第一讲 定语从句教师版7份.docx

第一讲 定语从句教师版7份.docx

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第一讲定语从句教师版7份

第一讲定语从句

I.关系代词引导的定语从句。

1.在定语从句中能作主语的关系代词有who，that，which。

其中，who用于指人，which用于指物，that既可以指人又可以指物。

Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.

Adictionaryisabookwhichgivesthemeaningofthewords.

Englishisthemostdifficultsubjectthatyouwilllearnduringtheseyears.

Anarchitectisapersonwho/thatdesignshousesandbuildings.

2.在定语从句中能作宾语的关系代词有who，whom，which，that。

其中who，whom，用于指人，which用于指物，that既可以指人又可以指物。

Therearesomepeople（whom/who）welikeandothers（whom/who）wedislike.

Mr.Carter,whomIspoketoonthephonelastnight,isveryinterestedinourplan.

Thesuit（which/that）thetailormadeformedoesn’tfitme.

3.在定语从句中能作定语的关系代词有whose或the+n+of+which/whom

Thisisthescientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.

Helivesintheroomwhosedoorisgreen.=Helivesintheroomthedoorofwhichisgreen.

4.介词如果在定语从句的句首时，作宾语的关系代词只能用whom或which，且不能省略。

Themanwithwhomyoushookhandsjustnowistheheadofourdepartment.

ThisisthebooktowhichIreferredinmytalk.

*这类从句中的介词也可放在从句的末尾，这时关系代词可以省略。

Thesituation（which）wehadgotintowasverydangerous.

Theman（whom）wesentthepresenttoisadoctoroflaws.

5.其他关系代词

as和but

1）as既可以单独引导定语从句，又可以与主句中的thesame或such相呼应，从句中的谓语动词常常省略。

wejumpedforjoyatthenews,aswasnatural.

Wedothesameworkasthey（do）.

Heisnotthesamemanashewas.

*一些固定说法：

asisknowntoall;ashasbeensaidbefore;asisoftenthecase;asmaybeimagines;ashasbeenpointedout;asoftenhappens

2）but作关系词只能引导限制性定语从句，同具有否定意义的主句连用，相当于that…not,who…not或which…not.

Thereisnotsinglestudentinmyclassbutwouldliketostudymore.

Thereareveryfewbutareagainstwar.

II.关系副词引导的定语从句

引导定语从句的关系副词有when，where，或why等。

When，where，why分别在定语从句中作状语，在意义上相当于“介词+which”。

1.关系副词when

Fromthetimewhenhewaslittle,hehadknownwhathewantedtobewhenhegrewup.

HecamelastnightwhenIwasout.

2.关系副词where

TheplacewhereImetherwasrailwaysituation.

IrecentlywentbacktothetownwhereIwasborn.

3.关系副词why

Idon’tknowthereasonwhyshelooksunhappytoday.

Thereasonwhyhewaspunishedisunknowntous.

III.限制性和非限制性定语从句

1.限制性定语从句（限制性定语从句不能省掉，否则句子就不完整或失去意义。

）

Thisistheboywhobrokethewindow.

IhaveabookwhichteachesEnglishgrammar.

2.非限制性定语从句。

（只是作一些附加说明，不起限制性作用，这类从句往往用逗号与主句分开。

）

I,whoamyourfriend,willsharetheworkwithyou.

NewConceptEnglishisintendedforforeignstudents,whichisknowntousall.

IV.关系代词和关系副词的选用

1.只用which不用that的情况

1）引导非限制性定语从句时

Bambooishollow,whichmakesitverylight.

2）当关系代词前有介词时

Theroominwhichmyfamilyliveusedtobeagarage.

3）当先行词本身为that时

Thatwhichyoutoldhimaboutiswhatwewanttoknow.

***关系词在定语从句中有三大作用

连接作用——连接先行词和定语从句。

IgaveherallthemoneythatIhad.

替代作用——在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。

Themanwholivesnextdoorisafamousteacher.

成分作用——在定语从句作主语、宾语、定语或状语。

IlikepictureswhicharepaintedinthetraditionalChinesestyle.

2.只用that不用which的情况

1）先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时

ThefirstplacethatwevisitedwastheGreatWall.

Thisisthebestfilmthathaseverbeenmade.

2）当先行词为everything,anything,nothing,all,none,few,little等词时，或当现行词被every,all,any,some,few,little,much等词修饰时。

Everythingthattheysaidwastrue.

Therewaslittlethatwecoulddotohelpher.

Isthereanything（that）Icandoforyou?

3）当先行词为人和物时

Theytalkedaboutpersonsandthingsthattheyrememberedintheschool.

Theboyandhisdogthatwerebelievedtobelostinthewoodwererescuedthismorning.

4）主句是由who,which引导的特殊疑问句时

Whoisthemanthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?

WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?

5）关系代词在定语从句中作表语时

FanBingbingisnolongerthesweetgirl（that）sheusedtobe.

MaYunisnottheman（that）heseems.

6）在way（指方法）后常用that代替how或inwhich结构

Thatwastheway（that）hedidit.

7）当先行词被thevery，theonly修饰时

Thisistheverygrammarbook（that）Iwanttobuy.

LiMingistheonlyonethatgotfullmarksinourclass.

Beautyistheonly（that）Emilycanbeproudof.

8）习惯用法中，that可以用作关系副词，代替（in，on，for）which以及when，where，why而且that也可以省略。

Thewaythat（inwhich）youlookattheproblemiswrong.

Ineverforgettheday（when,that,onwhich）Iwenttoschool20yearsago.

