职称英语理工B真题及答案.docx
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职称英语理工B真题及答案
2013年职称英语理工类b级考试试题及答案
第1部分:
词汇选项(第1~15题,每题1分,共15分)下面每个句子中均由1个词或短语划有底横线,请为每处划线部分确定1个意思最接近的选项。
1.Therewassomething peculiar inthewayhesmiles.
A.differentB.wrongC.strangeD.funny
2.Ihavelittleinformation asregards herfitnessforthepost.
A.atB.withC.aboutD.from
3.She cameacross threechildrensleepingunderabridge.
A.foundbychanceB.passedbyC.tookanoticeofD.wokeup
4.Therulesaretoo rigid toallowforhumaneerror.
A.generalB.complexC.directD.inflexible
5.Itseems incredible thathehadbeenthereaweekalready.
A.unbelievableB.rightC.obviousD.unclear
6.Shegets aggressive whensheisdrunk.
A.worriedB.sleepyC.anxiousD.offensive
7.Rumorsbeganto circulate abouthisfinancialproblems.
A.sendB.hearC.spreadD.confirm
8.Asapolitician,heknowshowto manipulate publicopinion.
A.expressB.influenceC.divideD.voice
9.Theseanimals migrate southannuallyinsearchoffood.
A.exploreB.travelC.inhabitD.prefer
10.Hewas tempted bythehighsalaryofferedbythecompany.
A.taughtB.keptC.changedD.attracted
11.Thepolicewillneedtokeepa wary eyeonthisareaoftown.
A.cautiousB.nakedC.blindD.private
12.Makesurethetableissecurely anchored.
A.repairedB.clearedC.bookedD.fixed
13.Comeout,orI’ll bust thedoordown.
A.shutB.breakC.setD.beat
14.Thecontractbetweenthetwocompanieswill expire soon.
A.shortenB.startC.endD.resume
15.Hepaused,waitingforherto digest theinformation.
A.understandB.withholdC.exchangeD.contact
参考答案:
CCADADCBBDADBCA
第2部分:
阅读判断(第16~22题,每题1分,共7分)
下面的短文后列出了7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。
如果该句提供的是正确信息,请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,请选择B;如果该句的信息在文章中没有提及,请选择C。
WideWorldofRobots
Engineerswhobuildandprogramrobotshavefascinatingjobs.Theseresearcherstinker(修补)withmachinesinthelabandwritecomputersoftwaretocontrolthesedevices.“They’rethebesttoysoutthere,”saysHowleChosetatCarnegieMellonUniversityinPittsburgh.Chosetisaroboticist,apersonwhodesigns,buildsorprogramsrobots.
WhenChosetwasakid,hewasinterestedinanythingthatmoved—cars,trains,animals.HeputmotorsonTinkertoycarstomakethemmove.Later,inhighschool,hebuiltmobilerobotssimilartosmallcars.
Hopingtocontinueworkingonrobots,hestudiedcomputerscienceincollege.ButwhenhegottograduateschoolattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyinPasadena,Choset’slabmateswereworkingonsomethingevencoolerthanremotelycontrolledcars:
roboticsnakes.Somerobotscanmoveonlyforward,backward,leftandright.Butsnakescantwist(扭曲)inmanydirectionsandtraveloveralotofdifferenttypesofterrain(地形).“Snakesarefarmoreinterestingthanthecars,”Chosetconcluded.
AfterhestartedworkingatCarnegieMellon,Chosetandhiscolleaguestherebagandevelopingtheirownsnakerobots.Choset’steamprogrammedrobotstoperformthesamemovementsasrealsnakes,suchasslidingandinchingforward.Therobotsalsomovedinwaysthatsnakesusuallydon’t,suchasrolling.Choset’ssnakerobotscouldcrawl(爬行)throughthegrass,swiminapondandevenclimbaflagpole.
ButChosetwonderedifhissnakesmightbeusefulformedicineaswell.Forsomeheartsurgeries,thedoctorhastoopenapatient’schest,cuttingthroughthebreastbone.Recoveringfromthesesurgeriescanbeverypainful.Whatifthedoctorcouldperformtheoperationbyinsteadmakingasmallholeinthebodyandsendinginathinroboticsnake?
ChosetteamedupwithMarcoZenati,aheartsurgeonnowatHarvardMedicalSchool,toinvestigatetheidea.Zenatipracticedusingtherobotonaplasticmodelofthechestandtheytestedtherobotinpigs.
AcompanycalledMedroboticsinBostonisnowadaptingthetechnologytosurgeriesonpeople.
Evenafter15yearsofworkingwithhisteam'screations,"Istilldon'tgetboredofwatchingthemotionofmyrobots,"Chosetsays.
16.Chosetbegantobuildrobotsinhighschool.
ARightBWrongCNotmentioned
17.Snakerobotscouldmoveinonlyfourdirections.
ARightBWrongCNotmentioned
18.Chosetdidn’tbegindevelopinghisownsnakerobotsuntilhestartedworkingCarnegieMellon.
ARightBWrongCNotmentioned
19.Choset’ssnakerobotscouldmakemoremovementsthantheonesothersdeveloped.
ARightBWrongCNotmentioned
20.Theapplicationofathinroboticsnakemakesheartsurgerieslesstime-consuming.
ARightBWrongCNotmentioned
21.Zenatitestedtherobotonpeopleafterusingitinpigs.
ARightBWrongCNotmentioned
22.TherobotictechnologyforsurgeriesonpeoplehasbroughtahandsomeMedrobotics.
