英语阅读理解社会文化题20套带答案及解析.docx

英语阅读理解社会文化题20套带答案及解析.docx

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英语阅读理解社会文化题20套带答案及解析

英语阅读理解（社会文化）题20套（带答案）及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类

1．阅读理解

   Vietnamaimstosolvetherelationsbetweeneconomicdevelopmentandculturalpreservation.Vietnameseculturaldepartmentsandactivistshavetriedtopreservethehistoricalandculturalrelicsinthecountry.

   Vietnamnowhasmorethan40000historicalrelics.Theserelicsofvariousformsandhistoryaretreasuresforfuturegenerations.

   However,hundredsofrelicsareseverelydamagedduetothenegativeinfluenceoftime,warandhumanactivities.HeadofHanoiRelicsManagementBoard,NguyenDoanTuan,saysrescueworkmustpreservetherelics'soul:

"Wecannotreplaceruinedconstructionwithnewmaterials.Wemustpreserveitsshape,sizeandstyle.Weneedtopayattentiontoeverybrickreplacedsothatitlooksexactlyliketheoriginal."

   Mostrelicshavetorelyontouristfeesforrepairandrescuework.DirectorofVanMieuCulturalandScienceCenterDangKimNgoc,saysthattherelicsmustbepromotedwidelytoattractmorevisitorsandbringinmoreincomeforrepairandpreservation:

"Weprovideconstantguideservicesforvisitorssothattheyunderstandmoreaboutourrelics.Atthesametime,anaturalsurroundingoftherelichasbeenensured,includingthegrassfieldandgardentoimproveitsscenicvalue."

   Thelocalgovernmentagreedthattherelicsmustbeturnedtothecommunityforsharedeffortsinthepreservationwork.DirectorofVietnamRevolutionMuseumDangQuocQuan,saidthatthecommunitymustbeguidedinthepreservationandprotection,"TheUNESCOaimstoletlocalcommunitytakepartinthepreservationofrelics.Wehaveseenlimitationsinthepreservationofrelics,especiallyfestival-relatedgroupsofbuildings.Thisrequiresmanagementandguidancebythegovernment."

   NguyenThiMinhLyfromtheDepartmentofHeritagesaysthecommunityshouldbeguidedinproperbehaviorstowardsrelics:

"Thiswillensuretheprotectionofculturalrelicsinlatergenerations.Creativerestoration（修复）mustbebasedonprevious（先前的）values."

   Expertshavecalledforasystematic（系统的）guidancebythestateinlocallevelpreservationwhilepromotingcreativethinkinginrestorationforeachrelic.

（1）Whereisthepassagemostprobablytakenfrom?

A.Agovernmentsurvey.

B.Aresearchpaper.

C.Anewspaperreport.

D.Atravelguide.

（2）WhichofthefollowingisnotthereasonsforthedamagedrelicsinVietnam?

A.Humanactivities.

B.Poorbuildingmaterials.

C.Warinfluence.

D.Thepassingoftime.

（3）Itcanbeinferredfromparagraphs4-6thattopreserverelics,thegovernmentshould      .

A.turntotheUNESCOforfinancialhelp

B.improvethescenicvaluebyraisingtouristfees

C.encouragethecommunitytojoinintherescuework

D.makefulluseofthemoneyraisedbythelocalpeople

（4）Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.GuidetheCommunityinProperBehaviors

B.ReplacetheRuinedConstructionwithaNewStyle

C.HundredsofRelicsinVietnamAreInRuins

D.ExpertsCallforaSystematicWaytoPreserveRelics

【答案】

（1）C

（2）B

（3）C

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了越南文化部门和活动人士一直在努力保护本国的历史和文化遗产，文章说明了文物遭受破坏的原因和文物保护的现状。

就此专家们呼吁国家对地方一级的保护进行系统的指导，同时促进对每一件文物的创造性修复。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“Vietnameseculturaldepartmentsandactivistshavetriedtopreservethehistoricalandculturalrelicsinthecountry.”越南文化部门和活动人士一直在努力保护本国的历史和文化遗产，以及文章主要内容为介绍专家们呼吁用一种系统的方法来保护文物，故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“However,hundredsofrelicsareseverelydamagedduetothenegativeinfluenceoftime,warandhumanactivities.”然而，由于时间、战争和人类活动的负面影响，数以百计的文物遭到严重破坏，故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第五段中的“Thelocalgovernmentagreedthattherelicsmustbeturnedtothecommunityforsharedeffortsinthepreservationwork.DirectorofVietnamRevolutionMuseumDangQuocQuan,saidthatthecommunitymustbeguidedinthepreservationandprotection,‘TheUNESCOaimstoletlocalcommunitytakepartinthepreservationofrelics...’”当地政府同意，文物必须移交给社区，共同努力进行保护工作。

越南革命博物馆馆长DangQuocQuan说，社会必须在保护和保护的指导下，“联合国教科文组织的目的是让当地社会参与文物的保”可以推断，为了保护文物，政府应该鼓励社区参与救援工作。

故选C。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据最后一段“Expertshavecalledforasystematicguidancebythestateinlocallevelpreservationwhilepromotingcreativethinkinginrestorationforeachrelic.”专家们呼吁国家对地方一级的保护进行系统的指导，同时促进对每一件文物的创造性修复，以及结合文章主要内容为越南文化部门和活动人士一直在努力保护本国的历史和文化遗产可知，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   TherearelotsofwaystoeducateyourselfontheInternet.Youcanfindphotos,documents,andfilmsonalmostanytopicyoucanimagine.Andat,youcanaccesslecturesbyartists,scholars,designers,techniciansandothers.

