论说文总论.docx

论说文总论.docx

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论说文总论

论说文总论

1、万能句型：

1）第一段：

（1）      现状说明：

教材45页“用于文章开头的语句”

V．用于文章开头的语句

1.

 ...,most/manypeoplebelievethat...,butotherpeople

2.Whenitcomesto...,people'sopinionsdiffer.Someholdtheopinionthat...,whileothersclaimthat...

3.Thereisnoconsensusofopinionsamongpeopleastothe

 of....Somepeopleclaimthat...,whileothersbelievethat....

4.Thereisageneraldiscussiontodayaboutthe

of....Thosewhocriticize...arguethat....Theybelievethat...Butpeoplewhoadvocate...,ontheotherhand,arguethat....

5.Mostpeopleareoftheopinionthat....ButIpersonallybelievethat....

6.Nowpeopleingrowingnumbersarebeginningtorealizethat....

7.Now,itisgenerallyacknowledgedthat...,butIdoubtwhether....

（2）      图表描述：

教材44页“用于描写图片或数据的语句”

III．用于描写图片或数据的语句

1.In1990,itincreased/decreasedfrom...to...

2.Bycomparisonwith1998,itdecreased/increasedby

3.Thefigurehasnearlydoubled,

 thatoflastyear.

4.Ithas

 almost

comparedwith...

5.Thenumberis

 asmuchasthatof1990.

6.It

 ...percentofthetotal.

7.Thenumberwas...,

 a

 ofthe1990total.

       2）第二段：

（1）    原因列举：

教材45页“用于解释原因的语句”

IV．用于解释原因的语句

1.Thephenomenon/changein...mainly

 thefactthat...

2.Onemayregardthephenomenonasa...

3.Therearemany

 forthisdramaticgrowth/decrease.First,...Second,...Finally,...

4.Anumberoffactorscanaccountforthechangein...

5.Anothercontributoryfactorof...is...

6.Why

 ...?

 Perhapstheprimaryreasonis....

7....isalsoresponsibleforthe

 in...

（2）    观点陈述：

教材43页“用于比较、驳斥的语句”

I．用于比较的语句

1.TheadvantagesofAoutweighanybenefitwegainfromB.

2.GoodasAis,ithasitsowndisadvantages.Foronething,it...;foranother,it....

3.AlthoughAhas

 advantageoverB...,itcannotcompetewithBin...

4.A'sadvantage

 whenB'sadvantagesareconsidered.

II．用于驳斥的语句

1.Althoughalotofpeoplebelievethat...,I

 whethertheargumentbears

2.Asopposedtowidelyheldideas,I

 that...

3.Althoughthepopular

 isthat...,（a）current

 indicatesthat...

4.Theymayberightabout...,buttheyseemto

 to

 thefactthat...

5.Althoughitiswidelyacceptedthat...,itisunlikelytobetruethat...

6.Itistruethat...,but

 that...

7.Thereis/are

 reason（s）forusto

 that...

8.Whatthesepeoplefailto

 isthat...

9.

 may

 that....Itprobablywill.But...

10.Itisonethingtobelievethat...,butitisquiteanothertosaythat...

       3）第三段：

教材46页“用于文章结尾的语句”

VI.用于文章结尾的语句

wemaysafelydrawtheconclusionthat....

2.Alltheevidencesupportsanunshakableconclusionthat....

3.Itis（high）timethatweplacedgreatemphasison....

4.Itis（high）timeweputanendtotheundesirablephenomenonof....

5.Thereis

thatfurtherattentionmustbepaidtotheproblemof....

6.Itisnecessarythateffectiveactionsshouldbetakentopreventthesituation.

2、经典范文：

1）教材11页：

1

2）教材18页：

18

四级作文范文选

（供学生参考背诵）

1.IsaTestofSpokenEnglishNecessary?

   AtestofspokenEnglishwillbeincludedasanoptionalcomponentoftheCollegeEnglishTest（CET）.SomepeoplearguethatitisabsolutelynecessarytoholdatestofspokenEnglishinChinabecausewehavebeeninformedfrequentlythataChinesestudentwhohasbeenlearningEnglishforovertenyearscannotevencommunicatewithanativespeaker.SometimeseventhosetopstudentswhoexcelingrammarandwritingskillsfindtheirEnglishinadequatetoexpresstheirthoughtsfreely.AtestofEnglishwillbringthecollegestudentsanawarenessoftheimportanceoforalEnglish,andwillthushelpthemwiththeircommunicatingskills.

   Ontheotherhand,someothersstillmaintainthatagoodcommandofreadingandwritingskillswillbeenoughfortheEnglishlearners.Tosomeextenttheiropinionderivesfromthefactthatstudentsarealreadyunderconsiderablepressurefromtheircoursework.Anotherrequiredtestwillonlyaddtotheirburden.Moreover,somestudentsmaytaketheshortcutbyfocusingonseveralguessedquestionsaccordingtothefixedformatofthetest,hopingforacoincidencetobringthemgoodluck.

