英语 高考英语阅读理解专项训练100附答案及解析.docx

英语 高考英语阅读理解专项训练100附答案及解析.docx

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英语高考英语阅读理解专项训练100附答案及解析

（英语）高考英语阅读理解专项训练100（附答案）及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   Toeatonlyavegan（素食的）dietmightsounddifficult,especiallywithmanypopulardishescontainingmeatorotheranimalproducts.Yetin2017,veganismwasdescribedas“thefastest-growinglifestylemovement”intheUK,accordingtoBBCnews.

   AstudybyaUKmarketresearchorganization,suggeststhatover542,000Britswentveganduringthepreviousdecade,anincreaseof360%.Andthemainforcebehindthisincreasewasthoseaged15-34yearsold—42%ofrecentvegansfallunderthatagerange.

   SowhyexactlyhasveganismbecomesopopularamongyoungBrits?

   Onereasoncouldbethatmanyyoungpeoplewanttoprotecttheenvironment,aslessmeatconsumptionisknowntobebeneficialtotheenvironment.Globalmeatmanufacturingisbelievedtocause18%oftheworld'sgreenhousegasemissions（排放）,evenmorethanthatofalltheworld'scars,trainsandplanescombined.Anotherreasonisthatmanyoftoday'syoungpeoplebelievethatit'swrongtokillanimalstobeusedasfood.

   JessMurray,22,astudentatUniversityCollegeLondon,saidthathechosetobecomeveganafterrealizingthateatinganimalsisachoicethatpeoplemake,ratherthansomethingthatweneedtodotosurvive.“Becomingveganwasanethical（道德的）decision,”hetoldtheGuardian.

   Socialmediaisalsobelievedtohavegivenrisetotheincreaseinveganism.PlatformssuchasFacebookallowyoungveganstoconnectwitheachothermucheasier,whileotherssuchasInstagramhaveledtothecreationof“vegancelebrities（名人）”,whosharelipsonveganlifestyles.

   Despitetherisingofveganism,LauraWyness,anexpertindietandnutrition,saidthatmeatisveryimportantforpeople'shealth.“Astrictvegandietmakesitdifficulttogetsomemineralsandvitaminsthatyourbodyneeds,”WynesstoldBBCnews.

   However,thepopularityofveganismdoesn'tseemtobefading.“Itfeelsmorelikethisissomethingthatissticking.”saidanexpertoftheVeganSociety,aUKcharitythatpromotesveganism.

（1）Whatcanwelearnaboutveganism,“thefastest-growinglifestylemovement”inUK?

A. Ithascreatedmanypopulardishes.               

B. Itisbackedupmainlybyoldpeople.

C. Ithasledtofurthermarketresearch.             

D. Ithasgrownsteeplyinthepast10years.

（2）ThefollowingmayaccountfortheincreaseinveganismEXCEPT       .

A. Youngpeoplepreferanenvironment-friendlylife.         

B. Youngpeoplewanttobecomeethicalcelebrities.

C. Mealmanufacturingcontributesalottotheworld'sgreenhousegas.         

D. Socialmediaallowtheveganmessagetospreadquicklyaround.

（3）Theunderlinedword“sticking”intheIasiparagraphisequalto       inmeaning.

A. important                           

B. special                           

C. lasting                           

D. impressive

（4）Whichofthefollowingwillserveasthebesttitleofthepassage?

