新人教版语法知识点梳理.docx

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新人教版语法知识点梳理.docx

新人教版语法知识点梳理

目录

第一讲:

动词

1.Be动词

2.动词第三人称单数

第二讲:

代词

1.人称代词及物主代词

2.指示代词

第三讲:

名词

1.名词的数

2.名词的所有格

第四讲:

数词

1.基数词

2.序数词

第五讲:

介词

第六讲:

句型

1.肯定句

2.否定句

3.一般疑问句

4.特殊疑问句

5.Therebe句型

 

第一讲:

动词

(一)Be动词(am,is,are)的用法

口诀:

I用am,you用are,is连着他(he)她(she)它(it)。

单数统统用is,复数一律都用are.变疑问,往前提,句末问号莫丢弃,变否定,更容易,be后not莫忘记,疑问否定任你变,句首大写莫迟疑。

注意:

be动词通常会和其他词连写在一起,如:

I’m,what’s,name’s,they’re等

Forexample:

-Whatisyourname?

=-What’syourname?

-MynameisCindy.=-Myname’sCindy.

-Areyouastudent?

=-Areyouastudent?

-Yes,Iamastudent.=–Yes,I’mastudent.

-Whatarethey?

=-Whatarethey?

-Theyareapples.=They’reapples.

Whatisthis?

=What’sthis?

Exercises

I________astudent.

You________Japanese.

He_______mybrother.

She_______verynice.

Myname________Harry.

I_______10yearsold.

LiLei_________verytall.

Mary,this_________Tom.

What_____this?

MissZhou________myteacher.

Thisbook________veryinteresting.

LiLeiandI__________goodfriends.

These________apples.

Those_________bananas.

They_________students.

There_______somebreadontheplate.

Thecat________black.

________shefromChina?

________yougoodatEnglish?

Thebooks________onthedesk.

Theblackpants______forSuYang.

This______notWangFang'spencil.

Here______somesweatersforyou.

There______agirlintheroom.

Thispairofboots______forYangLing.

______DavidandHelenfromEngland?

Theresomemilkforme.

There______someapplesonthetree.

_______thereanykitesintheclassroom?

GaoShan'sshirt_______overthere.

Sometea______intheglass.

Mysister'sname______Nancy.

_______thereanyapplejuiceinthebottle?

Mytelephonenumber________8563-0770.

(二)动词第三人称单数的构成规则:

a.一般情况下在动词词尾加s

如:

get----getslike----likes

play—plays,want—wants,work—works,

know—knows,help—helps,get—gets

b.以字母s、x、ch或o结尾的动词加-es;

如:

guess—guesses,fix—fixes,teach—teaches,

brush—brushes,go—goes,do—does,watch—watches,catch—catches

c.以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,先变y为i,再加-es。

如:

study—studies,carry—carries,fly—flies,worry—worries

特殊词:

have----has

Exercises

一完成句子。

1.I________(know)theboy.

2.They________(go)toworkonSundays.

3.Heusually_______(come)toschoolearly.

4.Ioften_______(have)rice,meatandvegetables.

5.Mygrandfather_______(play)sportsinthepark.

6.MissLi_________(teach)Englishinourschool.

7.ThestudentsofClassFour________(sing)asongonMonday.

8.AliceandJerry_________(do)homeworkafterschool.

9.We________(take)ashowerintheevening.

10.Hersister__________(have)Chineseeveryday.

11._______you________(have)asoccerball?

12.Mary______________(notcome)fromAmerica.

She_________(come)fromBritain.

13._______yourmother_________(watch)TVeveryday?

14._____yoursister_____(know)English?

15.Who_____(want)togoswimming?

二用所给词的适当形式填空。

1.Weoften _________(play)intheplayground.

2.He __________(get)upatsixo’clock.

3. ________you _________(brush)yourteetheverymorning.

4.What________(do)heusually ________(do)afterschool?

5.______they________(like)theWorldCup?

6.________Mikesometimes__________(go)totheparkwithhissister.

7. Ateightatnight,she_________(watch)TVwithhisparents.

8 _______Mike ________(read)Englisheveryday?

