英语本科毕业论文范文1.docx
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英语本科毕业论文范文1
AnalysisoftheImagesofNightingaleinEnglishPoemsandCuckooinChinesePoems
AThesisSubmittedto
theDepartmentofForeignLanguagesof。
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College
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Province
inPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirementsfor
theDegreeofBachelorofArts
inEnglishLanguageandLiterature
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Supervisedby:
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March2011
Acknowledgements
Iwouldliketoexpressmygratitudetoallthosewhohavehelpedmeduringthewritingofthisthesis.Igratefullyacknowledgethehelpof.
IalsooweaspecialdebtofgratitudetoalltheprofessorsinForeignLanguagesDepartment,fromwhosedevotedteachingandenlighteninglecturesIhavebenefitedalotandacademicallypreparedforthethesis.
Ishouldfinallyliketoexpressmygratitudetomybelovedparentswhohavealwaysbeenhelpingmeoutofdifficultiesandsupportingmewithoutawordofcomplaint.
Abstract
ForEnglishpoemsorChinesepoems,animageisoneofthebasicelementswhichformthepoeticarts.Itisthesoulofapoem.Innature,nightingaleandcuckooaretwokindsofthemostcommonbirdimagesinEnglishandChinesepoems.Therearesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthem.ThecuckooinChinesepoemsandthenightingaleinEnglishpoemsusuallyappearasgrievousimages.Bothofthemoriginateintheirsadlegendsand,theysymbolizemournfulemotioninpoems.Anddifferencesbetweenthemcanbedescribedfromtwosides.First,thenightingalesometimesalsorepresentshappinesswhilethecuckooshowsgriefallthetime.Second,theyhavedifferentrelationshipwithpoeticschools.Byreadingandcomparing,readerscandeeplyunderstandcuckooandnightingale’ssymbolizedmeaningandemotionaltone.
Keywords:
poeticimage;nightingale;cuckoo,differencesandsimilarities
摘要
无论是对英诗,还是对汉诗来说,意象是构成诗的艺术的基本条件之一。
它是诗歌的灵魂。
在自然界中,夜莺和杜鹃分别是英诗和汉诗中最常见的两种鸟类意象。
然而它们之间既包含了相似性,又具有差别性。
英诗中的夜莺和汉诗中的杜鹃通常都以悲伤凄凉的意象出现。
一方面它们都来源于忧伤的传说;另一方面它们在诗中都象征一种忧伤的情感。
而它们之间的差异性也可以从两个方面阐述。
一是夜莺有时也象征一种快乐,而杜鹃则一直是忧伤的代表;二是它们与诗歌流派之间的关系是不同的。
通过研究比较,读者能够更加深刻了解夜莺与杜鹃的象征意义和情感基调。
关键词:
诗歌意象;夜莺;杜鹃;异同
Contents
Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………..ii
Abstract(English)…………………………………………………………...iii
Abstract(Chinese)…………………………………………………………..iv
1.Introduction……………………………………………………………...1
2.SignificanceofUsingImagesinPoems………………………………....2
3.SimilaritiesandDifferencesoftheImagesofNightingaleinEnglish
PoemsandCuckooinChinesePoems………..........................................4
3.1SimilaritiesBetweentheImagesofNightingale
andCuckoo……………………………………………………………...4
3.1.1ComingfromGrievousLegends……………………………………5
3.1.2SymbolizingtheSadFeelings………………………………………7
3.2DifferencesBetweentheImagesofNightingale
andCuckoo………………………………………………………………9
3.2.1TheHappyImageofNightingale…………………………………..10
3.2.2TheDifferentRelationshipBetweentheImagesand
theSchools……………………………………………...................11
4.Conclusion………………………………………………………………….13
Bibliography…………………………………………………………………..14
1.Introduction
Inallages,poetryisanimportantpartofliteraturebothinChinaandthewesternworld,andisoneofthemostancientliteraryforms.Inpoems,animageisanessentialandcreativedevicetoexpresspoets’feelings.Everypoetmustbecautiousaboutchoosingtheimage,becauseitmaybeinfluencestheresultthatwhetherapoemissuccessfulornot.
Inthehistoryofglobalculture,theimageisavitalconceptforpoetry.Therefore,alargenumberofscholarshaveresearchedpoeticimages.Mostofthemstudypoeticimageasawhole,suchaswhatisapoeticimage,whatisoriginofimages,howtoapplytoimages,whatisthetheoryofthepoeticimages,andsoon.Theycanresearchpoeticimagesfromthepointviewofaesthetics,andanalyzetheconnectionbetweenpoeticimagesandculture.AndthentheyalsocomparethesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenChinesepoemsandEnglishpoemswhenpoetschoosepoeticimages.Ingeneral,scholarsdiscusspoeticimagesfromawidescope.
Besides,afewofscholarshavealreadyresearchedsomekindofspecificimages.Forexample,whatculturalmeaningtheimageofsnakereflectsinEnglishpoems.AndwhatconceptionthemoonrevealsinChinesepoems,etc.However,fewscholarshavecomparedoneimageinChinesepoemswithanothersimilarimageinEnglishpoems.Thissituationimpliesthatitisnotall-sidedforpoeticimageresearchnowadays.Asbirdsinnature,thenightingaleinEnglishpoemsandthecuckooinChinesepoemsaregreatandimportantbirdimages.Manyscholarshavestudiedrespectivelythetwoimages.SomeanalyzethesimilaritiesanddifferencesofthecuckooimageinEnglishcultureandChineseculture.Andsomejustinterpretthenightingaleimagein“OdetoaNightingale”.However,fewresearcherscomparethecuckooinChinesewiththenightingaleinEnglishpoems.
Afterstudied,itcanbeseenthattherearesomesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthem.Theyarebothgrievousimagesandoriginateinmournfullegends.ButthenightingaleissometimesregardedasajoyfulimageinEnglishpoemswhilethecuckooalwaysrepresentsgriefinChinesepoems.Second,theyhavedifferentrelationshipwithpoeticscholars.
2.SignificanceofUsingImagesinPoems
ThepoeticimageisahottopicinChineseandwestpoeticresearchers,anditisadifficultpointinpoetry.Thepoetsofimagismareskillfulinusingimagestocreatepoemsandexpresstheirthoughts.Infact,theyuseChineseapproachtoproducepoemsfortheirreference.Astheoriginofthetheoryofpoeticimagery,Chinahasakeypositioninproducingpoemsviaimages.Poetrytheoristsdevotethemselvestoexploringpoeticimageryforalongtime.Theyhaveaccumulatedawealthofexperienceofthedefinitionandfunctionofimages,andtheireffortsfinallyhaveananswer.
Itisanimportantmeansforcreatingpoeticarttoformimage,andisanessentialparttocreatepoeticartistic.Butwhatisanimage?
Animagereferstothat“itisthelanguagethatproducespictureinthemindsofpeoplereadingorlistening”(A.S.Hornby,2004:
877).Itisabasicwayforpoetstoshowpassion,expressthoughtsandsublimateconsciousness.Inbrief,animageistheaidforpoetstoexpressemotion.Whenapoetisintheoutsideworld,atthistime,anobjectintheoutsideworldarousesapoet’sfeelings,howdoeshechangehisfeelingsintolines?
Theexistenceofimageisnecessary.Itisonewayforapoettoexpresshisfeelings.
Forthedefinitionofimage,somedomesticscholarsputforwardtheirtheories.AiQingthinksthatanimageisakindofspecificfeeling(YanTaotao,2005:
43).ZhuGuangqianconsidersthatanimageisashadowwhichanobjectthatapoetisawareofreflectinginheart(YanTaotao,2005:
43).Andthen,JiangYinghasquotedEzraPound,thepoetofimagisminAmerica,toexplainhisviewpoint:
Animageisthatwhichpresentsanintellectualandemotionalcomplexinacertainandshortperiodoftime(CongZihang,2007:
188).Therefore,theessenceofimagecanbeathinginpoeticartwhichisinastageofbeingstated.Itisbestowedwithapoeticmeaningbecauseofitsmergingintopoeticartandbeingdescribed.
Poundoncesaid,animagehasbeendividedintotwokinds.Whenitappearsinmind,atthismovement,itissubjective…;next,itisobjective….(EzraPound,1989:
15)Inthesecircumstances,animageisnotjustaconcept.Itisaseriesofthoughtswhicharemixedtogether.Thistheoryshowstheimportanceofpoeticimagery.Anditalsoindicatesthecloserelationshipbetweenpoeticimageandpoet’sfeelings.
Thefunctionofimageinpoemsisgreat.Usuallyitisregardedasacellofapoem.Fewresearchershavedeeplyanalyzeditsfunction,sothatpeoplepaylittleattentiontoit,andtheycannotappreciatepoemsprecisely.
Withtheformationofimages,poetscanexpresstheirfeelingsinanimplicitway,andmakeabstractfeelingsspecifictoincreasetheappealofapoem.Fromcommonsensepeoplehaveknownthatifapoethasn’tfoundasuitableimage,nomatterhowstronghissentimentis,howdeepthethoughtisandevenhowrichtheimaginationis,hisfeelingsbelongnowhere,liketheduckweedinwater.It’sdifficulttoformapoem.
Animageisthetechniqueofapoem(JiangDengke,1999:
36).Inreality,itisanotherwaytoshowapoet’slifeandexperience.Poet’slifeandexperiencecanbereflectedviaimaginationinpoems.Inotherword,animagereflectsallofpoet’spersonalityandwill.Besides,itisacombinationofpoet’ssentiment,realizationandexpectation.Themainroleofimageistochangepoet’ssubconsciousnessintoconsciousness,inordertobemorerealandspecific.
Imageisanimportantfactorinpoetry.InChineseandWesternpoetry,allkindsofimagesappearoneafteranotherandbeyondcounting.Butinthoseimages,theconnotationsofsomeimagesinChinesepoemsandinEnglishpoemsaresimilar,suchasthe“rose”whichalwayssymbolizesloveorenthusiasmbecauseofitscolor.Forexample,inRobertBurns’sfamouspoem,“ARedRedRose”,hehadcomparedhislovertoaredrose;andYangWanliinSongDynastyhadwrittenapoem,“RedRose”,toexpressromanticrelationship.However,someimagesarecompletelydifferent,suchasthe“westwind”.Becauseofdifferentgeographicposition,peopleincountrieshavedifferentideasaboutwestwind.Inwesterncountries,westwindcanbringwarmandwetairstreamsandabundantrainfall,sotheyusuallycomposeodestowestwind.ButforChinese,westwindcancausedryairandacloudofdustfilledthewholesky,thusChinesepeopleareveryevasiveaboutthistopic.ThisshowsthattheconnotationsofpoeticimagesinChineseandWesternpoetryareeitherequalordifferent.Forexample,PercyShelleyhadpraisedthewe