A. YoungBritsGoingVegan                                

B. VeganismComesFirst

C. HowtoStartaVeganLifestyle                        

D. VeganismandtheEnvironment

【答案】

（1）D

（2）B

（3）C

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明，过去的十年里素食主义在英国增长迅猛。

这一增长的主要力量是那些年龄在15-34岁之间的年轻人。

其原因可能是由于肉类加工排放的热量大过世界上所有的汽车，火车和飞机的总和，他们认为杀死动物用作食物是不对，年轻人想要保护环境。

另外社会媒体的参与也导致了年轻的素食者的增加。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“AstudybyaUKmarketresearchorganization,suggeststhatover542,000Britswentveganduringthepreviousdecade,anincreaseof360%.”可知，英国市场研究表明，在过去的十年里，素食主义者的人数增长了360%，增长迅猛。

”故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第五段中的“Becomingveganwasanethical（道德的）decision,”他们认为素食是道德上的决定，及第六段可知，社交媒体也被认为导致了素食主义的增加的原因之一，因而出现了一些所谓的素食名人来分享他们的生活方式，可知素食主义者的增加不是因为他们想成为道德名人，而是分享素食主义让他们成为“名人”，这不是素质快速发展的原因，因此选B。

（3）考查词义猜测。

根据第六段中的“thepopularityofveganismdoesn'tseemtobefading.‘Itfeelsmorelikethisissomethingthatissticking.’”根据转折连词however可知，前后两句意义是相反的。

前面说“素食主义的流行似乎并没有消退”，因此可推断出后一句是反而会持续下去。

故sticking意为”持续”，可知，lasting“持久的，持续的”符合题意，故选C。

（4）考查主旨大意。

通读全文可知，本文主要讲述过去的十年里素食主义在英国增长迅猛。

这一增长的主要力量是那些年龄在15-34岁之间。

素食主义在英国的年轻人中非常流行的原因可能是年轻人想要保护环境，社会媒体的参与也导致了素食者的增加。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   TheUnitedStatesishometo562recognizedAmericanIndianNationseachwithitsownlanguage.

   Yetthenumberofnative.Americanswiththeabilitytospeaktheirtribe'slanguagehasdecreasedoverthepastcentury.

   Now,IndianNationsaretryingdifferentwaystoexpandthenumberofnativespeakers,andincreaseinterestintheircommunitiestolearntriballanguages.

   Sincethelate1800smanyAmericanIndianchildrenhaveattendedboardingschools.Atthattime,Indianchildrenwererequiredtoattendschoolsbylaw,andthegovernmentforcedIndianfamiliestosendtheirchildrentosuchschools.

   Thechildrenwereseparatedfromtheirfamilies.andgivenEnglishnameTheteachersoftentaughtnativeAmericanstudentsinEnglish,insteadofthelanguageoftheirparents.TheyweretoldtheyneededtolearnEnglishinordertogetajob,earnmoneyandbuyahouseornicethings.

   However,fearingalossofhistoryandculture,theIndianNationsareexperimentingwithnewwaystoincreasethelanguageabilityoftribalmembers.

   Atleastoneorganizationisturningtomoderntechnology---TheSealaskaHeritageInstitute,anonprofitgroup,hasdevelopedtwoappsforspeakersoftheTlingitlanguage.

   The"LearningTlingit"appservesasareferenceforimportantlanguagetopicssuchasconversationphrases,number,andletters.

   TheTlingittribehasabout10,000members.TheylivemainlyinsoutheasternAlaska.Butasof2013,thetribehadonly125nativespeakersleft.inaddition,veryfewyoungpeopleareabletospeakTlingit.

   Currentlytherearetwoapps,called"LearningTlingit"and"TlingitLanguageGames".The"LearningTlingit"appservesasalanguageguide.ItprovidesTlingitwordsandexpressions,thetribalalphabet,aswellasabasiclistofthewordsincluded.Withthe"TlingitLanguageGames"app,usersaregivenachoiceofdifferentplacesofenvironments,likeahouse,forestorocean.

（1）WhatistheproblemthenativeAmericansarefacingnow?

A.ThenumberofnativeAmericanshasbeenincreasing.

B.FewerandfewernativeAmericansspeaktheirownlanguage.

C.Theirnativelanguagehasbeenextinct.

D.It'shardtoincreasetheinterestofhearingnativelanguages.

（2）WhatwillbetheresultifmoreandmorenativeAmericansonlyspeakEnglish?

A.Theywillgetbetterjobsandhigherpay.

