中考英语专题复习介词.docx

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中考英语专题复习介词.docx

中考英语专题复习介词

专题:

介词

尹会敏

教学目标:

一.了解介词考察趋势。

二.了解介词的定义和分类。

三.学习并且掌握介词的用法和解题技巧。

四.掌握一些固定的介词短语搭配。

重点:

学习并且掌握介词的用法。

难点:

介词解题技巧。

教学过程

1.介词的功能

介词是一种虚词,用来表示名词或相当于名词的其它词语句中其它词的关系,不能单独使用。

介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。

介词短语可在句中作定语,状语,表语和宾语补足语。

例如:

TheboyoverthereisJohn’sbrother.(定语)

Thegirlwillbebackintwohours. (状语)

OurEnglishteacherisfromAustralia.(表语)

Helpyourselftosomefish.  (宾语补足语)

2.常用介词的用法辨析

(1)表时间的介词

1)at,inon

表示时间点用at。

例如:

atsixo’clock,atnoon,atmidnight。

表示在某个世纪,某年,某月,某个季节以及早晨,上午,下午,晚上时,用in。

例如:

inthenineteenthcentury,in2002,inMay,inwinter,inthemorning,intheafternoon等。

表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午,下午,晚上时,用on。

例如:

onMonday,onJuly1st,onSundaymorning,onacoldmorning等。

2) since,after

由since和after引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开始的时段,但since词组表示的时段一直延续到说话的时刻,因而往往要与现在完成时连用。

而after词组所表示的时段纯系过去,因而要与一般过去时连用。

例如:

Ihaven’theardfromhimsincelastsummer.

Afterfivedaystheboycame back.

3) in,after

in与将来时态连用时,表示“过多长时间以后”的意思,后面跟表示一段时间的词语。

After与将来时态连用时,后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。

After与过去时态连用时,后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。

例如:

Hewillbebackintwomonths.

Hewillarriveafterfouro’clock.

Hereturnedafteramonth.

(2)表示地点的介词

1)at,in,on

at一般指小地方;in一般指大地方或某个范围之内;on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。

例如:

HearrivedinShanghaiyesterday.

Theyarrivedatasmallvillagebeforedark.

Thereisabigholeinthewall.

Theteacherputupapictureonthewall.

2) over,above,on

over,on和above都可表示“在……上面”,但具体含义不同。

Over表示位置高于某物,在某物的正上方,其反义词是under。

above也表示位置高于某物,但不一定在正上方,其反义词是below。

On指两个物体表面接触,一个在另一的上面。

例如:

Thereisabridgeovertheriver.

Weflewabovetheclouds.

   Theyputsomeflowersontheteacher’sdesk.

3) across,through

across和through均可表示“从这一边到另一边”,但用法不同。

Across的含义与on有关,表示动作在某一物体的表面进行。

Through的含义与in有关,表示动作是在三维空间进行。

例如:

Thedogranacrossthegrass.

Theboyswamacrosstheriver.

 Theywalkedthroughtheforest.

  Ipushedthroughthecrowds.

4)infrontof,inthefrontof

infrontof表示“在某人或某物的前面”,在某个范围以外;inthefrontof表示“在……的前部”,在某个范围以内。

例如:

Therearesometalltreesinfrontofthebuilding.

Theteacherissittinginthefrontoftheclassroom.

3.介词的固定搭配

   介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系。

记住这种固定搭配关系,才能正确使用介词。

(1)介词与动词的搭配

listento,laughat,getto,lookfor,waitfor,hearfrom,turnon,turnoff,worryabout,thinkof,lookafter,spend…on…,等。

(2)介词与名词的搭配

ontime,intime,bybus,onfoot,withpleasure,onone’swayto,introuble,atbreakfast,attheendof,intheend等。

(3)介词与形容词的搭配

belatefor,beafraidof,begoodat,beinterestedin,beangrywith,befullof,besorryfor等。

基础训练

1.You’dbetternotgo_______theforest.It’sdangerous.

2.Whichroomareyougoingtolive______?

