Introduction on Master Trust.docx
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IntroductiononMasterTrust
IntroductiononMasterTrust
Contents
1:
Summary2
2:
StructureofMasterTrust2
3:
ApplicationandFeature4
4:
SampleDeal7
4.1CHASESeries7
4.2和祥系列集合资金信托计划15
5:
Reference16
BelowisabriefintroductiononthefeaturesofMasterTrust.
1:
Summary
SecuritiesissuedthroughmastertrustareaspecialtypeofABS.Thedifferencebetweenamastertrustandadiscretetrustisthatthemastertrustwouldcontinueacquiringreceivablesandissuingsecuritiesbasedthereononanongoingbasis.Asaresultofthefeatureabove,originatorofthemastertrustcanhavetheflexibilitytohandleandissuedifferentsecuritiesatdifferenttimes.
Mastertrustisparticularlysuitedtohandleassetswithveryshortpaybackperiod,suchascreditcardreceivables.Itspotentialinissuingsecuritiesbackedbyassetswithlongerpaybackperiodislargelyunexplored.Becausecreditcardreceivablesessentiallydonothaveanycollateral,therecoveryrateisusuallyverylow.
2:
StructureofMasterTrust
Inordertohandleassetswithashorterpaybackperiodandpackthemintoproductswithadesirablelength,mastertrusthasauniquestructurecomparedtodiscretetrusts,whichconsistofafixedorstaticpoolofreceivables.
Belowisthestructureofade-linkedmastertrust,themostpopulartypeinthemarket:
Inthediagramabove,wecanseetwoseriesofconventionalsingleseriesissuanceswiththeirownrespectiveSenior/Substructure.Therighthandsideisaschematicillustrationofanissuanceundermastertrustthatgivetheissuerflexibility:
theycanissuedifferenttrancheswithdifferentratingandseniorityatanytimeofissuer’schoice.
Tounderstandtheflexibilityofissuerunderde-linkedmastertruststructure,wecantakealookatthediagrambelow:
Inmastertrust,Ibelievetherearetwokindsofeventsthatarerelatedtopaymentofprincipal:
Early-AmortizationEventandEventsofdefault.Theapproximatetimelineofthesetwoeventscanbeillustratedasbelow:
Thediagramaboveisaroughrepresentationanddoesnotcoverallthesituations.Generallyspeaking,whenan“EarlyAmortizationEvent”occurs,theissuerwillberequiredtorepaytheprincipalofeach“affected”trancheofnotesbeforetheScheduledPrincipalPaymentDateofthattranch,totheextentthatfundsareavailableaftergivingeffecttoallallocationsandreallocations.
WhenanEventofDefaultoccurs(itsconditionsarestatedbelow),eithertheindenturetrusteeortheholdersofmorethan662/3%oftheoutstandingdollarprincipalamountofthatclassortrancheofnotesmaydeclaretheprincipalofallthoseoutstandingnotestobeimmediatelydueandpayable.ThisislikelytoleadtoaSaleofAsset.
Foramoredetailedexplanation,pleaserefertotheSampleDealCHASESeriesinsection4.1
3:
ApplicationandFeature
Asstatedabove,themastertruststructureisparticularlysuitedtothesecuritizationofassetssuchascreditcardreceivables.ButrecentlyintheUK,itisalsousedtosecuritizeresidentialmortgagesaswell,suchasGraniteMasterTrustIIissuedbytheNorthernRock.
BelowaretwodiagramsshowingtheevolutionofUSMastertruststructureandcurrentde-linkedissuanceplatforms:
Mastertruststructurehasthefollowingfeatures:
1-InsteadofissuingClassAs,Bs,andCstranchesconcurrently,asthecaseinsingleseriesstructure,mastertrustallowstheseparationofissuingtime,i.e.issuercanissueaSubordinateCertificatefirst,andthen,dependingonthemarketcondition,issueacorrespondingSeniorCertificateatadifferenttime.Thisfeaturegivesissuertheflexibilitytobettermeetthemarketdemandfordifferentrisk/returnprofile.
2-Ensuringthereissufficienthardcreditsupportorsubordinationatalltimes.Ensuringincertaincasesthatexcesssubordination(relatedtoover-issuanceofanysub-classrelativetotheseniornotes)isnotusedtoabsorblosses;
3-Ensuringthatthecashflowstructureisengineeredtoallowfortheearliermaturityofjuniornoteswhilstpreservingthecreditintegrityofoutstandingseniornotes.
Thesecondandthirdadditionalrequirementsinde-linkedmastertrustsintroducenewfeaturessuchaspre-funding,sliding/scalingenhancement,etc.
