高考书面表达写作指导.docx
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高考书面表达写作指导
高考书面表达指导
一.分值
分值为25分。
二.答题参考时间
答题时间为25分钟。
三.写作要求
要求考生根据所给情景用英语写一篇150个单词左右的短文。
情景的形式包括图表、图画、提纲、信函、短文等。
考生应能:
(1)根据特定的语境准确使用英语语法,选用恰当的词汇;
(2)使用一定的句型、词汇,清楚、连贯地传递信息和表达思想。
四.情景示例
1、图表
示例1:
2014届苏北四市第一次模拟考试书面表达
爱默生说“人生最美丽的补偿之一,就是人们真诚地帮助别人之后,同时也帮助了自己。
”请你参考下图及右侧调查结果,以“HelpingOthersIsHelpingOurselves”为标题,用英语写一篇短文。
短文应该包括以下内容:
1.简要描述图画及图表的内容;
2.阐述献血的意义;
3.结合自身实际,谈谈你该做点什么。
注意:
1.根据文字及图片提示,可作适当的发挥;
2.短文词数150左右,开头已给出,不计入总词数。
3.短文中不得提及有关考生的任何信息,如校名、人名等。
HelpingOthersisHelpingOurselves
Emersononcesaid,“Itisoneofthemostbeautifulcompensationsoflifethatnomancansincerelytrytohelpanotherwithouthelpinghimself.”
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Apossibleversion:
Emersononcesaid,“Itisoneofthemostbeautifulcompensationsoflifethatnomancansincerelytrytohelpanotherwithouthelpinghimself.”
Asisshownintheleftpicture,morebloodmeansmorelife.However,wearedisappointedtoseeintherightpiechartthatonly55percentofthepeoplearewillingtodonatetheirbloodwhile34%arenot.Another11%evensaytheyareindifferenttoit.
Recentlymanyhospitalsneedblooddesperately.Ifwedonateourbloodactively,wemaynotonlyhelpthepersonwhoneedsitbutalsorealizeourself-value.Meanwhile,whenweneedblood,otherswillreachouttheirhands.Besides,helpingothersisatraditionalChinesevirtue,oursmallactofkindnessmakesagreatdifferencetopeopleinneedandeventransformstheirlives.
Personally,I’llmakegreateffortstohelppeoplearoundmeandI’lldonatemypocketmoneytoProjectHopetohelpstudentsinpovertysothattheycanreceiveanequalchanceofeducation.Plus,Iamwillingtodonatemybloodifpossible.
2、图画
示例2:
2014年高考考纲英语书面表达示例2(2013年高考英语试卷书面表达)
请根据你对以下两幅图的理解,以“ActionsSpeakLouderthanWords”为题,用英语写一篇作文。
参考词汇:
banner(横幅)stump(树桩)
你的作文应包括以下内容:
1.简要描述两幅图的内容;
2.概述你对两幅图中不同做法的理解;
3.举例说明两幅图对你的启示。
注意:
1.可参照图片适当发挥;
2.作文词数150左右;
3.作文中不得提及有关考生个人身份的任何信息,如校名、人名等。
Apossibleversion:
ActionsSpeakLouderthanWords
PeoplecelebrateEarthDaydifferently.InPicture1,amanistryingtoputupabanneronalonelytreesurroundedbystumps,butinvain,whilePicture2showsacouplehappilyplantingtrees.
Themessageconveyedhereisclear:
“Actionsspeakerlouderthanwords.”Ourearthissufferingseveredamage.Shouldwejustpaylipserviceortakepracticalmeasurestoprotectit?
Theanswerisdefinitelythelatter.Immediateactionsshouldbetaken,likestoppingcuttingdowntrees,tobettertheenvironment.
Actionsareimportantinotherfields,too.Insteadofshoutingemptyslogans,itismoremeaningfultodonatebooksandsportsgoodstochildreninneed.Weshouldstrictlyandvoluntarilyfollowtrafficrules,stoppingattheredlightratherthancomplainingabouttrafficjams.Onlywhenwematchourwordswithactionscanwemakeadifferenceinwhateverwehopetoaccomplish.