9.Howmanylessons_________yourclassmate________(have)onMonday?

10.Whattime _______hismother__________(do)thehousework?

11.Heusually_____(get)upatsixinthemorning.

12.She______(have)blueseyes.

13.We_______(go)toschooleveryday

14.Theboy_________(like)playing football.

15.We_______(have)noclassesonSundays.

16.She________(write)tohermotheronceaweek.

17.It_____(rain)quiteoftenduringthemonthofJulyeveryyear.

18.Sheoften_________(watch)TVonSaturdays.

19.Mikeusually_________(ride)abikewithhisfriendsinthe park.

20.PeterandMaryoften_______(play)badmintontogether.

21.Mymother______(have)alotofcousins.

22.Manypeopleoften_______(listen)totheradiointhe morning.

23.______(do)she_______(like)playingtheviolin?

Yes,she______(do).

24.She_____(have)fourbrothers.She______(like)themverymuch.

25.Heoften________(have)dinnerathome.

26.We_______(notwatch)TVonMonday.

27.Sandyusually_______(play)thepianoonSundays.

28.Thecat________(like)eatingfisheverymuch.

29.SuHaiandSuYang_______(have)eightlessonsthisterm.

30.SheandI________(take)awalktogethereveryevening.

31.Who________(teach)Englishinyourschool?

32.MayI_________(know)youraddress?

33.__________(be)youtwelve?

34.She__________(like)fish,butshe________________(notlike)meat.

35.Hermotherisgoodat_____________(make)cakes.

36.Mr.Greenwants____________(buy)anewwatch.

37.Who_________(be)yourEnglishteacher?

38.Myfather___________(go)tobedat10:

00everyevening.

39.Hisfriend________________(like,play)computergames.

40.Let’s_____________(watch)TV.

41._____________JimandTom___________(like)hamburgers?

42.Whatkindofmovies___________yourgrandfather___________(want)tosee?

43.Where___________(be)thetwovolleyballs?

44.That___________(be)ishisfamilyphoto.

45.Wecan_____________(sing)Englishsongs.

46.Hecan__________(do)ChineseKungfu.

47.Whattime___________Mr.Brown_________(take)ashower?

48.Mrs.Jones____________(watch)TVinweekends.

49.__________(be)yoursistersinthebedroom?

50.Mydaughter________(watch)TVeveryday.Sometimesshe________(see)afilmonSunday.

第二讲:

代词

(一)人称代词及物主代词

人称

第一人称

单数

第二人称

单数

第三人称单数

第一人称

复数

第二人称

复数

第三人称

复数

主格

I

you

he

she

it

we

you

they

宾格

me

you

him

her

it

us

you

them

形容词性物主代词

my

your

his

her

its

our

your

their

名词性物主代词

mine

yours

his

hers

its

ours

yours

theirs

1.通常情况下,人称代词的主格在句子中作主语。

2.通常情况下,人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语。

3.形容词性的物主代词属于限定词,后面要跟它所限定的名词。

4.通常情况下,人称代词主格会与跟在它后面的be动词缩写。

如:

Iam=I’myouare=you’reheis=he’ssheis=she’s

itis=it’sweare=we’retheyare=they’re

Exercises

一根据句子前后内容,写出正确的代词。

LiLeiisfromChina.___________isChinese.

MynameisGina._________amastudent.

ThisisTom.________isinGradeTwo.

HisnameisTony.___________telephonenumberis856-0770.

Sheisastudent.________nameisJulia.

二.用所给词的适当形式填空

1.Thatisnot_________kite.Thatkiteisverysmall,but_________isverybig.(I)

2.Thedressis_________.Giveitto_________.(she)

3.Isthis_________watch?

(you)No,it’snot_________.(I)

4._________ismybrother._________nameisJack.Look!

Thosestampsare_________.(he)

5._________dressesarered.(we)Whatcolorare_________?

(you)

6.Herearemanydolls,whichoneis_________?

(she)

7.Icanfindmytoy,butwhere’s_________?

(you)

8.Show_________yourkite,OK?