4-CreditEnhancement:
Intermsofcreditenhancementandtheallocationoflosses,inafully-fundedmastertrust,theClassA/B/Cnoteswouldnotconstituteafixedpercentofthecapitalstructure.Instead,issuanceoptionsmaycreateadifferentcombinationofsu-classeseachtime.Butcertaincriteriamustbemettomaintainminimumcreditenhancementlevelsforeachclassofnotes:
Forexample,ClassAnotesmustatalltimesbenefitfromafixedpercentofhardsubordination.However,theseniornoteholderswillonlybenefitfromtherequiredsubordinationlevel,irrespectiveoftheamountsofjuniornotesoutstanding.Thusjuniornotesthatmayhavebeenissuedinexcessofsuchrequiredlevelwillnotabsorblossesforthebenefitofseniornotes.Thestructureofallocationoflossescanbeshownasthediagrambelow:
4:
SampleDeal
4.1CHASESeries
Firstlet’slookattheorganizationalstructureofthismastertrust:
Interest
Interestonatrancheofnoteswillequaltheproductof:
•
theinterestrateforthattrancheofnotesfortheapplicableinterestperiod; times
•
(x)either
(1)theactualnumberofdaysintherelatedinterestperiodor
(2)thenumberofdaysintherelatedinterestperiodbasedona360-dayyearoftwelve30-daymonths,dividedby(y)360; times
•
theoutstandingdollarprincipalamountofthattrancheofnotesasofthecloseofbusinessonthelastinterestpaymentdateor,forthefirstinterestpayment,theoutstandingdollarprincipalamountofthattrancheofnotesasoftheissuancedate.
Eachinterestperiodwillbeginonandincludeaninterestpaymentdateandendonbutexcludethenextinterestpaymentdate.However,thefirstinterestperiodwillbeginonandincludetheissuancedateofatrancheofnotesandendonbutexcludethefirstinterestpaymentdateforthattrancheofnotes.Theinterestaccrualmethodforatrancheofnoteswillbespecifiedintheapplicableprospectussupplement.
Principal
Theissuingentityexpectstopaythestatedprincipalamountofeachtrancheofnotesinonepaymentonthescheduledprincipalpaymentdateforthattrancheofnotes,andisobligatedtodosoiffundsareavailableonthatdateforthatpurpose.Ifthestatedprincipalamountofatrancheofnotesisnotpaidinfullonitsscheduledprincipalpaymentdateduetoinsufficientfunds,noteholderswillgenerallynothaveanyremediesagainsttheissuingentityuntilthelegalmaturitydateofthattrancheofnotes.
Ifthestatedprincipalamountofatrancheofnotesisnotpaidinfullonthescheduledprincipalpaymentdate,then,subjecttotheprincipalpaymentrulesdescribedin “—Subordination,CreditEnhancement” and“—RequiredSubordinatedAmount,” anearlyamortizationeventwithrespecttothattrancheofnoteswilloccurandprincipalandinterestpaymentsonthattrancheofnoteswillbemademonthlyuntiltheyarepaidinfullortheirlegalmaturitydateoccurs,whicheverisearlier.Principalofatrancheofnotesmaybepaidearlierthanthescheduledprincipalpaymentdateforthattrancheofnotesifanyearlyamortizationeventoraneventofdefaultandaccelerationoccurswithrespecttothattrancheofnotes.See “TheNotes—RedemptionandEarlyAmortizationofNotes;EarlyAmortizationEvents” and “—EventsofDefault.”
Subordination,CreditEnhancement
Thepaymentofprincipalandinterestonsubordinatednoteswillbesubordinatedtothepaymentofprincipalofandinterestonseniornotes.
Principalcollectionsallocatedtosubordinatednotesmaybereallocatedtopayinterestonseniornotesortheportionoftheservicingfeeallocabletoseniornotes.Thesereallocationswillreducethenominalliquidationamountofthesubordinatednotes.Inaddition,thenominalliquidationamountofthesubordinatednoteswillgenerallybereducedforcharge-offsresultingfromanyuncovereddefaultamountallocatedtothenotespriortoanyreductionsinthenominalliquidationamountoftheseniornotes.Charge-offsresultingfromanyuncovereddefaultamountallocatedtothenoteswillinitiallybeallocatedtoeachtranche prorata baseduponeachtranche’snominalliquidationamount.Thesecharge-offswillthenbereallocatedfromtranchesofseniornotestotranchesofsubordinatednotestotheextentcreditenhancementintheformofsubordinationisstillavailabletothosetranchesofseniornotes.
Inaddition,principalcollectionsallocatedtothenoteswillfirstbeusedtofundtargeteddepositstotheprincipalfundingsubaccountsofseniornotesbeforebeingappliedtotheprincipalfundingsubaccountsofsubordinatednotes.
Atrancheofsubordinatednotesthatreachesitsscheduledprincipalpaymentdate,orthathasanearlyamortizationevent,eventofdefaultandacceleration,oranoptionalredemption,willnotbepaidtotheextentthatthattrancheisnecessarytoprovidetherequiredsubordinationfortranchesofseniornotes.Ifatrancheofsubordinatednotescannotbepaidbecauseofthesubordinationprovisionsoftheseniornotes,prefundingoftheprincipalfundingsubaccountsfortranchesofseniornoteswillbeginasdescribedinthisprospectus.Afterthattime,thattrancheofsubordinatednoteswillbepaidonlytotheextentthat:
•
theprincipalfundingsubaccountsforthetranchesofseniornotesareprefundedtoanappropriatelevelsuchthatnoneofthetranchesofsubordinatednotesthathavereachedtheirscheduledprincipalpaymentdatearenecessar