第一讲 定语从句教师版7份.docx

1、第一讲 定语从句教师版 7份第一讲 定语从句I. 关系代词引导的定语从句。1.在定语从句中能作主语的关系代词有 who， that，which。 其中，who用于指人，which用于指物，that既可以指人又可以指物。The man who is shaking hands with my father is a police man.A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of the words.English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these

2、years.An architect is a person who/that designs houses and buildings.2. 在定语从句中能作宾语的关系代词有who， whom，which，that。 其中who，whom，用于指人，which用于指物，that既可以指人又可以指物。There are some people (whom/who) we like and others (whom/who) we dislike.Mr. Carter, whom I spoke to on the phone last night, is very interested in

3、our plan.The suit (which/that) the tailor made for me doesnt fit me.3.在定语从句中能作定语的关系代词有whose或the+n+of+which/whomThis is the scientist whose name is known all over the country.He lives in the room whose door is green.=He lives in the room the door of which is green.4.介词如果在定语从句的句首时，作宾语的关系代词只能用whom或whic

4、h，且不能省略。The man with whom you shook hands just now is the head of our department.This is the book to which I referred in my talk.*这类从句中的介词也可放在从句的末尾，这时关系代词可以省略。The situation (which) we had got into was very dangerous.The man (whom) we sent the present to is a doctor of laws.5.其他关系代词as 和but1） as既可以单独引

5、导定语从句，又可以与主句中的the same或such相呼应，从句中的谓语动词常常省略。we jumped for joy at the news, as was natural.We do the same work as they (do).He is not the same man as he was.*一些固定说法：as is known to all; as has been said before; as is often the case; as maybe imagines; as has been pointed out; as often happens2)but 作关系

6、词只能引导限制性定语从句，同具有否定意义的主句连用，相当于thatnot, whonot或whichnot.There is not single student in my class but would like to study more.There are very few but are against war.II.关系副词引导的定语从句引导定语从句的关系副词有when，where，或why等。When，where，why分别在定语从句中作状语，在意义上相当于“介词+which”。1. 关系副词whenFrom the time when he was little, he had

7、 known what he wanted to be when he grew up.He came last night when I was out.2. 关系副词whereThe place where I met her was railway situation.I recently went back to the town where I was born.3.关系副词whyI dont know the reason why she looks unhappy today.The reason why he was punished is unknown to us.III.

8、限制性和非限制性定语从句1. 限制性定语从句（限制性定语从句不能省掉，否则句子就不完整或失去意义。）This is the boy who broke the window.I have a book which teaches English grammar.2.非限制性定语从句。（只是作一些附加说明，不起限制性作用，这类从句往往用逗号与主句分开。）I, who am your friend, will share the work with you.New Concept English is intended for foreign students, which is known to

9、 us all.IV.关系代词和关系副词的选用1. 只用which不用that的情况1) 引导非限制性定语从句时Bamboo is hollow, which makes it very light.2) 当关系代词前有介词时The room in which my family live used to be a garage.3) 当先行词本身为that时That which you told him about is what we want to know.*关系词在定语从句中有三大作用连接作用连接先行词和定语从句。I gave her all the money that I had

10、.替代作用在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。The man who lives next door is a famous teacher.成分作用在定语从句作主语、宾语、定语或状语。I like pictures which are painted in the traditional Chinese style.2. 只用that不用which的情况1）先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时The first place that we visited was the Great Wall.This is the best film that has ever been made.2) 当

11、先行词为everything, anything, nothing, all, none, few, little等词时， 或当现行词被every, all, any, some,few, little, much等词修饰时。Everything that they said was true.There was little that we could do to help her.Is there anything (that) I can do for you?3)当先行词为人和物时They talked about persons and things that they rememb

12、ered in the school.The boy and his dog that were believed to be lost in the wood were rescued this morning.4）主句是由who,which引导的特殊疑问句时Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there?Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?5)关系代词在定语从句中作表语时FanBingbing is no longer the sweet girl (that) she used to

13、 be.MaYun is not the man (that) he seems.6)在way（指方法）后常用that代替how或in which结构That was the way (that) he did it.7)当先行词被the very，the only修饰时This is the very grammar book (that) I want to buy.Li Ming is the only one that got full marks in our class.Beauty is the only (that) Emily can be proud of.8)习惯用法中，

