艺考生课程阅读第六十八讲.docx

艺考生课程阅读第六十八讲.docx

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艺考生课程阅读第六十八讲

20XX年学大教育艺考生课程——阅读第六十八讲

阅读理解中的猜词技巧

适用学科

英语

适用年级

高三

适用区域

通用

课时时长（分钟）

60

知识点

理解主旨和要义

根据上下文推断生词的词义 

教学目标

知识目标：

了解词义句义题特点

方法目标：

掌握一套准确猜测文章中生词方法与技巧

能力目标：

提高英文阅读理解能力

教学重点

通过文章上下文进行猜词

教学难点

通过文章上下文进行猜词

教学过程

一、课堂导入

Asalong-distanceswimmer,shewouldcompeteagainstherselfandtheobstaclespresentedbydistance,danger,cold,andexhaustion.

猜一猜划线部分词义是什么？

二、复习预习

1.议论文具体分为哪几种类型？

每种类型文章中心主旨如何精确捕捉？

2.平时在做阅读题时遇到生词怎么办？

三、知识讲解

知识点1

根据构词法猜测词义

1.合成法

man-madehandwritingcopyright

greenhouseall-roundtypewriterbreakthroughhigh-classblacklist

one-wayEnglish-speaking

2.派生法

A.否定前缀

un-（不）unimportant

in-/im-/ir-/il-（不）impossible

dis-（不）dislike

mis-（不）misunderstand

B.其他前缀

re-（再）rebuild

inter-（互）interchange

pre-（前）preschool

anti-（反）antifreeze

non-（否）nonprofit

C.名词后缀

-er（人）teacher

-er（物）cooker

-ician（人）physician

D.形容词后缀

-able（能）eatable

-less（否）homeless

E.动词后缀

-en（使）widen

-fy（使）satisfy

-ize（使）modernize

知识点2

1.以定义为线索猜测词义

①关键词或词组引出法

mean（意指），referto（指的是），bedefinedas（被定义为），beknownas（被称为），becalled（被称为），thatis（也就是说）

②定语从句

例：

Thescientistswhostudyinsectsarecalledentomologists.

2.以同位语为线索猜测词义

Theytraveledalongway,atlastgottoacastle,alargebuildinginoldtimes.

3.以例举的句子为线索猜测词义

恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索，表示列举关系的信号词有:

like,forexample,forinstance,suchas,especially,include,consistof,specially等。

例：

Theconsequencesofepochaleventssuchaswarsandgreatscientificdiscoveriesarenotconfinedtoasmallgeographicalareaastheywereinthepast.

4.以重述为线索猜测词义

　作者经常使用一些信号词,这些信号词有:

inotherwords,toputitanotherway,thatistosay,or

例：

Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle...thatis,itwillbreakeasily.从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle是“脆”的意思。

5.以同义词、近义词为线索猜测词义

（1）or有时可作为识别同义词或近义词的信号词.

（2）like（像……一样）,as...as（如同……一样）,thesameas（与……相同）等也可作为识别生词的同义词或近义词的信号词,以这些词为线索,有时也可推断出生词的词义来.

例：

Influenzaissometimescalledfluorabadcold.

6.以反义词、对比关系为线索猜测词义

常用来表示对应关系和提供相反信息的信号词有:

but,yet,however,while,whereas,otherwise,inspiteof,despite,eventhough,although,though,unlike,instead（of）,ratherthan,nevertheless,onthecontrary,

例：

Sheisusuallypunctualforallherclass,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.

7.以因果关系为线索猜测词义

因果关系的信号词有:

since,as,because,for,so,thus,consequently,therefore,hence,dueto,resultin,resultfrom,asaresult,forthisreason,accordingly,sothat,so...that,such...that

例：

Tomisconsideredanautocraticadministratorbecausehemakesdecisionswithoutseekingtheopinionsofothers.

