全国硕士的研究生入学考试英语一试题.docx

全国硕士的研究生入学考试英语一试题.docx

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全国硕士的研究生入学考试英语一试题

2011年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语

（一）试题

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughteras“abodilyexerciseprecioustohealth.

claimstothecontrary,laughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfilnessLaughterdoes_____short-termchangesin

thefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels,____heartrateandoxygenconsumptionButbecausehardlaughteris

difficultto____,agoodlaughisunlikelytohave_____benefitstheway,say,walkingorjoggingdoes.

____,insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,asexercisedoes,laughterapparentlyaccomplishesthe____,studies

datingbacktothe1930’sindicatethatlaughter.muscles,

Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp____theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anyway,theactoflaughing

probablydoesproduceothertypesof______feedback,thatimproveanindividual’semotionalstate.______on

theoryofemotion,ourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted_______physicalreactions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcentury

thathumansdonotcry______theyaresadbuttheybecomesadwhentetearsbegintoflow.

Althoughsadnessalso_______tears,evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow_____muscularresponses.Inan

experimentpublishedin1988,socialpsychologistFritz.

1．[A]among[B]except[C]despite[D]like

2．[A]reflect[B]demand[C]indicate[D]produce

3．[A]stabilizing[B]boosting[C]impairing[D]determining

4．[A]transmit[B]sustain[C]evaluate[D]observe

5．[A]measurable[B]manageable[C]affordable[D]renewable

6．[A]Inturn[B]Infact[C]Inaddition[D]Inbrief

7．[A]opposite[B]impossible[C]average[D]expected

8．[A]hardens[B]weakens[C]tightens[D]relaxes

9．[A]aggravate[B]generate[C]moderate[D]enhance

10．[A]physical[B]mental[C]subconscious[D]internal

11．[A]Exceptfor[B]Accordingto[C]Dueto[D]Asfor

12．[A]with[B]on[C]in[D]at

13．[A]unless[B]until[C]if[D]because

14．[A]exhausts[B]follows[C]precedes[D]suppresses

15．[A]into[B]from[C]towards[D]beyond

16．[A]fetch[B]bite[C]pick[D]hold

17．[A]disappointed[B]excited[C]joyful[D]indifferent

18．[A]adapted[B]catered[C]turned[D]reacted

19．[A]suggesting[B]requiring[C]mentioning[D]supposing

20．[A]Eventually[B]Consequently[C]Similarly[D]Conversely

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

Text1

ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.Forthemostpart,theresponsehas

beenfavorable,tosaytheleast.“Hooray!

Atlast!

”wroteAnthony-sidedTommasinclassic,al-sobermusiccritic.

Oneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassuchasurprise,however,isthatGilbertiscomparativelylittle

known.EvenTommasini,whohadadvocatedGilbert’sappointmentintheTimes,callshim“anunpreten

withnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim.description”ofAstheanextmusicdirectorofanorchestrathathas

hithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustavMahlerandPierreBoulez,thatseemslikelytohavestruckatleastsomeTimes

readersasfaintpraise.

Formypart,IhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreatconductororevenagoodone.Tobesure,heperformsan

impressivevarietyofinterestingcompositions,butitisnotnecessaryformetovisitAveryFisherHall,oranywhereelse,to

hearinterestingorchestralmusic.AllIhavetodoistogotomyCDshelf,orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmore

recordedmusicfromiTunes.

Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformancearemissingthepoint.Forthe

time,attention,andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic,classicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperahouses,

dancetroupes,theatercompanies,andmuseums,butalsowiththerecordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansof

the20thcentury.Thererecordingsarecheap,availableeverywhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherinartisticqualitythan

today’sliveperformances;moreover,theycanbe“consumed”atatimeandplaceofthelistener’

widespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbroughtaboutacrisisintheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassical

concert.

Onepossibleresponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattractivenewmusicthatisnotyetavailableonrecord.

Gilbert’sowninterestinnewmusichasbeenwidelynoted:

AlexRoss,aclassical-musiccritic,hasdescribedhimasaman

whoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonicinto“amarkedlydifferent,morevibrantorganization.

natureofthatdifference?

Merelyexpandingtheorchestra’srepertoirewillnotbeandenoughthePhilharmonic.IfGilbert

aretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica’soldestorchestraandthenewaud

attract.

21.WelearnfromPara.1thatGilbert’sappointmenthas

[A]incurredcriticism.

[B]raisedsuspicion.

[C]receivedacclaim.

[D]arousedcuriosity.

22.TommasiniregardsGilbertasanartistwhois[A]influential.

