansforthemachine，hecouldn’tbuildit.Itwastooadvancedforitsage!

Itwasnotuntilalmost160yearslaterthatBabbage’s“seconddifferenceengine”wasfinallymanufactured.ThefirstworkingversionofthismachinewasbuiltbytheScienceMuseuminLondon，fortheBabbagebicentenaryin1991.AsecondmachinewasthenbuiltforanAmericanhightechmillionaire，whoputitintheComputerHistoryMuseum，inCalifornia.

Babbage’sanalyticalengineswouldhaveused“programs”likethoseusedinthetextile（纺织）industrytomakecomplicatedpatterns，buttheywereneverbuilt.Thisbrilliantmathematicianreallywastoofaraheadofhistime!

1．WheredidBabbageplanhis“firstdifferenceengine”？

A．InLondon.B．Athighschool.

C．AtCambridge.D．InScienceMuseum.

2．Whatdoweknowabouthis“seconddifferenceengine”？

A．Ittookhimnineyearstobuildit.

B．Itwasfaraheadofitstime.

C．Itsdesigncameoutinhisdreams.

D．Itspowersourcewaselectricity.

3．The“seconddifferenceengine”wasbuilttoworkin1991.

A．foranAmericanmillionaire

B．inmemoryofBabbage

C．totestitsabilitytouseelectricity

D．fortextileindustrytomakepatterns

4．Whatcanweinferfromthetext?

A．Babbage’senginesdidn’trunonprograms.

B．Textilepatternsareproducedwithprograms.

C．Babbagecanbeseenasthefatherofcomputers.

D．Babbage’sanalyticalengineswereneverbuilt.

B

Withgoldensunshineandagentlebreeze，autumnisthemostbeautifulseasonintheyear.Thisisagreattimetogooutsideandhavefun.Gotoavalleytoseeredmapletrees，goandpickfruitinanorchardorfindanopenfieldtoflyyourkitein.

However，formanyhighschoolstudents，thesegreatactivitiesmaybejustadream.Withplentyofworktodo，theyspendalltheirhoursindoors，strugglingforahighmarkintheirexams.Ofcourse，studyisoneofthemostimportantthingsforteenagers.Butlifeisdefinitelymuchmorethanthat.

Sometimeswespendsomuchtimestudyingthatweforgethowtomakelifewonderful.Indoingso，welosetherealpurposeoflife—tobeavaluableandhappyperson.Toenjoyjusthowgreatitistobealive，wehavetoputdownourbooksandpensandlookaroundus.Students，takesomeexercisetoimproveyourhealth，talkwithyourparentsandfriendsforunderstandingandwalkaroundoutsidetorefreshyourbodyandmind.

Goingoutandenjoyingthebeautifulcountrysideoftenhelpsourcreativityinourwork.Chinesecraftsman，LuBan，createdasawtohelpwoodworkers.Butifhehadn’twalkedoutside，hewouldnothavebeeninspiredbyakindoftoothedgrass.WecouldalsosupposethatifNewtonhadn’trestedunderthatappletree，thenhewouldn’thavebeenhitbyanapple，andhisclassictheorieswouldnothavecomeout.

Goingoutisnotonlyabreakfromhardwork，butachancetoaddtolifeexperience.Socomeon，giveyourbrainagoodrest.Stepoutofthebooksandgetyourbagreadyforanautumnouting.Wearesureyouwillgetmuchmorethanknowledgefromtheexcitingjourney.

5．Inwhichparagraphdoesthewritermakeasummaryabouthisopinion?

A．Paragraph1.B．Paragraph2.

C．Paragraph5.D．Paragraph4.

6．Whyisgoingoutadreamformanyhighschoolstudents?

A．Theyareunhappytodoso.

B．Theirparentsdon’tallowthemtodoso.

C．Theythinkstudyisthemostimportantthingforthem.

D．Theyhavetoomuchworktodoforgettinghighmarksintheexams.

7．Thepassageisdevelopedmainlyby.