3.Thebuildingis______fire.Therearesomepeople______the topfloor.

4.Before1990therewasnoairline_______thetwocities.

5.It’snotgoodtocomelate_______school.

6.What’swrong_______yourbike?

7.Thankyouverymuch_______comingtoseeme.

8.Icouldn’tfinishit_______yourhelp.

9.Don’tlaugh_______others’mistakes.

10.Dothetwinslook_______theirfather?

11.–Howdoyouusuallycometoschooleveryday?

-Sometimes_______bike,sometimes_______foot.

12.It’sverykind_______youtohelpme_______mymaths.

13.Don’tread_______thesun.It’sbad________youreyes.

14.Theteachertoldusthemoontravels________theearth.

15.Youmustlearnthesewords_______heart,andanswermyquestions____English.

16.Pleasemeetyouruncle______noon______Saturday.

17.Thanks______yourhelp.Ifinishedtheworkbeforedark.

18.It’scoldandthetemperatureis________zeroduringthenight.

19.Theteacheriswriting______redink_______apieceofpaper.

20.Thechildrenarewaiting_______thegate_______theirmother.

中考链接

1.Therearetwoclasses_____Wednesdayafternoon.(99南京) A.at B.in C.on D.to

2.ThisprogrammewassenttotheUSA_____China______satellite.(99辽宁)

A.in;ofB.of;inC.from;byD.by;from

3.Thevisitors_____Japanarrived______BeijingStationlastTuesdaymorning. 

A.from;atB.of;toC.from;toD.of;on(99江西)

4.Herearesomepresents______you______ourbestwishes.(99安徽)

A.to;withB.for;withC.of;aboutD.for;for

5.Lilyaskedherbrother,Mike,nottobeangry___her. (99兰州)A.inB.toC.withD.for

6.Iseveryoneheregood_____dancing?

(99昆明) 

A.atB.onC.toD.for

7.Theyarrived_____Guangzhou______themorningofMay25.(98广州)

A.at;inB.in;inC.in;onD.at;during

8.Childrenareoftentoldnottoplay______fire.(98上海) 

A.onB.forC.withD.under

9.Noonecanstopher_____goingaway.(98河北) 

A.ofB.fromC.toD.outof

10.Theerasergoes______onestudent______another.(98福州)

A.from;forB.from;tillC.from;afterD.from;to

11.You’llgetanicepresent_____yourparents_____yourbirthday. 

A.from;onB.for;atC.from;inD.of;during

12.Let’swait____her_____thecornerofthestreet. 

A.on;onB.for;inC.at;atD.for;at

13.Look!

Thetwomenare______trouble.Theyarecalling______help.

A.with;forB.in;forC.under;atD.into;out

14.Theboyfilledthebottle______somemilk.Nowit’sfull______milk.

A.with;withB.of;withC.with;ofD.off;without

15.Motheralwaystalks_____herfriends_____thephone______weekend.

A.with;on;atB.to;with;onC.about;on;throughD.of;by;at

16.–Whendidhelendthedictionary_____you?

-Iborrowedit_____himthedaybeforeyesterday.

A.from;toB.to;byC.to;fromD.on;outof

17.UncleWanglives_____afarm,butheworks______afactory.

A.in;inB.to;inC.in;atD.on;in

18.Shecameuptome,_____asmile_____herface.

A.with;inB.like;onC.with;onD.without;at

19.Hewantedtoask_____somebooks______music.

A.for;inB.about;ofC.for;onD.about;about

20.Hisschoolisfar_____hishome,butnear______mine.

A.from;toB.from;fromC.to;toD.to;from

△综合型

1.Thebridge_____theriverismade______bigstone.

A.on;fromB.over;ofC.above;inD.of;into

2.Hestayed_____hisuncle’s_____aweek.

A.in;forB.with;tillC.at;forD.for;about

3.Ican’tswim_____theriver_____apieceofwood.

A.across;withoutB.through;withC.over;onD.in;by

4.Thedesk_____theteacheris______theclassroom.