知识点3

根据普通常识与生活经验推测生词词义

例：

TheOlympicgamesweretobecompletedingoodspirit.Theideawastoparticipateandnottowin…

知识点4

文章背景下的词义分析：

1.词本义分析（理解词的字面意义）

2.相关性排除（去除与词的字面意义不相干的选项）

3.浅义排除（排除对词语直接浅显解释的选项）

4.与文章中心主旨挂钩（优先考虑与中心主旨较为相关的选项）

知识点5

具体信息指代题：

1.上文就近找原词

2.注意词性与结构

四、例题精析

【例题1】

Whyplaygames?

Becausetheyarefun,anda1otmorebesides.Followingtherules…planningyournextmove...actingasateammember…theseareall“game”ideasthatyouwillcomeacrossthroughoutyourlife.

Thinkaboutsomeofthegamesyouplayedasayoungchild,suchasrope-jumpingandhide-and-seek.Suchgamesareentertainingandfun.Butperhapsmoreimportantly,theytranslatelifeintoexcitingdramasthatteachchildrensomeofthebasicrulestheywillbeexpectedtofollowtherestoftheirlives,suchastakingturnsandcooperating（合作）.

Manychildren’sgameshaveapracticalsideChildrenaroundtheworldplaygamesthatpreparethemforworktheywilldoasgrown-ups.Forinstance,someSaudiArabianchildrenplayagamecalledbones.Whichsharpensthehand-eyecoordination（协调）neededinhunting.

Manysportsencouragenationalorlocalpride.Themostfamousgamesofall,theOlympicGames,bringathletesfromaroundtheworldtogethertotakepartinfriendlycompetition.Peoplewhowatchtheeventwaveflags,knowingthatagoldmedalisawinforanentirecountry,notjusttheathletewhoearnedit.Forcountriesexperiencingnaturaldisastersorwar,anOlympicwincanmeansomuch.

Sportsarealsoaneventthatunitespeople.Socceristhemostpopularsportintheworld.Peopleonallcontinentsplayit—someforfunandsomeforaliving.NicoletteIribarne,aCaliforniansoccerplayer,hasdiscoveredawaytospreadhopethroughsoccer.Hecreatedafoundationtoprovidepoorchildrenwithnotonlysoccerballsbutalsoapromisingfuture.

Nexttimeyouplayyourfavoritegameorsport,thinkaboutwhyyouenjoyit,whatskillsareneeded,andwhethertheseskillswillhelpyouinotheraspectsofyourlife.

TheunderlinedpartinParagraph2mostprobablymeansthatgamescan_______.

A.describelifeinanexcitingway

B.turnreal-lifeexperiencesintoaplay

C.makelearninglifeskillsmoreinteresting

D.changepeople’sviewsofsportingevents

【答案】C

【解析】这部分前面的谓语动词是translate有“翻译，解释，转移，调动”的意思，该部分后面有一个定语从句，前后结合就可以理解这部分的意思了。

【例题2】

Asksomeonewhattheyhavedonetohelptheenvironmentrecentlyandtheywillalmostcertainlymentionrecycling.Recyclinginthehomeisveryimportantofcourse.However,beingforcedtorecycleoftenmeanswealreadyhavemorematerialthanweneed.Wearedealingwiththeresultsofthatover-consumptioninthegreenestwaypossible,butitwouldbefarbetterifwedidnotneedtobringsomuchmaterialhomeinthefirstplace.

Thetotalamountofpackagingincreasedby12%between1999and2005.Itnowmakesupathirdofatypicalhousehold’swasteintheUK.Inmanysupermarketsnowadaysfooditemsarepackagedtwicewithplasticandcardboard.

Toomuchpackagingisdoingseriousdamagetotheenvironment.TheUK,forexample,isrunningoutofitforcarryingthisunnecessarywaste.Ifsuchpackagingisburnt,itgivesoffgreenhousegaseswhichgoontocausethegreenhouseeffect.Recyclinghelps,buttheprocessitselfusesenergy.Thesolutionisnottoproducesuchitemsinthefirstplace.Foodwasteisaseriousproblem,too.Toomanysupermarketsencouragecustomerstobuymorethantheyneed.However,afewofthemarecomingroundtotheideathatthiscannotcontinue,encouragingcustomerstoreusetheirplasticbags,forexample.