ARightBWrongCNotmentioned
参考答案:
ABAACCC
第3部分:
概括大意与完成句子(第23~30题,每题1分,共8分)
下面的短文后有2项测试任务:
(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1~4段每段选择1个最佳标题;
(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
BlackHoles
1Blackholescanbebestdescribedasasortofvacuum,suckingupeverythinginspace.Scientistshavediscoveredthatblackholescomefromanexplosionofhugestars.Starsthatareneardeathcannolongerburnduetolossoffuel,andbecauseitstemperaturecannolongercontrolthegravitational(重力的)force,hydrogenendsupputtingpressureontothestar’ssurfaceuntilitsuddenlyexplodesthencollapses.
2Blackholescomefromstarsthataremadeofhydrogen,othergasesandafewmetals.Whentheseexplodeitcanturnintoastellar-mass(恒星质量)blackhole,whichcanonlyoccurifthestarislargeenough(shouldbebiggerthanthesun)fortheexplosiontobreakitintopieces,andthegravitystartstocompacteverypieceintothetiniestparticle.Trytoseeandcompare:
ifastarthat’stentimesthesizeofthesunendsupbeingablackholethat’snolongerthan70kilometers,thentheEarthwouldbecomeblackholethat’sonlyafractionofaninch!
3Objectsthatgetsuckedinablackholewillalwaysremainthere,nevertobreakfree.Butrememberthatblackholescanonlygobbleup(吞噬)objectswithinaspecificdistancetoit.It’spossibleforalargestarnearthesuntobecomeablackhole,butthesunwillcontinuetostayinplace.Orbits(轨道)donotchangebecausethenewlyformedblackholecontainsexactlythesameamountofmassaswhenitwasastar,onlythisitsmassistotallycontractedthatitcanendupasnobiggerthanastate.
4Sofar,astronomershavefiguredoutthatblackholesexistbecauseofAlbertEinstein’stheoryofrelativity.Intheend,throughnumerousstudies,theyhavediscoveredthatblackholestrulyexist.Sinceblackholestraplightanddonotgiveofflight,itisnotpossibletodetectblackholesviaatelescope.Butastronomerscontinuetoexploregalaxies(银河系),spaceandthesolarsystemtounderstandhowblackholes.Itispossiblethatblackholescanexistformillionsofyears,andlatercontributefurtherprocessingalaxies,whichcaneventuallyleadtocreationofnewentities.Scientistsalsocreditblackholesashelpfulinlearninghowgalaxiesbegantoform.
A.Whathappenstotheobjectsaroundablackhole?
B.Isthereproofthatblackholesreallyexist?
C.Howwereblackholesnamed?
D.Whataredifferenttypesofblackholes?
E.Whatareblackholesmadeof?
F.Howareblackholesformed?
23.Paragraph1F
24.Paragraph2E
25.Paragraph3A
26.Paragraph4B
27.Blackholesareformedafter___D______.
28.Whenalargestarexplodes,thegravitycompactseverypieceinto____F_____.
29.Anewlyformedblackholeandthestaritcomesfromareof___C______.
30.AlbertEinstein’stheoryofrelativityhelpstoprove____A_____.
A.theexistenceofblackholes
B.thecreationofnewentities
C.thesameamountofmass
D.anexplosionofhugestars
E.afractionofaninch
F.thetiniestparticle
参考答案:
FEABDFCA
第4部分:
阅读理解(第31~45题,每题3分,共45分)下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道题。
第一篇 EnergyandPublicLands
TheUnitedStatesboastssubstantialenergyresources.FederallandsprovideagooddealofUSenergyproduction,theUSDepartmentoftheInteriormanagesfederalenergyleasing(租赁),bothonlandandontheoffshoreOuterContinentalShelf。
Productionfromthesesourcesamountstonearly30percentoftotalannualUSenergyproduction.
In2000,32percentofUSoil,35percentofnaturalgas,and37percentofcoalwereproducedfromfederallands,representing20,000producingoilandgasleasesand135producingcoalleases.Federallandsarealsoestimatedtocontainapproximately68percentofallundiscoveredUSoilreservesand74percentofundiscoverednaturalgas.
Revenuesfromfederaloil,gas,andcoalleasingprovidesignificantreturnstoUStaxpayersaswellasStateGovernment.In1999,forexample,$553millioninoilandgasrevenueswerepaidtotheUSTreasury,andnon-Indiacoalleasesaccountedforover$304millioninrevenues,ofwhich50percentwerepaidtoStategovernments.Publiclandsalsoplayacriticalroleinenergydelivery.Eachyear,federallandmanagersauthorizerightsofwayfortransmissionlines,railsystems,pipelines,andotherfacilitiesrelatedtoenergyproductionanduse.
Alternativeenergyproductionfromfederallandsfallsbehindconventionalenergyproduction,thoughtheamountisstillsignificant.Forexample,federalgeothermal(地热)resourcesproduceabout7.5billionkilowatt-hours(千瓦时)ofelectricityperyear,47percentofallelectricitygeneratedfromUSgeothermalenergy.Thereare2,960windturbinesonpubliclandsinCaliforniaalone,producingelectricityforabout300,000people.Federalhydropowerfacilitiesproduceabout17percentofallhydropowerproducedintheUnitedStates.
BecauseofthegrowingUSthirstforenergyandincreasingpublicuneasewithinfluenceonforeignoffsources,pressureonpubliclandstomeetUSenergydemandisbecomingmoreintense.Publiclandsareavailableforenergydevelopmentonlyaftertheyhavebeenevaluatedthroughthelanduseplanning