A.of;infrontB.to;infrontofC.at;beforeD.for;inthefrontof

5.Johncutthepear_____fourpieces______aknife.

A.in;byB.into;withC.with;byD.to;in

6.TheotherdayImetafriend_____mywaytoschool.

A.ofmeonB.ofmyonC.inD.ofmineon

7.It’seasy_____ustofinishthework_____time.

A.for;onB.of;inC.for;beforeD.of;at

8.We,Leaguemembers,shouldbestrict_____ourselves_____ourwork.

A.in;inB.with;withC.with;inD.in;with

9.Sheaskedmetosit_____herandhelpher_____Chinese.

A.between;atB.beside;withC.before;inD.on;of

10.LinTaoansweredallthequestions_____thelastone_____usual.

A.except;asB.beside;asC.except;onD.but;in

11.Jim’sgone______Englandwithhisfamilyandhewon’tbeback_____Monday.

A.for;onB.to;atC.for;tillD.to;until

12.____ChristmasEve,childrenalloverBritainputastocking____theendoftheirbedsbeforetheygotosleep.

A.At;byB.During;inC.On;atD.In;before

13.Isthegirl_____red_____dutytoday?

 A.with;onB.on;forC.of;atD.in;on

14._____afewyears’time,itwillbecovered_____manythousandsoftrees.

A.In;withB.After;byC.In;onD.After;over

15.Manyoldthings_____showwereused_____keepingteahot.

A.at;toB.on;forC.for;onD.in;as

16.Englishisspoken____afirstlanguage_____mostpeopleintheUSA.

A.by;asB.as;byC.for;ofD.like;in

17.Wevisitedhim_____hisworkplace_____theyoungtrees.

A.in;besideB.at;alongC.at;amongD.to;between

18.Itwillstopthesand_____moving_____therichfarmlandinthesouth.

A.from;towardsB.from;toC.into;towardsD.at;down

19.What’sthedifference_____asheepandagoat?

A.fromB.toC.betweenD.among

20.Theygot_____thefootofthemountainjustnow.

A.atB.inC.toD.off

21.Myfatherreturnedat10o’clock_____ofJune15.(2000重庆)

A.inthenightB.bythenightC.onthenightD.atnight

22.Heoftenmistakesme_____mybrother.(2000黑龙江) 

A.toB.asC.forD.with

23.ChinahasbuiltaGreatGreenWall_____thenorthernpart_____thecountry.

A.to;inB.across;ofC.across;onD.at;of(2000辽宁)

24.Thankyouverymuch_____lendingtheeraser______me.(2000河南)

A.for;atB.to;toC.for;toD.to;for

25.Sinceyouare______trouble,whynotask______help?

(2000安徽)

A.in;forB.in;toC.with;forD.with;to

26.Myauntarrivedhere_______awarmspringmorning.(2001哈尔滨)A.inB.atC.onD.by

27.Hisfatherhasbeen______Australia______1998.(2001汕头)

A.to;inB.in;sinceC.to;fromD.in;from

28.Mr.Blackwasangry______Jim_____laughing_______him.(2002汕头)

A. at;for;toB.for;with;onC.with;for;withD.with;for;at

(  )29.Whywereyourparentsangry_____youyesterdayevening?

 A.to B.on C.for D.with

(  )30.InEngland,peopleusuallycallmeTom_____short.

 A.for B.to C.on D.at

(  )31.-Whereareyoufrom?

      -I’mfromtheUSA,what_____you?

 A.for B.about C.in D.on

(  )32.Whosits_____themiddle_____theclassroom?

 A.at,of B.in,of C.on,in D.at,for

(  )5.Weusuallygotoschool_____Monday_____Friday.

 A.to,from B.from,on C.from,to D.on,to

(  )6.Heusuallyhasaneggandabottleofmilk_____breakfast.

 A.to B.on C.for D.of

(  )7.Pleaseturn_____allthelightsintheroom,orI’mafraid.

 A.down B.on C.for D.at

(  )8.

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