高中英语教材核心词汇讲解及训练新人教版必修1.docx
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高中英语教材核心词汇讲解及训练新人教版必修1
核心词汇梳理并重点训练
必修1
Unit1Friendship
upset,ignore,concern,settle,suffer,recover,addup,
gothrough,setdown,getalongwith,joinin
1.upsetadj.心烦意乱的;不安的;不适的
vt.使不安;使心烦;弄翻;打乱(计划等)
sthupsetsb某事使某人心烦意乱
sbupsetsth某人打/弄翻某物
upsetaplan打乱计划
beupsetabout/over/atsth为某事烦心
upsetone’sstomach使(肠胃)不适
eg:
Hisstrangebehaviourupsethisfather.
Don’tupsetyourselfabouttheexam.
It’supsethimthatnobodyhadbotheredtotellhimaboutit.
Itupsetsmetothinkofherallaloneinthatbighouse.
注:
upset为表语形容词,非定语形容词;其过去式和过去分词形式仍为upset;现在分词形式为upsetting。
2.ignorevt.不理睬;不顾;忽视
ignoresb/sth不理睬某人/某事
ignorancen.无知;愚昧;不知道
beinignoranceof/aboutsth不知道某事
ignorantadj.无知的;愚昧的;不知道的beignorantthat…不知道某事
beignorantof/aboutsth不知道某事
eg:
Heignoredallthe“NoSmoking”signsandlitupacigarette.
Wecan’taffordtoignoretheiradvice.
He’scompletelyignorantaboutmoderntechnology.
3.concernn.[U]关心,担忧[C]关心的人或事
vt.涉及;参与;使担心,使操心
Itisnoconcernofmine/yours.
concernedadj.关心的,关切的,担忧的;焦虑的(位于名词之前);相关的(位于名词之后)
as/sofaras…beconcerned就…而言;依…之见
beconcernedabout/forsth担心…;关心…
beconcernedin/with与…有关
beconcernedover/atsth为某事忧虑
concernoneselfabout/for担忧;关心
concerningprep.关于;有关
eg:
Thereisgrowingconcernaboutviolenceontelevision.
ThePresidentisdeeplyconcernedaboutthisissue.
Heaskedseveralquestionsconcerningthefutureofthecompany.
Thischapterconcernsitselfwiththehistoricalbackground.
注:
concerned用作形容词时意为“担忧的;关心的”;用作后置定语时意为“相关的;有关的”。
另外concerning用作介词时意为“关于;对于”。
4.settlevi.安家;定居;停留
vt.使定居;安排;解决
settledown舒适地坐下(或躺下);定居;安静/平静下来
settlein/into习惯于;适应
settleon选定,决定
settleup付清账单
settledadj.稳定的;舒适自在的
settlementn.协议,定居点
eg:
Thecompanyhasagreedtosettleoutofcourt.
It’sallsettled—we’releavingonthenineo’clockplane.
Isettledheronthesofaandputablanketoverher.
5.suffervt.遭受,蒙受;后跟pain/defeat/loss/poverty/hunger/punishment/hardship以及表示疾病的词。
vi.后常跟介词from,表示“受……折磨;受……之苦,患某种疾病”。
sufferern.患病者,受苦者,受难者
sufferingn.(肉体或精神上遭受的)痛苦,疼痛
eg:
Manycompaniesaresufferingfromashortageofskilledstaff.
Hesufferedamassiveheartattack.
TheRepublicanPartyhasjustsufferedahugedefeatinthepollsrecently.
6.recovervi.&vt.痊愈;恢复;重新获得
recoverform康复,恢复
recoveroneself恢复常态
recoveryn.恢复,改善
eg:
LiuXiangisstillrecoveringfromhisoperation.
Ittookherafewminutestorecoverconsciousness.
Shehasmadeafullrecoveryfromherillness.
7.addup合计
add…in…把……加进去;包括
add…on(to)…附加,加上
add…to…在……中加上……
addto增加;加强(多用于抽象意义)
addupto总计;总共(不用于被动语态)
inaddition另外
inadditionto…除……之外
eg:
Thenumbersadduptoexactly100.
Remembertoaddinthecostofdrinks.
Aservicechargeof15%wasaddedontothebill.
8.gothrough经历,经受;仔细检查;完成;用完
goafter追赶
goagainst违反,与…不符
goahead先走;开始做;着手干
goby逝去,过去
gooff离开;爆炸
goon继续;上场;流逝
goover检查
passthrough走过;路过
livethrough经历
lookthrough浏览;往…里面看
pullthrough(大病、手术后)康复
eg:
Ialwaysstartthedaybygoingthroughmye-mail.