B.TheywillteachtheirownchildrentospeakEnglish.

C.Theywilllosetheirhistoryandculture.

D.Theywillgetalongwellwiththegovernment.

（3）WhatcanweknowaboutTlingit?

A.Itcanhelpthenativepeopleknowsomelanguagetopics.

B.Itcanhelpthe:

nativepeopleearnmoneyandbuya.houseornicethings

C.Itisaverypopularappamongthenativespeakers

D.Itisanativelanguagespokenbyfewerthan200people.

（4）Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.AmericanIndiantribes'effortstoincreasenativespeakers.

B.ReasonsforthedisappearanceofsomeAmericanIndianlanguages.

C.Waystohelpthenativetribesleadatraditionallife.

D.Thepopularityofthelanguagelearningapps.

【答案】

（1）B

（2）C

（3）D

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，美国的印第安人正在使用新的方法来增加本族语言的使用，否则，他们的本族语言将面临严重的危机。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Yetthenumberofnative.Americanswiththeabilitytospeaktheirtribe'slanguagehasdecreasedoverthepastcentury.”但是能说他们本族语言的本地美国人的数量在过去的一个世纪中已将减少。

可知，会说本族语的美国土著的人数在过去的一个多世纪中已经减少了，故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第六段中的“However,fearingalossofhistoryandculture,theIndianNationsareexperimentingwithnewwaystoincreasethelanguageabilityoftribalmembers.”然而，害怕失去自己的 历史和文化，许多印第安部落尝试新的方法来提升族人的本族语使用能力。

可知，如果越来越多的族人只说英语，他们将会失去自己的历史和文化。

故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第九段中的“TheTlingittribehasabout10,000members.TheylivemainlyinsoutheasternAlaska.Butasof2013,thetribehadonly125nativespeakersleft.”特林吉特部落有大约一万人。

他们主要居住在阿拉斯加东南部。

但是就2013年的统计，这个部落只有125人可以说自己民族的语言，可知，现在仅仅有不到两百人可以说这种语言了，故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。

本文前六段描述了美国印第安人在民族语言方面面临的处境以及这一处境引起的担忧，最后四段提出了针对这一问题的解决方案：

美国的印第安人正在使用新的方法（app）来增加本族语使用人数。

选项A中efforts能凸显人们这一问题的担心及在努力寻求解决方案方面所做的努力。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   Everybody,atsomepointintheirlives,hasexperiencedfailure.Itcouldbesomethingassimpleasnotgettingthejobyouwanted,orgettingfewermarksevenafterhardwork.Butwhatmakesyouisnotyourfailure,buthowyougetbackupafterbeinghit.

   Once,ayoungschoolboywascaughtinafireaccidentinhisschoolandwasassumedthathewouldnotlive.Hismotherwastoldthathewassuretodie,fortheterriblefirehaddestroyedthelowerhalfofhisbody.Evenifheweretosurvive,hewouldbelamethroughouthislife.

   Butthebraveboydidnotwanttodienordidhewanttobelame. Muchtotheamazementofthedoctor,hedidsurvive.Butunfortunatelyfromhiswaistdown,hehadnomotorability.Histhinlegsjusthungthere,lifeless.Eventuallyheleftthehospital.Buthisdeterminationtowalkwasunshakable.Athome,whenhewasnotinbed,hehadtostayinawheelchair.Oneday,hethrewhimselffromthechairandpulledhimselfacrossthegrass,dragginghislegsbehindhim.Hereachedthefence,raisedhimselfupandthenbegandragginghimselfalongthefence,firmlydetermined.Hedidthiseveryday,withfaithinhimselfthathewouldbeabletowalkunaided.Withhisirondetermination,hediddeveloptheabilitytostandup,thentowalkonandoff,thentowalkbyhimselfandthentorun.

   Hebegantowalktoschool,andthenruntoschool,torunforthejoyofrunning.Laterincollegehewasonthetrackteam.

   InFebruary1934,inNewYorkC