Doyouknowanywhere（that,where）Icangetadrink?

I’dliketoknowthereason（that,why,forwhich）youwon’tcome.

3.只用who的情况

1）先行词those指人时

Thosewhowerenotfitfortheirworkcouldnotseethebeautifulclothesmadeofthemagiccloth.

Thosewhowanttogothereraiseyourhands.

2）在therebe/live结构中先行词指人时

Thereisayoungmanoutsidewhoasksforyou.

Therearemanyyoungmenwhoareagainsthim.

Therelivedakingwhowaskindtohispeople.

3）先行词为指人的不定代词one,anyone,noone,all,nobody,anybody,none等。

Onewhohasnothingtofearforoneselfdarestotellthetruth.

Anyonewhobrokethewindowwouldbepunished.

Weshouldlearnfromtheonewhobenefitsus.

Don’ttellanyoneaboutthesecretwhooughtn’ttoknow.

Iwastheonlypersoninmyofficewhowasinvited.

***选用关系副词不能光看先行词是否表示时间地点和原因，还得分析从句谓语动词与先行词之间的关系。

如果关系词在从句中作主语或者宾语，则仍须用关系代词which或that。

Wewillneverforgetthedaywhichwespenttogether.

Thatisthereasonwhichhegaveusforhisaction.

4.as引导的定语从句

1）as引导限制性定语从句时，先行词常用such,same修饰，as在从句中不能省略

Heusedsuchexpressionashecouldfindinthetexts.

Theystayedforthenightinthesameroomastheyhadoncerented.

2）as引导非限制性定语从句时，as代表整个主句的意义，定语从句在主句中的位置比较灵活。

Heisateacher,asisclearfromhismanner.

Taiwan,asisknowntoeveryone,ispartofChina.

复习名词性从句，状语从句后，再比较他们与定语从句的区别和易混淆的地方。

请大家积极思考！

V、英语定语从句专项练习

1.单项填空

1．Ithinkyou’regottothepoint_______achangeisneeded,otherwiseyou’llfail.

A.when                   B.that               C.where            D.which

2．Thehours_______thechildrenspendintheirone-wayrelationshipwithtelevisionpeopleundoubtedlyaffecttheirrelationshipswithreal-lifepeople.

A.when                   B.that             C.inwhich            D.onwhich

3．Manypeoplewhohadseenthefilmwereafraidtogototheforestwhentheyrememberedthescenes________peoplewereeatenbythetiger.

A.that                B.bywhich           C.which               D.inwhich

4．Thereweredirtymarksonhertrousers______shehadwipedherhands.

A.where              B.which        C.when                D.that

5．______isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.

A.Which             B.When        C.What                 D.As

6．______isreportedinthenewspaper,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.

A.It                    B.As                 C.That              D.What

7．Therearemanypeople_________onlyon-lineactivityissendingandreceivinge-mails.

A.who                B.that             C.which               D.whose

8．EBay,AmazonandWal-Martarepopularwebsites_______peoplecansellgoodstoeachother.

A.where         B.which        C.when          D.whose

9．Onhis10thbirthday,Martymanagestoescapefromthezooandgetsontothesubway,_____hebelievesthathecangotothewild.

A.which                             B.fromwhat           C.throughwhich                    D.that

10．Ihope________thelittle_____Ihavebeenabletodohasbeenofsomeuse.

A.that;that        B./;bywhich    C.what;what           D./;withwhich

11．Thefarmersusewoodtobuildahouse______tostoregrainsalltheyeararound.

A.withwhich    B.towhich    C.which    D.inwhich

12．Thiswasafilm_________Spielbergusedrealactorsinsteadoftoys.

A.which                   B.when              C.inwhich            D.there

13．Thethoughtofgoinghometohisfamilywasall______kepthimhappywhilehewasworkingabroad.

A.that         B.what        C.those       D.which

14．Acontainerweighsmoreafterairisputin_____provesthatairhasweight.

A.as        B.it         C.that       D.which

15．—CanyoutellmewherePeterlives?

—Overthere.Thetwostoreyhouse,_____thereisagarden.

A.nearit                   B.fromwhich      C.infrontofit            D.infrontofwhich 

16．MissGreentookupthestoryatthepoint______thethiefhadjustmadeoffwiththejewels.

A.where                      B.which            C.as                         D.when

17．—Whydoesshealwaysaskyouforhelp?

—Thereisnooneelse_______,isthere?

A.whototurnto           B.shecanturnto           C.forwhomtoturn                D.forhertoturn

18．Theyearbeforelast,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods,from_____effectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.

A.that                B.whose              C.those              D.what

19．Nowadaysteenagersliketogotofastfoodrestaurants,___asthenamesuggests,eatingdoesn’ttakemuchtime.

A.who                 B.where             C.which             D.what

20．LaterIwanttoreturnhomebutcouldn’tfindacompany________Icoulduse_____Ihadlearnt.

A.where;that                B.where;what            C.when;what                       D.that;that

21．Governmentreports,legalpapersandmostbusinesslettersarethemainsituations________Englishisused.

A.when                   B.that                C.how               D.where

22．Wehopethemeasurestocontrolhouseprices，__________aretakenbythegovernment，willsucceed.

A.as                 B.when             C.since               D.after

23．Theboytheteachersconsidered_______failedinthefinalexam,surprisedthemverymuch.

A.tobethebest；which                           B.asthebeststudent；that      

C.tohavebeenstudyingwell；it              D.suchasagoodstudent；which

24．Thepresident,togetherwithhisbodyguards,_______tothenuclearstation_______t