Model Test 4.docx

Model Test 4.docx

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ModelTest4

ModelTestFour

PartⅠWriting（30minutes）

Directions：

Forthispart，youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledTalentShowsonTV.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow：

1.现在电视上充斥着各种选秀节目

2.选秀节目流行的原因

3.你的观点

注意：

在实考中，此部分试题在答题卡1上。

TalentShowsonTV

PartⅡReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（15minutes）

Directions：

Inthispart，youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1～7，markY（forYES）ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;N（forNO）ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;NG（forNOTGIVEN）iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.Forquestions8～10，completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

Depression

Depressionisnowreferredtoasamooddisorder,andtheprimarysubtypesaremajordepression,dysthymia（chronicandusuallymilderdepression）,andatypicaldepression.Otherimportantformsofdepressionarepremenstrualdysphoricdisorder（PDDorPMDD）andseasonalaffectivedisorder（SAD）.Theothermajormooddisorderisbipolardisorder,ormanicdepressiveillness,whichischaracterizedbyperiodsofdepressionalternatingwithepisodesofexcessiveenergyandactivity.

MajorDepressionInmajor，oracute，depression，atleastfiveofthesymptomslistedbelowmustoccurforaperiodofatleasttwoweeksandtheymustrepresentachangefrompreviousbehaviorormood.Depressedmoodorlossofinterestmustbepresent.Symptoms：

1.Depressedmoodonmostdaysformostofeachday—irritabilitymaybeprominentinchildrenandadolescents;2.Totalorverynoticeablelossofpleasuremostofthetime;3.Significantincreasesordecreasesinappetiteweight,orboth;4.Sleepdisorders,eitherinsomniaorexcessivesleepinessnearlyeveryday;5.Feelingsofagitationorasenseofintenseslowness;6.Lossofenergyandadailysenseoftiredness;7.Senseofguiltorworthlessnessnearlyallthetime;8.Inabilitytoconcentrateoccurringnearlyeveryday;9.Recurrentthoughtsofdeathorsuicide.Inaddition,othercriteriamustbemet:

Thesymptomslistedabovedonotfolloworaccompanymanicepisodes（suchasinbipolardisorderorotherdisorders）.Theyimpairimportantnormalfunctions（suchasworkorpersonalrelationships）.Theyarenotcausedbydrugs，alcohol，orothersubstances.Theyarenotcausedbynormalgrief.Alongtermstudyconductedin1997foundthatepisodesofmajordepressionusuallylastabout20weeks.Between30-40%ofdepressedpatientsexperiencesuddenattacksofangerthattheydescribeasuncharacteristicandinappropriate.

ComplicationsofDepressionDepressionisoftenchronic，withepisodesofrecurrenceandimprovement.Approximatelyonethirdofpatientswithasingleepisodeofmajordepressionwillhaveanotherepisodewithinoneyearafterdiscontinuingtreatment，andmorethan50%willhavearecurrenceatsomepointintheirlives.Depressionismorelikelytorecurifthefirstepisodewassevereorprolonged,oriftherehavebeenrecurrences.Todate,evennewerantidepressantshavefailedtoachievepermanentremissioninmostpatientswithmajordepression，althoughthestandardmedicationsareveryeffectiveintreatingandpreventingacuteepisodes.

RiskforSuicideAbout90%ofsuicidesareduetotreatabledisorders,mostcommonlydepressionorsubstanceabuse.Peoplewithdepressionhaveuptoa15%riskforsuicide,withthehighestriskinpatientswhoarehospitalizedfordepression.Somestudiesindicatethatatypicaldepressionposesahigherriskforsuicidethantypicaldepressionandthatdysthymiamayposeahigherriskthanepisodicmajordepressivedisorder.Depressedmenaremorelikelytocommitsuicidethandepressedwomen，andintheU.S.andaroundtheworld，suicideismostcommoninmenolderthan60.Suicidalpreoccupationorthreatsofsuicideshouldalwaysbetreatedseriouslyinanyone,however.