3、提纲
示例3:
2014年高考考纲英语书面表达示例1(2012年高考英语试卷书面表达)
生活中冲突时有发生。
假设你班同学苏华和李江打篮球时发生争执,导致关系紧张。
请你结合此事,并根据以下提示,用英语写一篇短文,向学校英文报“HappyTeens”专栏投稿。
简要描述事情的经过
打篮球、碰撞、争执,等等
分析发生冲突的原因
1.遇事不够冷静
2.……
谈谈避免冲突的做法
(请考生根据自己的经历或感想,提出至少两种做法)
注意:
1.对所有要点逐一陈述,适当发挥,不要简单翻译。
2.词数150左右。
开头已经写好,不计入总词数。
3.作文中不得提及有关考生个人身份的任何信息,如校名、人名等。
Apossibleversion:
Conflictswithothersarecommonineverydaylife.Duringthebasketballgameyesterdayafternoon,SuHuaandLiJiangbumpedintoeachother,tryingtocatchtheball.Thentheystarted
shoutingandyelling,anditturnedintoahorriblequarrel.
Tobehonest,itwasSu’sfaultbutLiwasalsotoblame—theywerenotcalmenoughandbothsaidsomereallymeanthings.Theycaredtoomuchaboutwinningandlosing.Asamatteroffact,blocking,pushingandbumpingarejustpartofatoughgame.
Toavoidsuchconflicts,weshouldbekindtooneanother,whichisessentialtoenjoyinga
harmoniouslife.Itisalsoavirtuetoforgiveandforget,especiallyinsuchacompetitiveand
stressfulsociety.Insteadofblamingeachother,weshouldcommunicatemoreandputourselvesinothers’place.
Don’tbeself-centeredandtrytobeconsiderate.Wemustlearntohandleconflictscalmlyand
wisely.
4、信函
示例4:
苏锡常镇2011届高三第一次英语模拟考试书面表达
认真阅读LiHua写给SuHua的信。
假设你是SuHua,请根据信中的具体内容给LiHua回复。
注意:
开头和结尾已经写好,词数150左右。
DearSuHua,
Ineedyourhelp.Inlastweek’soralEnglishCompetition,Iwasaskedthisquestion,“:
Ifyouareaskedtodonateanhoureveryday,whatwouldyoudoandwhy?
”IjustrepliedthatIwouldusethehourtorelaxmyselfaswehavebeenworkingveryhardinschoolandthatIwouldusethehourtolearntoplaythepianoasithasbeenmychildhooddream.
However,thejudgescommentedthatmyanswertothequestionwasnottothepoint.Asaresult,Ididn’tgettheawardasexpected.
Canyoutellmewhymyanswerwasnottothepoint?
Howwillyouanswerthequestion?
Lookforwardtohearingfromyou.
Bestwishes,
LiHua
APossibleversion:
DearLiHua,
Thankyouforyouremailaboutthequestion“Ifyouareaskedtodonateanhoureveryday,whatwouldyoudoandwhy?
”Iagreewiththejudgesthatyouranswerisnottothepoint.
Fromyourreply,Icanseeyoumisunderstandtheword“donate”,whichhassomethingtodowithhelpingothers.Youmaygettothepointifthequestionisputlikethis:
“Ifyoucanspendanhoureverydayhelpingothers,whatwouldyoudoandwhy?
”
IfIwereyou,Iwouldanswerthequestionlikethis.
“IfIamaskedtodonateanhoureveryday,Iwilldotwothings.First,Iwillspendhalfanhourwalkingaroundtheschool,pickinguprubbish.Asstudentsweallwishtoliveandstudyinacleanenvironment.Second,Iwilluseanotherhalfanhourtohelpmyneighbor’ssonwithhislessonsbecausehisparentsaretoobusytodoso.Bydoingthis,Inotonlyhelpothers,butalsobenefitalot.”
Ihopemyanswerwillbeofsomehelptoyou.
Bestwishes,
SuHua
5、短文
示例5:
2014年高考考纲英语书面表达示例3
阅读下面短文,然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
Tomanypeopleeventheword“work”soundsunpleasant,notnecessarilybecausetheyarelazy.Thesameman,whodislikeshisjobinthefactoryorevenintheoffice,mayworkhardattheweekend,paintingthehouseordiggingthegarden.