He’samazinglycheerfulconsideringallhe’sgonethrough.
Thingswillgeteasierastimegoesby.
9.setdown放下;记下;登记
setabout(doingsth)着手(做某事)
setout(todosth)开始,着手(做某事)
setaside留出;不顾
setback(把钟等)往回拨;推迟
setfree释放;解放
setoff动身,出发;使爆炸
setout动身,出发;着手;安排,组织
setup开办;建立;设立
setanexample树立榜样
setfireto…=onfire纵火烧
eg:
Passengersmaybesetdownandpickeduponlyattheofficialstops.
Thebadweathersetbackthebuildingprogrammebyseveralweeks.
Weneedtosetaboutfindingasolution.
注:
setabout和setout都可作“开始着手做某事”讲,但setabout后加doingsth,而setout后加todosth。
10.getalongwith与…相处;进展
getalongwithsb同某人相处
getalongwithsth某事进展/进行
getabout/around(消息)传开
get…across讲清楚;(使)被领会
getawayfrom…离开;脱身
get…back收回,找回
get…down记下来;使悲伤
getdownto认真做,开始着手做
getin到达;收割
geton…上车/船/飞机;继续进行;相处
getover…克服;摆脱
getridof…消灭,摆脱,除掉
getthrough…(电话)接通;用完;通过
gettogether聚会,联欢
eg:
She’sneverreallygotonwellwithhersister.
I’mnotgettingonveryfastwiththisjob.
It’stimeIgotdowntothinkingaboutthatessay.
Yourmeaningdidn’treallygetacross.
11.joinin参加;加入
joinup入伍,参军
joinupwith(sb)(与某人)联合,会合
joinhands(withsb)(与某人)拉起手;合伙,联合
辨析join/joinin/takepartin/attend/participate:
join表示“加入党派、组织、社团、俱乐部”等,如jointheParty/YouthLeague/army/club/organization。
joinin表示“参加正在进行的活动”,如joininagame/discussion/conversation/walk。
亦可说:
joinsbin(doing)sth。
takepartin表示“参加会议、活动”,侧重说明主语参加并发挥一定作用,part前若有修饰语,要用不定冠词,如take(anactive)partinaparty/schoolactivities/physicallabour。
attend表示“出席或参加会议、仪式、婚礼、葬礼、典礼,上课,上学,听报告”,如attendameeting/asportsmeeting/aconcert/ashow/school/alecture。
participate为正式用语,和介词in连用,表示积极地参与。
eg:
Shelistensbutsheneverjoinsin.
Ourteacheroftenjoinsusinsinginganddancing.
Howmanycountriestookpartinthe29thOlympicGamesinBeijing?
Ourchildrenattendthesameschool.
练习:
1.Theprotestersthemeetingbyshoutingandthrowingstonesatthewindows.
A.attendedB.heldC.upsetD.mixed
2.有些司机就是对速度限制视而不见。
Somedriverssimply.
3.无视别的国家的强烈反对,伊朗政府仍将继续它的核项目。
,Irangovernmentwillgoonwithitsnuclearprogram.
4.Whatthepublicisaboutiswhethermedicalworkersandscientistswillbeabletofindacureforthisnewdiseaseinashorttime.
A.concerningB.concern
C.concernedD.toconcern
5.Howarethekidstheirnewschool?
A.settlingB.settlingup
C.settlingintoD.settlingdown
6.AsaresultofthesevereearthquakeinWenchuan,thewholecitygreatlosses.
A.havesufferedfromB.suffered
C.havesufferedD.sufferedfrom
7.经济呈现出复苏的迹象。
Theeconomyisshowing.
8.警方尚未找回被盗的珠宝。
Policehavesofarfailedto.
9.---HasMarycomebackyet?
---Yes.Shehasgotmanybooksfromherelderschoolmates,which1,000.
A.addupB.adduptoC.addtoD.add
10.Theengineoftheshipwasoutoforderandthebadweatherthehelplessnessofthecrewatsea.
A.addedtoB.resultedfrom
C.turnedoutD.madeup
11.Maybetherearesomethingsamongthegirl’spapers,likeherschoolreports,oldphotosandsoon.Canyouthemandgivemewhateveryoufind?
A.gothroughB.goafter
C.gointoD.gowith
12.Thateveninghewhathehadthoughtabouttheresearch.