A．makingpredictions

B．reasoningandgivingexamples

C．describingthebeautifulsceneryinautumn

D．pointingoutthepresentsituationofhighschoolstudents

8．Whatmessagecanyougetfromthepassage?

A．Natureispower.

B．AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.

C．Theauthorisn’thappywithoureducationatall.

D．Goingoutcanmakehighschoolstudentsgetmore.

C

WhileJenniferwasathometakinganonlineexamforherbusinesslawclass，amonitorafewhundredmilesawaywaswatchinghereverymove.

UsingawebcameraequippedinJennifer’sLosAngelesapartment，themonitorinPhoenixtrackedhowfrequentlyhereyesmovedfromthecomputerscreenandlistenedforthesecretsoundsofapossiblehelperintheroom.HerInternetaccesswaslocked—remotely—topreventInternetsearches，andhertypingstylewasanalyzedtomakesureshewaswhoshesaidshewas：

Didsheenterherstudentnumberatthesamespeedasshehadinthepast？

Orwassheslowingdown?

Inthebattleagainstcheating，thisisthecuttingedgeandakeytoencouragehonestyintheboomingfieldofonlineeducation.Thetechnologygivestrusttotheentiresystem，totheinstitutionandtoonlineeducationingeneral.Onlywithsolidmeasuresagainstcheating，expertssay，canInternetuniversitiesshowthattheirexamsanddiplomasarevalid—thatstudentshaven’tjustsearchedtheInternettogettherightanswers.

Althoughonlineclasseshaveexistedformorethanadecade，theconcernovercheatinghasbecomesharperinthelastyearwiththegrowthof“openonlinecourses.”Privatecolleges，publicuniversitiesandcorporationsarejumpingintotheonlineeducationfield.Spendingmillionsofdollarstoattractpotentialstudents，whilealsotakingstepstohelpguaranteehonestyatadistance.

Asidefromthewebcameras，anumberofotherhightechmethodsarebecomingincreasinglypopular.Amongthemareprogramsthatcheckstudents’identitiesusingpersonalinformation，suchasthetelephonenumberstheyonceused.

Otherprogramscanproduceuniqueexamsbydrawingonalargelistofquestionsandcanrecognizepossiblecheatersbyanalyzingwhetherdifficulttestquestionsareansweredatthesamespeedaseasyones.Asinmanyuniversityclasses，termpapersarescannedagainstsomelargeInternetdatabanksforcheating.

9．WhywasJenniferwatchedinanonlineexam?

A．Tocorrecthertypingmistakes.

B．Tofindhersecretsintheroom.

C．Topreventherfromslowingdown.

D．Tokeepherfromdishonestbehaviors.

10．Theunderlinedexpression“cuttingedge”inParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto.

A．advancedtechniqueB．sharpeningtool

C．effectiveruleD．dividingline

11．Someprogramscanfindoutpossiblecheatersby.

A．producingalargenumberofquestions

B．scanningtheInternettestquestions

C．checkingthequestionansweringspeed

D．givingdifficulttestquestions

12．Theauthorofthispassagewantstotellus.

A．whattheInterneteducationis

B．theimportanceofthewebcameratoday

C．whenthestudentscancheat

D．howtobeatstudentsexamcheatingonline

Ⅱ.七选五

（2018·江西红色七校联考）

DoPeopleNeedSmallTalktoBeHappy?

Psychologists（心理学家）havelongsaidthatconnectingwithothersisanimportantpartofhappiness，butjusthowmuchconversationwerequireisunderexamination.Inonestudy,researchersfoundthatsmalltalkmadeuponly10%oftheirconversationrelatedwithhappiness.

13Scientistsbelievethatsmalltalkcouldpromotebonding.Latelastyear，Princetonresearchersreportedthatsmalltalkkeepsclosenesswithlovedones，andisn’tmerelythestuffofawkwardexchangeswithstrangers.

Still，chattingwithstrangerscouldbrightenyourmorning.Inaseriesofexperiments，psychologistsgaveChicagopassengersdifferentdirectionsaboutwhethertotalkwithfellowpassenger—somethingtheytypicallyavoided.14Noneofthechattersreportedbeingrejected.