[B]modest.

[C]respectable.

[D]talented.

23.Theauthorbelievesthatthedevotedconcertgoers

[A]ignoretheexpensesofliveperformances.

[B]rejectmostkindsofrecordedperformances.

[C]exaggeratethevarietyofliveperformances.

[D]overestimatethevalueofliveperformances.

24.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueofrecordings?

[A]Theyareofteninferiortoliveconcertsinquality.

[B]Theyareeasilyaccessibletothegeneralpublic.[C]Theyhelpimprovethequalityofmusic.[D]Theyhaveonlycoveredmasterpieces.

25.RegardingGilbert’sroleinrevitalizingthePhilharmonic,theauthorfeels

[A]doubtful.

[B]enthusiastic.

[C]confident.

[D]puzzled.

Text2

WhenLiamMcGeedepartedaspresidentofBankofAmericainAugust,hisexplanationwassurprisinglystraightup.

Ratherthancloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuses,hecamerightoutandsaidhewasleavingygoalof

runningacompany.”Broadcastinghisambitionwas“verymuchmydecision,”McGeesays.Withintwowee

talkingforthefirsttimewiththeboardofHartfordFinancialServicesGroup,whichnamedhimCEOandchairmanon

September29.

McGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtimetoreflectonwhatkindofcompanyhewantedtorun.It

alsosentaclearmessagetotheoutsideworldabouthisaspirations.AndMcGeeisn’talone.Inrecentw

executivesatAvonandAmericanExpressquitwiththeexplanationthattheywerelookingforaCEOpost.Asboards

scrutinizesuccessionplansinresponsetoshareholderpressure,executiveswhodon’tgetthenodalso

Aturbulentbusinessenvironmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousoflettingvaguepronouncementscloudtheirreputations.

Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakehold,deputychiefsmaybemorewillingtomakethejumpwithoutanet.Inthethirdquarter,CEOturnoverwasdown23%fromayearagoasnervousboardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhad,accordingtoLiberumResearch.Astheeconomypicksup,opportunitieswillaboundforaspiringleaders.

Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetteroneisunconventional.ForyearsexecutivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbepoached.SaysKorn/Ferrysenior

partnerDennisCarey:

”Ican’tthinkofasinglesearchI’vedonewhereaboardhasknotatsittingnstructedCEOsmetoloofirst.”

Thosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaven’talwayslandedintoppositionsquickly.EllenMarramquitaschiefof

Tropicanaadecadeage,sayingshewantedtobeaCEO.ItwasayearbeforeshebecameheadofatinyInternet-basedcommoditiesexchange.RobertWillumstadleftCitigroupin2005withambitionstobeaCEO.Hefinallytookthatpostatamajorfinancialinstitutionthreeyearslater.

Manyrecruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingfortopperformers.Thefinancialcrisishasmadeitmoreacceptableto

bebetweenjobsortoleaveabadone.“Thetraditionalrulewasit’ssafertostaywhereyouare,butthatfundamentallyinverted,”saysoneheadhunter.“Thepeoplewho’vebeenhurttheworstarethosewho

26.WhenMcGeeannouncedhisdeparture,hismannercanbestbedescribedasbeing[A]arrogant.

[B]frank.[C]self-centered.[D]impulsive.

27.AccordingtoParagraph2,seniorexecutives’quittingmaybespurredby

[A]theirexpectationofbetterfinancialstatus.

[B]theirneedtoreflectontheirprivatelife.

[C]theirstrainedrelationswiththeboards.

[D]theirpursuitofnewcareergoals.

28.Theword“poached”（Line3,Paragraph4）mostprobablymeans[A]approvedof.

[B]attendedto.[C]huntedfor.

[D]guardedagainst.

29.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat[A]topperformersusedtoclingtotheirposts.[B]loyaltyoftopperformersisgettingout-dated.[C]topperformerscaremoreaboutreputations.[D]it’ssafertosticktotheditionaltrarules.

30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

[A]CEOs:

WheretoGo?

[B]CEOs:

AlltheWayUp?

[C]TopManagersJumpwithoutaNet[D]TheOnlyWayOutforTopPerformers

Text3

Theroughguidetomarketingsuccessusedtobethatyougotwhatyoupaidfor.Nolonger.Whiletraditionalmedia–suchastelevisioncommercialsandprintadvertisements–stillplayamajorrole,companiestodaycanexploitmanyalternativeformsofmedia.Consumerspassionateaboutaproductmaycreate“owned”mediabysending-mailealertsaboutproductsandsalestocustom