Butthisisnotjustaboutsupermarkets.Itisaboutallofus.Wehavelearnedtoassociatepackagingwithquality.Wehavelearnedtothinkthatsomethingunpackagedisofpoorquality.Thisisespeciallytrueoffood.Butisalsoappliestoawiderangeofconsumerproducts,whichoftenhavefarmorepackagingthannecessary.

Therearesignsofhope.Asmoreofusrecycle,wearebeginningtorealisejusthowmuchunnecessarymaterialarecollecting.Weneedtofacethewastefulnessofourconsumerculture,butwehaveamountaintoclimb.

Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“over-consumption”referto?

A.Usingtoomuchpackaging.

B.Recyclingtoomanywastes.

C.Makingmoreproductsthannecessary.

D.Havingmorematerialthanisneeded.

【答案】D

【解析】根据文中的“Wearedealingwiththeresultsofthatover-consumptioninthegreenestwaypossible,butitwouldbefarbetterifwedidnotneedtobringsomuchmaterialhomeinthefirstplace.”可知划线部分意义应为“过度消费”，所以D项意义正确。

【例题3】

Doctorsbelievethatsmokingcigarettesisdetrimentaltoyourhealth.Theyalsoregarddrinkingasharmful.

【答案】不利的，有害的。

【解析】句中“also”提示第二句与第一句句义相近，根据“harmful”，不难推断出划线部分词义为“不利的，有害的”。

五、课堂运用

【基础】

1、

Whensomethinggoeswrong，itcanbeverysatisfyingtosay，“Well,it’sso-and-so’sfault.”or“IknowI’mlate，butit’snotmyfault；thecarbrokedown.”Itisprobablynotyourfault，butonceyouformthehabitofblamingsomebodyorsomethingelseforabadsituation，youarealoser.Youhavenopowerandcoulddonothingthathelpschangethesituation.However,youcanhavegreatpoweroverwhathappenstoyouifyoustopfocusingonwhomtoblameandstartfocusingonhowtoremedythesituation.Thisisthewinner’skeytosuccess.

Winnersaregreatatovercomingproblems.Forexample,ifyouwerelatebecauseyourcarbrokedown,maybeyouneedtohaveyourcarexaminedmoreregularly.Or,youmightstarttocarryalongwithyoutheusefulphonenumbers,soyoucouldcallforhelpwheninneed.Foranotherexample,ifyourcolleaguecausesyouproblemsonthejobforlackofresponsibilityorability,findwaysofdealingwithhisirresponsibilityorinabilityratherthansimplyblametheperson.Asktoworkwithadifferentperson,ordon’trelyontheperson.Youshouldacceptthattheperson.Asktoworkwithadifferentperson,ordon’trelyonthisperson.Youshouldacceptthatthepersonisnotreliableandfindcreativewaystoworksuccessfullyregardlessofhowyourcolleaguefailstodohisjobwell.

Thisiswhatbeingawinnerisallabout—creativelyusingyourskillsandtalentssothatyouaresuccessfulnomatterwhathappens.Winnersdon’thavefewerproblemsintheirlives;theyhavejustasmanydifficultsituationstofaceasanybodyelse.Theyarejustbetteratseeingthoseproblemsaschallengesandopportunitiestodeveloptheirowntalents.So,stopfocusingon“whosefaultitis.”Onceyouareconfidentaboutyourpoweroverbadsituations,problemsarejuststeppingstoponforsuccess.

TheunderlinedwordremedyinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto.

A.avoidB.acceptC.improveD.consider

【答案】C

【解析】根据文章中“however”可知“Youhavenopowerandcoulddonothingthathelpschangethesituation.”为与划线词所在句关系十分紧密的一句，又根据该句中“changethesituation.”可知答案为C。

2、

Iamawriter.Ispendagreatdealofmytimethinkingaboutthepoweroflanguage—thewayitcanevoke（唤起）anemotion,avisualimage,acomplexidea,orasimpletruth.Languageisthetoolofmytrade.AndIusethemall—alltheEnglishesIgrewupwith.

Borni