人教版选修四第四章《电化学基础》测试题.docx

人教版选修四第四章《电化学基础》测试题.docx

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人教版选修四第四章《电化学基础》测试题

人教版选修四第四章《电化学基础》测试题（Peopleteacheditionelectivefour,fourthchapterelectrochemistryfoundationtestquestion）

Peopleteacheditionelectivefour,fourthchapter"electrochemistryfoundation"testquestion

GuangzhouNo.2010.3ChemistryCenteroffers

Thistestpaperisdividedintothefirstpart（themultiple-choicequestion）andthesecondpart（thenonselectivequestion）,thefullscore100points,theexaminationtime40minutes.

Thefirstpartisthemultiple-choicequestion（50pointsaltogether）

Asinglechoice（5minuteseveryday,everydaywithonlyoneoption,atotalof30points.）

1.wastebatterypollutioncausedwidespreadattention,thewastebatteryintheenvironmentpollutionisthemainmaterial

A.zinc,B.,mercury,C.graphite,D.manganesedioxide

2.insertthepurezincsheetandthepurecoppersheetintothedilutesulfuricacidforthesametimeaccordingtothediagram.Thefollowingstatementiscorrect

A.twobeakerhasnobubblesonthesurfaceofthecoppersheet

B.acopperplateisananode,andacopperplateinthesecondisanegativeelectrode

InC.twobeaker,thepHofthesolutionincreases

TherateatwhichD.producesbubblesisslowerthanthatofB.

3.thereactionofgalvaniccellsinthefollowingchangesis

A.darkenedthesurfaceofsilvermedalsintheair

B.whengalvanizedironisscratchedonthesurface,itcanalsopreventironfrombeingoxidized

C.hotwireincontactwithcoldwater,blackprotectivelayerformedonthesurface

D.concentratednitricacidismorelikelytooxidizemetalcopperthandilutenitricacid

4.thethreeelectrolyticcellswhicharerespectivelymoltensodiumchloride,magnesiumchlorideandaluminaareconnectedinseries,andafteracertainperiodoftime,theratiooftheamountofsodium,magnesiumandaluminumisreleasedundercertainconditions

A.1:

2,,3,B.3:

2,1,C.6,2,3,1,D.6:

3

5.,aboutlead-acidbatteriesPb+PbO2+2H2SO4,PbSO4+2H2Oiscorrect,yes

InA.discharge,thepositivereactionisPb（s）+SO42-（AQ）=PbSO4（s）+2e-

B.inthedischargewhenthebatteryisinleadanodematerials

WhenC.charges,theconcentrationofsulfuricacidinthebatteryisgettingsmaller

WhenchargingD.,theanodicreactionisPbSO4（s）+2e-=,Pb（s）+SO42-（AQ）

The6.oneconsistsofX,Y,Zalloy,Wfourmetalcomponents,ifonlytheZalloyinhydrochloricacid,Ycanbedissolved;ifthealloyinthehumidair,thesurfaceappearsonlyZcompounds;ifthealloyasanode,Xsaltsolutionastheelectrolyte,electricityfourthemetalionsforminthesolution,butonlyprecipitatedonthecathodeX.Theorderofactivityofthefourmetalsis...

A.Y>Z>W>X>Y>W>XB.Z

C.W>Z>Y>X>Y>Z>WD.X

Two,doublechoice（5minuteseveryday,everydaytherearetwooptionstodowrong,0points,missed2points,atotalof20points.）

Inanelectrolytesolutionof7.pH=a,twoinertelectrodesareinsertedintotheelectrolyteforaperiodoftimeafterdirectcurrent,andthesolutionispH>A,thentheelectrolytemaybe

A.NaOHB.Na2SO4C.AgNO3D.HCl

8.thefollowingdescriptiondoesnotconformtotheactualproduction

A.electrolyticmoltenaluminaisusedtomakealuminum,andironisusedasanode

RefiningcrudecopperbyB.electrolysisandusingcoarsecopperascathode

C.causticsodawaspreparedbyelectrolysisofsaturatedsaltwater,andnickelcoatedcarbonsteelmeshwasusedascathode

D.galvanizedonplatedparts,withzincasanode

9.,thechemicaltermisanimportanttoolinstudyingchemistry

A.electrolysissaturatedsaltwater,anodeelectrodereaction:

2Cl-2E=Cl2=

ThenegativereactionofB.typealkalinehydrogenfuelcell:

O2+2H2O+4e-=4OH

WhenC.platedcopper,anodereaction:

Cu2++,2e-,==Cu

ThenegativereactionofD.steelelectrochemicalcorrosion:

Fe2e==Fe2+

10.whentheelectrolytesolutionisanoxyhydrogenfuelcell,theelectrolytesolutionissaturatedwithsodiumcarbonatesolutionforaperiodoftime,assumingthatthetemperatureisconstantatthetimeofelectrolysisandtheinertelectrodeisused

A.whenthenegativeelectrodeofthebatteryconsumesmggas,theanodeoftheelectrolyticcellissimultaneouslygeneratedwithMggas

ThepositivereactionofB.batteryisO2+2H2O+4e-=4OH-

AfterC.electrolysis,C（Na2CO3）remainsunchanged,andcrystalprecipitationoccursinthesolution

InD.batteries,C（KOH）remainsconstant;solutionpHbecomeslargerintheelectrolyticcell

Thesecondpartisthenonchoicequestion（50pointsaltogether）

Three,nonchoicequestions（50points）

1.（16point）Zn-MnO2drycellsarewidelyused,andtheirelectrolytesolutionsareZnCl2-NH4Clmixedsolutions.