14、that 可以用作关系副词，代替（in，on，for）which以及when，where，why而且that也可以省略。The way that (in which ) you look at the problem is wrong.I never forget the day (when, that, on which) I went to school 20years ago.Do you know anywhere (that, where) I can get a drink?Id like to know the reason (that, why, for which)you w

15、ont come.3.只用who的情况1）先行词those指人时Those who were not fit for their work could not see the beautiful clothes made of the magic cloth.Those who want to go there raise your hands.2)在there be/live结构中先行词指人时There is a young man outside who asks for you.There are many young men who are against him.There live

16、d a king who was kind to his people.3）先行词为指人的不定代词one, anyone, no one, all, nobody, anybody, none等。One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth.Anyone who broke the window would be punished.We should learn from the one who benefits us.Dont tell anyone about the secret who oughtnt t

17、o know.I was the only person in my office who was invited.*选用关系副词不能光看先行词是否表示时间地点和原因，还得分析从句谓语动词与先行词之间的关系。如果关系词在从句中作主语或者宾语，则仍须用关系代词which或that。We will never forget the day which we spent together.That is the reason which he gave us for his action.4.as 引导的定语从句1）as引导限制性定语从句时，先行词常用such, same修饰，as在从句中不能省略H

18、e used such expression as he could find in the texts.They stayed for the night in the same room as they had once rented.2)as引导非限制性定语从句时，as代表整个主句的意义，定语从句在主句中的位置比较灵活。He is a teacher, as is clear from his manner.Taiwan, as is known to everyone, is part of China.复习名词性从句，状语从句后，再比较他们与定语从句的区别和易混淆的地方。请大家积极思

19、考！V、英语定语从句专项练习1.单项填空1I think youre got to the point_ a change is needed, otherwise youll fail.A. when B. that C. where D. which2The hours _ the children spend in their one-way relationship with television people undoubtedly affect their relationships with real-life people.A. when B. that C. in which

20、 D. on which3Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes_ people were eaten by the tiger.A. that B. by whichC. whichD. in which4There were dirty marks on her trousers _ she had wiped her hands.A. where B. which C. when D. that5_ is often the case

21、, we have worked out the production plan.A. Which B. When C. What D. As6_ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress.A. It B. As C. That D. What7There are many people_ only on-line activity is sending and receiving e-mails.A. who B. that C. which D. whose8EBay,

22、 Amazon and Wal-Mart are popular websites_ people can sell goods to each other.A. where B. which C. when D. whose9On his 10th birthday, Marty manages to escape from the zoo and gets onto the subway, _he believes that he can go to the wild.A. which B. from whatC. through which D. that10I hope_the lit

23、tle _I have been able to do has been of some use.A. that;that B./;by whichC. what;what D./;with which11The farmers use wood to build a house_to store grains all the year around.A. with whichB. to whichC. whichD. in which12This was a film_ Spielberg used real actors instead of toys.A. which B. when C

24、. in which D. there13The thought of going home to his family was all_ kept him happy while he was working abroad.A. that B. what C. those D. which14A container weighs more after air is put in_ proves that air has weight.A. asB. itC. thatD. which15Can you tell me where Peter lives?Over there. The two

25、 storey house, _there is a garden.A. near it B. from whichC. in front of it D. in front of which16Miss Green took up the story at the point _the thief had just made off with the jewels.A. where B. whichC. as D. when17Why does she always ask you for help?There is no one else_, is there?A. who to turn

26、 toB. she can turn toC. for whom to turn D.for her to turn18The year before last, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from _effects the people are still suffering.A. that B. whose C. those D. what19Nowadays teenagers like to go to fast food restaurants, _ as the name suggests, eating doesnt

27、 take much time.A. who B. where C. which D. what20Later I want to return home but couldnt find a company _I could use_ I had learnt.A. where; that B. where; whatC. when; what D. that; that21Government reports, legal papers and most business letters are the main situations _ English is used.A. when B

28、. that C. how D. where22We hope the measures to control house prices，_ are taken by the government，will succeed.A. as B. when C. since D. after23The boy the teachers considered _ failed in the final exam, surprised them very much.A. to be the best；whichB. as the best student；thatC. to have been studying well；it D. such as a good student；which24The president, together with his bodyguards, _ to the nuclear station _ t