异化在英汉习语翻译中的体现.docx

异化在英汉习语翻译中的体现.docx

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异化在英汉习语翻译中的体现

毕业论文

题目：

异化在英汉习语翻译中的体现

Title:

ForeignizationTendencyinChinese-EnglishIdiomTranslation

2009年5月20日

Acknowledgements

Firstandforemost,myappreciationgoestomyaffectionateparents,andtherestofmyfamily.Throughoutthedevelopmentofthispaper,theyhavebeentherealwaysgivingmecontinuoussupport,encouragementandunderstanding.Theirloveandsupportencouragemetopursueprogressallthetime.

Iwouldalsoliketoextendmysincerethankstoallotherteacherswhogavemelecturesduringthepastfouracademicyears.Ihavebenefitedsomuchnotonlyfromtheircoursesandlecturesbutalsofromtheirconstantencouragement.

Finally,mydeepestgratitudeandrespectgotomysupervisor,ZhangQian.Itisforherconstantencouragement,criticalinstructions,hergreatcareandpreciousadviceandsuggestionsthatthispaperappearsinthepresentform.

Finally,thanktheteacherstoreadthispaper,thankyouverymuch!

Abstract

Idiomsarethecreamofalanguage.Theyreflecttherelationshipbetweenlanguageandculture.Languageisthecarrierandcontainerofculture;language,asamirrorofculture,isstronglyinfluencedandshapedbyculture;languageandcultureiscloselyrelated,eachinfluencingandshapingtheother.Meanwhile,Languageisapartofcultureandtranslationisabilingualartofcross-culturalcommunication.Inrecentyears,therehasbeenanincreasingtendencyintranslationpracticetoregardtranslationasakindofinterculturalcommunication.Translationisnolongerlookedonasonlytransformationoflanguagesignals,butalsoofculture.Thusoptimizationtranslation,thatis,appropriateforeignization,becomesthenewtrendinthetranslationcircleunderthebackgroundofculturalglobalization,duetotheculturaldifferencesofdifferentlanguages,thedifferentstandardsoftaste,habitsofappreciationandmannersofexpressionincertainperiod.Meanwhile,tosomeextent,foreignizationcanhelptospreaduniqueChineseculturalmessageandevenhelptoenhanceculturalcommunicationbetweenChinaandforeigncountries.

  Keywords:

idioms;cross-culture;translation;foreignization;communication

摘要

习语是语言的精粹也是语言的一个重要组成部分，是各国语言文学艺术宝库中的一朵奇葩。

谚语体现了语言与文化的关系。

语言好比文化的一面镜子，直白的反应了文化，同时也塑造了文化，两者是紧密相连，互相影响。

由于人类的普遍社会活动和心理思维过程有许多共同之处，因此英汉谚语也存在着相同之处。

但由于各国具体历史文化背景的不同，所以英汉谚语又存在着差异。

本文分析了英汉谚语的相同点与不同点，并提出英汉谚语在跨文化交际中的渗透与融合。

也具体介绍了不同的地理环境与人类的生存密切相关，以及生活习俗和不同的思维模式，促成不同各具特色的人类文化。

因此引出翻译的概念和目前最适合全球化的翻译方法。

翻译基本上是一种语言语言转换活动但又不是一项纯粹的语言转换活动，他还牵涉到种种非语言因素，特别是牵涉到种种文化因素。

翻译不仅是语言层面更是文化层面上的一种活动，其本质是文化交流。

在当今跨文化交流不断发展的驱使下，译者在翻译中应多从文化的角度考虑，适度加以应用“异化”策略及其方法，尽可能重现各国习语的文化特征和内涵，进而有利于实现各国间进一步交流，真正实现“全球村”文化。

关键词：

习语；文化；跨文化；翻译；异化

Contents

Introduction……………………………………………………………1

I.Literaturereviews…………………………………..............………2

II.CharacteristicsofEnglishIdioms…………………………………3

2.1Whatisanidiom………………………………………….…………3

2.1.1DefinitionandCharacteristicsofEnglishIdioms…………3

2.1.2EffectsofIdioms………………………………………………4

2.2CulturalDifferencesbetweenEnglishandChineseIdioms…………5

2.2.1Religiousdifferences……………………………………………5

2.2.2Socialrelationshipdifferences…………………………………7

2.2.3Taboodifferences………………………………………………8

2.3OriginsofCulturalDifferencesinEnglishandChineseIdioms……10

2.3.1LivingConditions………………………………………………10

2.3.2ThinkingPatterns………………………………………………13

III.ForeignizationinIdiomTranslation……………………………15

3.1DomesticationandForeignization…………………………………15

3.1.1DefinitionofDomesticationandForeignization………………15

3.1.2TendencyinCross-CulturalTranslation………………………16

3.2TheSpecificExamplesbetweenDomesticationandForeignization…………………………………………………………..18

Conclusion……………………………………………………………..21

Bibliography……………………………………………………………22

Introduction

Idiomsarethecreamofalanguage.Languageandculturearetightlyinteractedwitheachother;eachinfluencingandshapingtheother.Languageispartofculture.Idiomsarethecrystalofthenationalwisdomandexperience.Asapartoflanguage,Idiomscloselyintegratedwiththesocietyandculture.Idiomsreflectmanyaspectsofthenationsuchasgeography,history,religiousfaithandvalues.Also,theyreflecttherelationshipbetweenlanguageandculture.Languageasanimportantcarrierofcultureseldomisself-sufficientorcompletelyisolatedfromoutsideelements.