Smalltalkcanalsohelpusfeelconnectedtooursurroundings.Peoplewhosmiledat，madeeyecontactwith，andbrieflyspokewiththeirStarbucksbaristas（服务员），reportedagreatersenseofbelongingthanthosewhorushedthroughthetransaction（交易）．15Onereportfoundthatwhenvolunteersbrokethesilencetochatwithgallerygoers，thevisitorsfelthappierandmoreconnectedtotheexhibitthanthosewhowerenotapproached.

16Inonestudy，peoplewhowererated“lesscurious”byresearchershadtroublegettingaconversationrollingontheirown，andhadgreaterluckbuildingclosenesswithotherswhentheyweresuppliedwithquestionsthatencouragedpersonaldisclosure（透露）．Butpeoplewhowereconsidered“curious”needednohelpwhentransformingconversationsaboutordinarythingsintopersonalexchanges.17

A．Thesameistrueofgallerygoers.

B．Theyfoundthatsmalltalkisrelatedwithhappiness.

C．Butdon’tplaydownsmalltalkjustyet.

D．Ofcourse，somepeoplearebetterthanothersatturningsmalltalkintosomethingbigger.

E．A“curiousmindset”，theauthorconcluded，canleadto“positivesocialinteractions”．

F．Makingsmalltalkisanimportantskillforallthesocialsituations.

G．Thosetoldtochatwithothersreportedamorepleasantjourney.

答案解析

Ⅰ.

1．C　[细节理解题。

根据第二段中的“Whenhefinishedschool，hewenttostudymathematicsatCambridgeUniversity.Later，hegotajobteachingattheuniversity.Whileworkingthere，hedesignedhis‘firstdifferenceengine’．”可知，巴贝奇在剑桥大学计划他的“firstdifferenceengine”。

故选C。

]

2．B　[细节理解题。

根据倒数第三段中“Alas！

His‘seconddifferenceengine’couldn’tuseelectricitysincethishadn’tyetbecomeausablesourceofpower”和“Itwastooadvancedforitsage！

”可知，他的“seconddifferenceengine”远远超过了它的时代。

故选B。

]

3．B　[细节理解题。

根据倒数第二段中的“Itwasnotuntilalmost160yearslaterthatBabbage’s‘seconddifferenceengine’wasfinallymanufactured.ThefirstworkingversionofthismachinewasbuiltbytheScienceMuseuminLondon，fortheBabbagebicentenaryin1991.”可知，the“seconddifferenceengine”在1991年被制造是为了纪念巴贝奇诞辰二百周年。

故选B。

]

4．C　[推理判断题。

通读全文可知，本文介绍了巴贝奇对计算机发明作出的巨大贡献。

由此可知，巴贝奇可以被看作是计算机之父。

]

语篇解读　文中作者列举了当今高中生忙于学习没时间外出的现状，说明了外出会有很多收获，鼓励学生们走出去，去获取更多东西。

5．C　[推理判断题。

根据最后一段第一句和最后一句可知，作者认为外出是一种增加生活经验的机会，我们会从激动人心的旅程中获得更多的知识。

本段总结了作者的观点。

故选C。

]

6．D　[细节理解题。

根据第二段第二句可知，高中生们有大量的作业要做，要把所有的时间用于学习考高分。

对于他们来说外出活动就是一个梦想。

故选D。

]

7．B　[推理判断题。

根据第三段中的“Indoingso，welosetherealpurposeoflife—tobeavaluableandhappyperson.Toenjoyjusthowgreatitistobealive，wehavetoputdownourbooksandpensandlookaroundus.”可知是运用了论证的方法；第四段中的“LuBan，createdasawtohelpwoodworkers...WecouldalsosupposethatifNewtonhadn’trestedunderthatappletree...”是运用了举例来说明自己的观点。

故选B。

]

8．D　[推理判断题。

根据全文可知，作者认为高中生走出去是一种增加生活经验的机会，会从激动人心的旅程中获得更多的知识，鼓励学生们多出去走走。

故选D。

]

语篇解读