Whatisthereason,then?
Inmostcases,itisbecausethesepeoplesimplydonotenjoythejobtheyaredoing.Itdoesnotgivethemanyrealsatisfaction.Itmaybequiteeasy,likemakingupwoodenboxes,butitisveryboring.Veryoftentheyaredoingajobwhichisjustasmallpartofamuchlargerone,suchasattachingadoorhandletoacar.Buttheparttheyplayinactuallymakingthecarissosmallthattheycanneversay:
Ihavemadesomething!
Yetinmodernsocietysomebodyhastodoordinaryjobssuchascleaningstreetsbecausethisisthewaysocietyisorganized.Nomatterhowordinaryajobis,itplaysapartinsocietyandthereforedeserveourduerespect.Societycannotfunctionasingledaywithoutthe“dullandboring”jobs.
[写作内容]
1.以约30个词概括上文的主要内容。
2.以约120个词谈谈你对平凡工作的想法,内容包括:
(1)描述清洁工工作的艰辛。
(2)假如没有清洁工,环境会变得如何?
(3)你对平凡工作的看法。
[写作要求]
1.作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事,也可以参照阅读材料的内容,但不得直接饮用原文中的句子。
2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
[评分标准]
概括准确,语言规范,内容合适,语篇连贯。
Apossibleversion:
Manypeopledisliketheirjobsjustbecausetheythinktheirjobsareordinaryandboring.However,everyseeminglyordinaryanddulljobisreallysignificantinsocietyandisworthyofrespect.
Let’stakecleaningstreetsforexample.Ordinaryjobascleaningstreetsis,manycleaningworkersnevertakeitforgrantedthatitismuchtooordinary.Onthecontrary,theysparenoeffortstokeepourstreetscleanthoughtheyhavetogetupearlyandworkoutdoorsincoldorhotweather.Iftherewerenosuchcleaningworkers,ourstreetsandlivingenvironmentwouldbedirty,smellyandinamess,withtrashsurroundingourhomes,schoolsandmanyotherpublicplaces.
Frommyperspective,howeverordinaryourjobsmayseemtobe,weshouldbeawareoftheirimportanceandtryourbesttodothemwell.Onlyinthiswaycanwefindhappinessinourjobsandmakecontributionstooursociety.(159words)
五.写作程序
分五步:
1.审题,确定体裁、人称、时态;
2.确定结构、要点、连接词、词汇、句型;
3.草稿成文
4.校对、誊写
5.再校对
具体来看:
1.审题,确定体裁、人称、时态
图表:
体裁____________________人称________________时态___________________
图画:
体裁____________________人称________________时态___________________
提纲:
体裁____________________人称________________时态___________________
信函:
体裁____________________人称________________时态___________________
短文:
体裁____________________人称________________时态___________________
2、确立结构、要点、连接词、词汇、句型
(1)结构
通常分为三段。
第一段通常是规定的任务(题目中提供信息),第二段通常分析原因等,第三段通常联系实际,发表观点。
趋势是题目的开放度越来越高,要靠自己去分析、提炼,形成段落。
(2)要点
写作任务中的要点不能遗漏(动笔前一定要把要点简单罗列出来)
(3)连接词
顺序关系
firstofall/firstly/first,secondly,thirdly,inthefirst/second/third/…place,aboveall,etc.
递进关系
What’smore,besides,also,aswell,moreover,furthermore,inaddition,inadditiontothis,apartfromthis,ontopofthis,tomakethingsworse,tomakemattersworse,what’sworse,notonly…butalso;notjust…butalso,ontheonehand,…ontheotherhand,etc.
转折关系
but,however,yet,instead,onthecontrary,contrarytothis,incontrastto,despite/inspiteof,regardlessof,whereas,unlike,nevertheless,nevertheless,otherwise,afterall,although/while,etc.
因果关系
because(of)/inthat/as,for,since/nowthat,asaresultof,so,thus,therefore,sothat,hence,asaresult/consequence,consequently,accordingly,etc.
条件关系
if,on(the)conditionthat,as/solongas,unless,orelse,providing/provided(that) ,supposingthat,etc.
时间关系
when,after,before,until,assoonas,si