Whenwedotranslating,weshouldtrytoconveytheequivalenceofthemessagessothatthetargetlanguagereaderswillrespondtothetranslationsimilarlyasthesourcelanguagereaderstotheoriginal.Intheever-deepenedcommunicationamongnationsandpeoples,differentculturesclashintoeachother,shapingandinfluencingeachother,thusencourageeachone’sdevelopment.Nowadays,inthebackgroundofculturalglobalization,thefunctionofculturalexchangeintranslationbecomesstrongerandstronger.Itisbeneficialbyappropriatelyincreasingtheemploymentofforeignizationtotheenrichmentoflanguage,thespreadoflocalcultureandtheacceptanceofforeigncultures.

Withtheglobalizationprocess,foreignizationmaybecomeanincreasinglyimportantmediumamongthecountriesintheworld.Generallyspeaking,foreignizingtranslationgivesthereadermoreinformationthanthedomesticatingone.Meanwhile,withthedevelopmentofhightechnologyandtheimprovedmeansofcommunication,moreandmorepeoplewanttolearnforeigncultureandknowledgeandinassimilatingandlearningforeignlanguageandculture,foreignizationisusefulandessential.Foreignizationhasanactiveeffectoncross-culturalcommunication，acaseinpointistheunderstandingofidioms.Thispaperexplainscharacteristics,thedifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishidioms,andforeignizationtendencyinidiomstranslation.

I.Literaturereviews

Languageisapartofcultureandtranslationisabilingualartofcross-culturalcommunication.Whenwedotranslating,weshouldtrytoconveytheequivalenceofthemessagessothatthetargetlanguagereaderswillrespondtothetranslationsimilarlyasthesourcelanguagereaderstotheoriginal.

Translationisabilingualartofcross-culturalcommunication.Essentially,translationisaprocessofexchanginginformationfromonelanguagetoanother.Alltranslationmustgothroughtheprocessofcomprehensionandexpression,i.e.tounderstandthoroughlythecontentoftheoriginaltextandthenexpressthesamemeaningfaithfullyinanotherlanguage.Apenetratingcomprehensionisthefoundationofaccurateexpression,andexpressionistheembodimentofcomprehension.Thesetwoprocessesarecloselyrelatedtoeachother.Ifwetranslateapieceofworkwordforwordwithoutgettingtheoriginalideas,itwillmeannothingbutmechanicaltranscriptionofwordswhicharemisleadingormeaningless.

Inthebroadcontextofculture,translationmeansnotonlyonelanguagebeingtransferredintoanotherbutalsoacommunicationbetweentwocultures.Andthepurposeoftranslationistopromoteculturalcommunication.Translationisakindofculturalactivitythattranslatorsreproducetheoriginalcultureinthetargettext.Culturalinformationbutnotlanguageistheobjectoftranslation.“Duringtranslation,translatorsshouldtranslatethe‘form’and‘essence’oftheoriginallanguageintothetargetlanguagedirectlyandexactly.i.e.,translationshouldreservetheculturaldifferenceandreproducetheoriginal‘foreignness’asmuchaspossible”.Here,“‘foreignness’meansthattranslationshouldkeepasmuchaspossibletheculturalfeaturesandinformationofthesourcetext”.Allinall,inculturaltranslation,translatorsshouldtakecultureintoconsiderationandreconstructthesourcecultureasmuchaspossibleintothetargetlanguageduringtranslation.

II.Characteristicsofidioms

2.1WhatisanIdiom

2.1.1DefinitionandEffectsofIdioms

Idiomisdefinedas“aphrasewhichmeanssomethingdifferentfromthemeaningoftheseparatewordsfromwhichitisformed”（LongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEnglish,1988）.Inabroadsense,itcanincludesetphrase,slang,proverb,commonsayings,andallusionetc.Itissaidthatnothingmarksaforeignermorethanhisunnecessaryuseofidioms.Thetroubleinunderstandinganidiomisthatthemeaningofthewholephrasecannotbededucedfromtheindividualwordswhichconstituteit.Itisafixedphrasewithitsownmeaningwhichhastobelearnedasoneunit.

ThedefinitionofidiombyOxfordAdvancedLearner’sEnglish-ChineseDictionaryis“shortwell-knownsayingthatstatesageneraltruthorgivesadvice.”（精练的俗语，或为普遍道理或为劝诫语）WuZhankunsaidthatidiomsarethecrystalofnationalwisdomandexperience.Theyarefrequentlyusedorallyandhandeddownfromgenerationtogenerationandusuallygivepeopleinformationandspeakthetruth.Theyareshortsentenceswithcommonstyle,concisestructure,andvividlanguage.WangQinsaidthatidiomsarethesummingupofpracticalexperiences.Theyaretheoralformsoflanguagethatgivepeopleexperience,adviceorwarning.ThegreatEnglishphilosopherFrancisBacononcesaid:

”Thegenius,witandspiritofanationarediscoveredinitsidioms.”

Fromthesedefinitions,wecanseecommoncharactersofIdioms.Idiomsarethecrystalofthenationalwisdomandexperience.Idiomsarecolloquial,sotheyareveryeasytoberememberedandhandeddown.Theyusuallygivepeopleadviceandwarning.Idiomsarethecreamofalanguage.Languageandculturearetightlyinteractedwitheachother;eachinfluencingandshapingtheother.Languageispartofculture.TheChineselanguageispartofChinacultureandEnglishlanguageispartofEnglishculture.Languageisthecarrierandcontainerofculture.Humanknowledgeandexperiencearedescribedandstoredinlanguage.Asapartoflanguage,Idiomscloselyintegr