   Inmyopinion,atestofspokenEnglishwilldomoregoodthanharm.SinceChinawillcontinueitspolicyofopeningandreform,theabilitytospeakEnglishfluentlyisamustforanyonewhowantstosurpassothersinahighlycompetitivesociety.WhetherItakethetestornot,IshallsparenoeffortstopracticeoralEnglishintheremainingyearsofmycollegestudy.

2.Interests

   Itisnodoubtthateveryonehashisinterests.Forexample,yoursisterisinterestedinstampcollecting;yourbrothertakesinterestinphysics;andyouyourselfhavealikingforcomputer.

   Todevelopyourinterestswillhelpyoumakewayintheworld.Ifyouliketobeateacherandyoureceiveadequateeducation,youwillcertainlymakeyourselfasuccessfulone.Ifyoucultivateyourvariousinterestsproperly,youwillprobablyfinditeasiertofindajoborprofession.

   Sometimesyouhavetogiveupyourinterestsforonethingoranother.IfyouhaveafamilyandstillyouhaveagreatinterestinwatchingTVorsomeotherpastime,youhavetogiveitupfromtimetotimesothatyoucanhelpwithhouseworkorspendtimewithyourlovelykid.

3.Honesty

   Whatishonesty?

Honestymeanstellingthetruthandbeingfairanduprightinact.Honestyisagoodvirtue.Hewholiesandcheatsisdishonest.Thosewhogainfortunes,notbyhardlabour,butbyothermeans,aredishonest.

   Honestyisthebestpolicy.Ifyouarehonestinallmatters,you'llbetrustedandrespectedbyothers.Aliarisalwayslookeddownuponandregardedasablacksheepbythepeoplearound.Onceyouhavelied,peoplewillneverbelieveyouevenifyouaretellingthetruth.Thefableoftheshepherdboyjustmakesatypicalexample.Honest,yourreputationwillbecomegreat.Dishonest,yournamewillbespoiledandyourpersonalitydegraded.

   Sincehonestyissoimportant,wemustcultivateit.Weshouldtellthetruthatalltimesinsteadofmakingsuchanexcuseas"Alittledishonestyisonlyatriflething".Weshoulderadicateimmediatelytheseedofdishonestyonceitissowedinourminds.

4.TheGenerationGap

   Thegenerationgapisthedifferentideasandattitudestowardthesamematterbetweendifferentgenerations.

   Whatcausesthedifferencesthen?

Itistherapidchangesinasocietythatmakemanythingsdifferent.Differentgenerationsreceivedistincteducation,andthereforehavedifferentknowledgeandexperiences.Parentswanttheirchildrentofollowtheirold-fashionedandtraditionalrulesandvalues.Buttheyoungstersliketoacceptthemodernonesandrejecttomaintaintheoldones.Eachgenerationhasdifferentthingstodoandtheytendtohavedifferentattitudestowardsmanymatters.Therefore,generationconflictsalwaysarise.

   Inordertonarrowthegap,eachgenerationissupposedtobeawareoftheneedsoftheother.Hastheideaeveroccurredtoyouthateachgenerationshouldrespecttheother,listentotheotheranddiscussproblemswiththeotherpatiently?

5.Travelling

   Peoplewholiketravellinghavetheirreasons.Theymaintainthattravellingcanhelpthemexpandtheirscopeofknowledge,especiallygeographicalandhistoricallearning.Theygoontopointoutthattouringprovidesmorechanceforthemtoenjoyfoodandtryonclothes,whichotherwisewouldbeimpossible.

   Thosewhodisliketravellinghavetheirreasons,too.Theywouldarguethattravellingmeansaconsiderableamountofmoneyandenergy.Forexample,trafficandaccommodationcallsformoneyandwalkingwhileseeingsightsoftentiresyou.

   Inpractice,travellingdoesmoregoodthanharm.Ifyourfinanceandhealthpermit,youmightaswelldosometravellingfromtimetotime.Itwillatleastenableyoutogetfamiliarwithpeopleandthingsthatyoumaywellgrowtolikeandlove.

6.AGoodFriend

   Everyonewantsafriendwhoencouragesthebestinhim.Suchafriendshowsheisinterestedinstrengtheninganother.Hecanbecountedontogivehissupport,andhewillcriticize,too,becauseheknowsapersonhastohavefeedbacktogrowandchange.

   Agoodfriendthinkscarefullybeforehecriticizes.Healwaysaskshimselfwhetherhiscriticismisfair.Hetriestofindoutallthefactsinvolvedinasituationbecauseheknowshowharmfulinaccuracycanbe.

   Kindnessisalsoimportanttohim.Hewantstounderstandwhattheotherpersonisfeelingandrespectthosefeelings.Ifafriendisbothaccurateandkindasacritic,everyonerespectswhathesays.Hiscriticismissomethinglikelove.

7.Automobiles

         Automobiles,astheproductofmoderncivilization,havebeenplayingavitalpartinthedailyactivitiesofhumansociety.Industryneedsautomobilesfortransportation.Agricultureneedsautomobilesforfarmingaswellastransportation.Everyday,automobilesdrivepeopletoorfromwork.Atweekends,automobilestakefamiliestojoyfuloutings.Andduringtravellingseasons,automobilesareallthemoreacommonsighteverywhere,eveninremoteareas.Itcanbesaid