A.setabout;setdownB.setabout;tosetdown
C.setout;settingdownD.setout;tosetdown
13.Idon’tthinkyourspeechtothecrowd,fortheyappearedquitepuzzled.
A.gotbackB.gotaway
C.gotthroughD.gotacross
14.WhenTomwasveryyoung,hewasterriblyfrightenedofdogs,buthesoonthem.
A.gotacrossB.gotoff
C.gotawayD.gotover
15.MysistertheLeaguelastmonthandshehasdecidedtotheactivitytohelptheagednextweek.
A.joined;joininB.joinedin;join
C.joined;joinD.joinedin;joinin
Unit2Englisharoundtheworld
native,base,command,request,recognize,block,becauseof,comeup,suchas,playarole/partin,
1.nativeadj.本国的;本地的;天赋的
n.本地人;本国人
benativeto原产于某地的,土生土长的
beanativeof土生土长的本地人
gonative入乡随俗,同化
nativeart/dance/peoples土著艺术/舞蹈/民族
nativewit/intelligence与生俱来的机智/才智
eg:
ThetigerisnativetoIndia.
HeisanativeofBeijing.
Youcanalwaystellthedifferencebetweenthetouristsandthenatives.
2.basevt.以…为根据
n.基部;基地;基础
basesthon/uponsth以…为基础(或根据)
basesb/sth/oneselfin以…为据点(或总部等),把(总部等)设在
thebaseofacolumn/glass/pyramid柱基/玻璃杯底/金字塔底座
amilitary/navalbase军事/海军基地
basedadj.(以某事)为基础/根据的
baselessadj.无根据的;无缘无故的
basementn.地下室
eg:
Whatareyoubasingthistheoryon?
TheydecidedtobasethenewcompanyinNewYork.
Thetownisanidealbasefortouringthearea.
3.commandn.[C]命令,指令[U]掌握
vt.命令,指挥,支配;博得;赢得
atsb’scommand听某人指挥
underone’scommand由…指挥
underthecommandofsb在…指挥之下
have(a)commandof掌握;精通(尤指语言)
takecommandof控制
(be)incommandof掌握,控制
commandsbtodosth命令某人做某事
commandthat…(should)do…命令…
eg:
Thepolicearrivedandtookcommandofthesituation.
Applicantswillbeexpectedtohave(a)commandofEnglish.
Thecommissionintervenedandcommandedthatworkonthebuildingcease.
注:
command后面的宾语从句、表语从句或同位语从句要用虚拟语气,谓语形式是should+动词原形或省略should。
4.requestn.&vt.请求;要求
make(a)requestfor…请求;要求…
atsb’srequest=attherequestofsb应某人之要求
byrequest(of)照需要;依照请求;应邀
onrequest一经要求
requestsbtodosth请求某人做某事
requestthatsb(should)dosth请求…
requeststhfrom/ofsb向某人请求某物
Itisrequestedthat…据要求…
eg:
Hewasthereattherequestofhismanager.
Sherequestedthatnoone(should)betoldofherdecision.
Youarerequestednottosmokeintherestaurant.
常用虚拟语气的动词口诀:
一坚持insist;二命令order,command;三建议advise,suggest,propose;四要求ask,demand,request,require。
5.recognizevt.辨认出;承认
recognizesb/sthby/from…
根据…认出某人/某事(物)
berecognizedtobe/as被认作…/被认为是…
Itisrecognizedthat…人们公认…
recognitionn.认识;认出
outof/beyondrecognition认不出来
eg:
Drugswerenotrecognizedtobe/asaseriousproblemthen.
Itwasrecognizedthatthissolutioncouldonlybetemporary.
Thebookisnowrecognizedasaclassic.
6.blockn.大块;大楼;街区;一批,一组
v.阻塞,挡住
ablockofice/concrete/stone一大块冰/混凝土/石头
atowerblock高层建筑
anofficeblock办公大楼
ablockofshares一大宗股份
blockoff封锁,堵住
blockout挡住,遮住
blockup塞住,封住
block…from阻止…做…
eg:
Hisapartmentisthreeblocksawayfromthepolicestation.
Themainroadsofthecityhavebeenblockedoff.
Thefallentreesblockedusfromgoingintothefloodedarea.
注:
表示“阻止…做…”的动词有:
block…;(from)…/prevent…;(from)…/stop…;(from)…/ban…;(from)…/keep…from…
7.