(they)

9.Ihaveabeautifulcat._________nameisMimi.Thesecakesare_________.(it)

10.Arethese_________tickets?

No,_________arenot_________._________aren’there.(they)

11.Shall_________havealookatthatclassroom?

Thatis_________classroom.(we)

12._________ismyaunt.Doyouknow_________job?

_________anurse.(she)

13.Thatisnot_________camera._________isathome.(he)

14.Whereare_________?

Ican’tfind_________.Let’scall_________parents.(they)

15.Don’ttouch_________._________notacat,_________atiger!

(it)

16._________sisterisill.Pleasegoandget_________.(she)

17.________don’tknowhername.Wouldyoupleasetell_________.(we)

18.Somanydogs.Let’scount_________.(they)

19.Ihavealovelybrother._________isonly3.Ilike_________verymuch.(he)

20.MayIsitbeside_________?

(you)

21.Lookatthatdesk.Thosebooksareon_________.(it)

22.Thegirlbehind_________isourfriend.(she)

(二).指示代词this,that,these,those.

These是this的复数形式,指时间、距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事。

Those是that的复数形式,指时间、距离较远或者前面已经提到的人或事。

Forexample:

Thisismyroom.ThatisLucy’sroom.

Thesearehisbrothers.Thosearehisbooks.

第三讲:

名词

名词:

表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词

(一)名词的分类

名词分为普通名词和专有名词,其中普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词,可数名词可用作单数,也可用作复数。

可数名词包括个体名词(表示一类人或物的个体。

如:

boy,desk,cat,window)和集体名词(由若干个体组成的集合体。

如:

family,class,police)。

不可数名词包括物质名词(表示无法分为个体的实物。

如:

water,paper,silk,money)和抽象名词(表示性质、行为、状态、感情或其它抽象概念。

如:

work,happiness,music,difficulty,housework)

专有名词表示个人、地方、机构、组织等。

如:

Tom,theGreatWall,theSpringFestival,France,theUnitedStates)。

(二)名词的数

1.可数名词有单数和复数两种形式,其复数形式的构成主要有以下几种:

(1)一般情况下,在词尾加s.

e.g.book——books,dog——dogs,pen——pens,boy——boys

辅音结尾的名词后的s的读音为[s],以浊辅音和元音结尾名词后的s读音为〔z〕。

(2)以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词名词变复数时,要在词尾加es.

e.g.beach——beaches,brush——brushes,bus——buses,box—boxes(es读音为〔iz〕

(3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,先变y为i,再加es.

e.g.city——cities,family——families,documentary——documentaries,country——countries,

strawberry——strawberries(ies读音为[iz])

(注:

以“元音字母+y”结尾的词,直接在词尾加-s.e.g.boys,holidays,days)

(4)以元音字母。

结尾的名词,变复数时情况如下:

①加eg.tomato—tomatoes,potato—potatoes

②结尾是两个元音字母的加s,e.g.zoo—zoos,radio——radios

③某些外来词变复数时词尾加s,e.g.piano—pianos

④一些名词的缩写形式变复数时,词尾加s,

e.g.photo(photograph)——photos,kilo(kilogram)kilos

⑤zero变复数时,既可加s,也可加e.g.zeros/zeroes

(5)以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时,先把f或fe变为v,再加es.

e.g.wife——wives,leafleaves,half——halves,knife—knives,thief——thieves(res读音为[vz]

(注意:

roof的复数为roofs;scarf的复数为scarfs/scarves)

(6)有些名词由单数变复数时,不是在词尾加s或es,而是变换其中的字母。

e.g.man——men,woman——women,policeman——policemen,Englishman——Englishmen,Frenchman——Frenchmen,foot——feet,tooth——teeth,child——children,mouse—mice,Ox—Oxen(公牛)

(7)还有一些名词的单数和复数形式相同。

e.g.Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish

(8)另一些名词本身即是复数形式,不可用作单数。

e.g.people,police,trousers,pants,clothes,scissors

另外,①当一个名词作定语说明另一个名词时,这个名词一般用单数。

e.g.anappletree,fiveappletrees,agirlfriend,twogirlfriends,atwinsister

但是

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