（1）thenegativeelectrodematerialofthebatteryis.Whenthebatteryisworking,theelectronsflow（fillthepositiveornegative）.

（2）iftheZnCl2-NH4ClmixedsolutioncontainingCu2+impurities,willacceleratecorrosionofaelectrode,themainreasonisthat

.InordertoremoveCu2+,itisbettertousethefollowingreagent（fillincode）.

A.NaOH,b.Zn,c.Fe,d.NH3,H2O

（3）oneofthemethodsofMnO2productionistousegraphiteaselectrodeandelectrolyticacidificationofMnSO4solution.Theelectrodereactionofcathodeis.Iftheelectrolyticcircuitpassesthroughthe2molelectron,thetheoreticalyieldofMnO2isgram.

12.（10points）dipthecleanmetalsheetsFe,Zn,A,B,respectively,withCuwiresinsuitableelectrolytesolutions.Themovementdirectionofthevoltageindicatorandthereadingofthevoltmeterarerecordedandshownasshowninthefollowingtable:

Metal

Electronflowdirection

Voltage/V

Fe

FetoCu

+0.78

Zn

ZntoCu

+1.10

A

CutoA

0.15

B

BtoCu

+0.3

Accordingtotheaboveexperimentalrecords,completethefollowingblank:

（1）thegreaterthedifferenceinthemetalactivityofthetwoelectrodethatmakesupthechemicalcell,thegreaterthereadingofthevoltmeter（fillingin"big"or"small"）.

Zn,A,B,threekindsofmetalactivityfromstrongtoweakorderis.

（2）theprimarycellcomposedofCuandAisnegativeelectrode

.

（3）AandBalloy,exposedinmoistair,firstcorroded.

13.（24points）forthedrugandtime,a,BandCthreestudentswithcopper,zinctablets,dilutesulfuricacidandCuSO4solution;DCpowersupply,graphiteelectrodes,wires,tubesandotherchemicalbeakers,commondrugsandinstruments（supplies）,withacleveridea,"relay"wayaseriesofexperimentaldesign,comparisonofcopperandzincmetalactivityrelativestrength.Fillintheblanksbelow:

（1）astudentplacedasmallpieceofcopperandzinconthebottomofthebeaker（copperandzincwerenotincontact）,andcarefullyaddeddilutesulfuricacidtothebeaker.Aclassmate'sdesignideais.

（2）theexperimentofclassmateB,followedbytheadditionofasolutiontothebeaker,.TheprinciplethatBstudentsmaketherelativestrengthofzincandcoppermetalactivityisbasedon

.

（3）CstudentsusedDCpowerandgraphiteelectrodestoassembletheelectrolyticdevice,andthenecessaryreagents（aselectrolyte）wereaddedtothesolutionaftertheexperiment.Thereactionstartedunderregulation,andthechemicalreactionequationintheexperimentwas.Theobviousexperimentalphenomenaobtainedare.

（4）pleasedesignanothersimpleexperiment（reagent,instrumentoptional）toinvestigateandconfirmtherelativestrengthofzincandcoppermetalactivity（briefdescriptionofoperationandphenomenon）

.

Takethe4andfourthchaptersonthebasicunitofelectrochemistry

Thefirstpartisthemultiple-choicequestion（90pointsaltogether）

Questionno.

One

Two

Three

Four

Five

Six

Seven

Eight

Nine

Ten

Answer

B

C

B

D

B

B

AD

AB

AD

BC

Thesecondpartisthenonchoicequestion（60pointsaltogether）

11.

（1）Zn（orzinc）anode（4points）

（2）ZnreactswithCu2+toformCu,ZnandCutoformtheprimarycell,andthereactionrate（4points）isaccelerated（b）

（2）

（2H++2e-=H2=3）

（2）87g（4）

12.（10points）

（1）large（2points）

（2）Zn>,B>A（2points）

（3）Cu

（2）Cu2+

（2）Cu2e=;

（4）B（2points）

13.（24points）

（1）thereisabubbleonthezincsheet,andthereisnobubbleonthecoppersheet.（2points）

Zincdisplaceshydrogenfromacid,butcopperdoesnot.（2points）

（2）CuSO4solution.（2points）

Thereisredcopperprecipitationonthezincfilm,andtherateofbubbleformationonthezincfilmisobviouslyaccelerated

（2）.（2points）

Areactivemetalcandisplaceaninertmetalfromitssaltsolution,（2points）Zn,Cu,dilutesulfuricacid,agalvaniccell,andZnasanegativeelectrode.（3points）

（3）2CuSO4+2H2O+O2=2Cu+2H2SO4（3points）

Redcopperprecipitatesonthecathode.（2points）

（4）takeasmallpieceofcopperandzincslicesinthetesttube,andthenaddasmallamountofbluecoppersulfatesolutiontothetesttube.Afterawhile,theblueofthetesttubesolutionaddedwithzincdropstoalmostcolorlesssolution.（otherreasonableanswersareequallydivided）（4points）