EffectonPhysicalHealthMajordepressionintheelderlyorinpeoplewithseriousillnessseemstoreducetheirsurvivalrates,evenindependentlyofanyaccompanyingillness.Inonestudy,evenminordepressionwasassociatedwithahigherriskforashorterlifeinmen（althoughnotinwomen）.Decreasedphysicalactivityandsocialinvolvementcertainlyplayaroleintheassociationbetweendepressionandillnessseverity.Someresearchalsosuggests,however,thatdepressionproducesbiologicfactors,suchaslowserotoninlevels,whichtriggerstressrelatedresponsesinthebodythatcausebloodclottingproblems，inflammation，anddamagetoorgansandcells.EffectonHeartDiseaseandOtherAgeRelatedProblems.Manystudieshavenowreportedstrongassociationsbetweendepressionandaworseandevenshorteroldage.Depressionincreasestheincidenceandseverityofheartattacks，strokeanddeathaftertheseevents.Depressionisalsoassociatedwithmentaldeclineandevenosteoporosisinolderpeople.Obesity.BothobesityanddepressionareincreasinginAmerican.Ina2002study，forinstance，adolescentswhoweredepressedhadahighriskforobesity.Theconditionsmayhavecommonriskfactors.Forexample，beinginalowersocialandeconomicgroupincreasestheriskforbothobesityanddepression.Lowphysicalactivitymayalsobeacommonfactor.IncreasingSensationsofPain.Depressioncoincideswithincreasedpaininpeoplewithconditionssuchasthosearthritisorfibromyalgia.Cancer.Therelationshipbetweendepressionandcancerhasbeenexploredforyearswithonlyafewclearcutassociations（e.g.,withpancreaticcancer）.Certainlydepressionandanxietycanhaveaprofoundimpactonqualityoflifeincancerpatients.A2002studyreportedaworseoutlookincancerpatientswithahistoryofdepressivesymptoms—butnotinpatientswhosedepressionoccurredaftertheillness.

ImpactonDailyActivitiesandRelationshipsEffectsofParentalDepressiononChildren.Depressioninparentscanhaveprofoundeffectsontheirchildren.Itnotonlyincreasestheriskfordepressionintheirchildren，but，accordingtoonestudy，itmayevenincreaseachild’sriskformanymedicalconditions（e.g.，urinaryandgenitaldisorders，headaches，lungproblems）.EffectsonMarriage.Inonesurvey，nearlyhalfofpeoplewhosufferedfrompsychiatricdisordersbeforeorduringtheirfirstmarriageweredivorced，comparedtoadivorcerateof36%inthosewhoneversufferedfromemotionaldisorders.Spousesofpartnerswithdepressionarethemselvesathigherriskfordepression.EffectonWork.Depressioniswellknowntoadverselyaffectaperson’sworklife.Itsignificantlyincreasestheriskforunemploymentandlowerincome.Majordepression，accordingtoamajor2003survey,accountsfornearlyhalfofthenation’sexcesslostproductivetime（inmostcasesbecauseofreducedperformanceatwork）.Workerswithdepressionalsolosesignificantlymoretimeduetoillhealththannondepressedworkers.Suchlosttimeisestimatedtocostthecountrybillionsofdollarseachyear.AlcoholandDrugAbuse.About14%ofpeoplewithmajordepressionalsohaveanalcoholusedisorderand5%havedrugabuseproblems.Studiesontheconnectionsbetweenalcoholdependenceanddepressionhavestillnotresolvedwhetheronecausestheotheroriftheybothsharesomecommonbiologiccause.Smoking.Depressionisawell-knownriskfactorforsmoking，and26%ofpeoplewithmajordepressionarenicotinedependent.Nicotinemaystimulatereceptorsinthebrainthatimprovemoodincertainpeoplewithgeneticallyinduceddepression.

注意：

在实考中，此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1.Everyoneexperiencessomeunhappiness，oftenasaresultofachange，eitherintheformofasetbackoraloss，orsimply，asFreudputit，“everydaymisery.”

2.Depressionisamooddisorderthatisexperiencedbyapersonforatleasttwoweeks.

3.Sleepdisorders，eitherinsomniaorexcessivesleepiness，nearlyeverydayisanindicationofdepression.

4.Peoplesufferingfromdepressionmayentertainasenseofguiltorworthlessnessformostofthetime.

5.Alongtermstudyfoundthatanepisodeofmajordepressionusuallylastsabout20weeks.

6.Morethanhalfofthedepressionpatientsarelikelytoexperienceanotherepisodeofmajordepressionlaterintheirlives.

7.Patientswhoarehospitalizedfordepressionarereportedtohavemorethan15%riskforsuicide.

8.Onestudyfoundthateven______wouldimposehighrisksforashorterlifeinmen,althoughnotinwomen.

9._______notonlyincreasestheriskfordepressioninchildren，butmayevenincreaseachild’sriskformanymedicalconditions.

10.Depressionmayleadtodependenceon_______，thoughstudiesontheconnectionsbetweendepressionandsuchdependencehavenotproducedconvincingconclusions.

PartⅢListeningComprehension（35minutes）

SectionA

Directions：

Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation，oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

注意：

在实考中，此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

11.A）He’llonlygiveherpartofhisnotes.B）Hedoesn’tknowanythingabouteconomics.

C）He’snottakinganeconomicsclass.D）He’shappytolendherhisnotes.

12.A）Admissiontothemovieisfree.B）Thewomanwillpayforthetheatreticket.

C）Hedidn’tsayhe’dcallthewoman.D）Heforgottocallthewoman.

13.A）They’llhavetogetsomemorepaint.B）Theycan