   TEDbeganin1984asaconferencethatbroughttogetherindividualsfromthefieldsoftechnology,entertainmentanddesign.Itwasintendedtobeaone-timeeventfocusingontechnologyanddesign.Theeventendeduplosingmoney,anditwassixyearsbeforethefounderstrieditagain.Thistimeitworked,andsince1990,theTEDconferencehasbeenanannualevent.Therearenowtwoheldeveryyear,withtopicsasdiverseasmusic,medicine,andmoney.Otherspecializedspin-offconferencesaddressnarrowerissues.

   TheTEDwebsitecamefromadesiretosharetheconferenceswiththeworld,to"offerfreeknowledgefromtheworld'smostinspiredthinkers,"asthewebsiteputsit.ThecurrentversionofthesitewaslaunchedinApril2007,andcontainsvideosoftalksgivenattheTEDconferencesaroundtheworld.Thetalksaretranscribedintohundredsoflanguages.

   TheTEDwebsiteisownedbytheSaplingFoundation,anonprofitdevotedtofosteringthespreadofgreatideas.TheSaplingfoundationacquiredTEDin2001.Sincethen,ithasbeenfocusingonusingTEDtobroadcastideasthatmightchangetheworld.

   TED,ofcourse,isn'timmunetocriticism.It'sbeencalledelitist（精英）foritshighticketprices（morethan6,000dollarstotal）.It'sbeenaccusedbyafewpeopleofcensorshipfornotpublishingtheirtalks.Onecontroversialspeakerwasupsetaboutbeingcriticizedbytheconference'shostafterward.

   Thecomplaints,however,seemtoberelativelyfewforsuchalarge,long-runningorganization.AndaccusationsofelitismringhollowwhensomuchisgivenawayforfreeonTED'swebsite.Whateveritsfailings,TEDisasourceofinspirationalinformationforthosewhoseekitout.

（1）Whatisthemaintopicofthearticle?

A.ThecaseagainstTED

B.What'sonTEDtoday.

C.Prosandconsof.

D.WhatisTED

（2）WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

A.TheTEDconferencecameafterthesuccessof.

B.TwoTEDconferencesarenowheldeveryyear.

C.TEDtalksareavailableinmanylanguages.

D.TheSaplingFoundationowns.

（3）Fromthelasttwoparagraphs,wecaninferthat________.

A.itisacceptedtoallinvolvedthatsomeTEDtalksmightnotbepublished

B.thehostoftheconferenceisonewhoplaysasupportiveroletothespeakers

C.TEDiscriticizedforgivingspecialtreatmenttothewealthyorpowerful

D.thenegativecommentsonTEDgreatlyaffectsitsreputation

（4）Thisauthorprobablybelievesthat________.

A.TEDiselitist

B.TEDisbeneficial

C.TEDisn'timportant

D.TEDisthebestwebsite

【答案】

（1）D

（2）A

（3）C

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了TED以及它的历史发展。

（1）考查主旨大意。

根据第一段中的“Andat,youcanaccesslecturesbyartists,scholars,designers,techniciansandothers.”在，你可以访问艺术家、学者、设计师、技术人员和其他人的演讲。

以及以下几个段落的内容，可知这篇文章的主题是“TED是什么”，故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“TheTEDwebsitecamefromadesiretosharetheconferenceswiththeworld,to‘offerfreeknowledgefromtheworld'smostinspiredthinkers,’asthewebsiteputsit.”TED网站源于一种与世界分享会议的愿望，用网站的话说，就是“向世界上最有灵感的思想家们提供免费的知识”。

可知，“TED大会是在网站成功之后召开的”这种表述错误，故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据倒数第二段中的“TED,ofcourse,isn'timmunetocriticism.It'sbeencalledelitist（精英）foritshighticketprices.”当然，TED也免不了受到批评。

它因其高昂的票价被称为精英主义；以及最后一段中的“AndaccusationsofelitismringhollowwhensomuchisgivenawayforfreeonTED'swebsite.”而当这么多东西在泰德的网站上免费赠送时，精英主义的指责就显得空洞了。

可推断出，TED因给予富人或有权势的人特殊待遇而受到批评，故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“Whateveritsfailings,TEDisasourceofinspirationalinformationforthosewhoseekitout.”不管它的缺点是什么，TED都是那些寻找它的人鼓舞人心的信息来源。

可推断出，这位作者可能认为TED是有益的，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   Takealookatthefollowinglistofnumbers:

4,8,5,3,7,9,6.Readthemloud.Nowlookawayandspend20secondsmemorizingtheminorderbeforesayingthemoutloudagain.IfyouspeakEnglish,youhaveabouta50%chanceofrememberingthoseperfectly.IfyouareChinese,though,you'realmostcertaintogetitrighteverytime.Whyisthat?

Becausewemosteasilymemorizewhateverwecansayorreadwithinatwo-secondperiod.AndunlikeEnglish,theChineselanguageallowsthemtofitallthosesevennumbersintotwoseconds.

   ThatexamplecomesfromStanislasDahaene'sbookTheNumberSense.AsDahaeneexplains:

Chinesenumberwordsareremarkablybrief.Mostofthemcanbespokenoutinlessthanone-quarterofasecond（forinstance,4is“si”and7“qi”）.TheirEnglishpronunciationsarelonger.ThememorygapbetweenEnglishandChineseapparentlyisentirelyduetothisdifferenceinlength.

   Itturnsoutthatthereisalsoabigdifferenceinhownumber-namingsystemsinWesternandAsianlanguagesareconstructed.InEnglish,wesayfourteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteenandnineteen,soonemightexpectthatwewouldalsosayoneteen,twoteen,threeteen,andfiveteen. Butwedon't.Weuseadifferentform:

eleven,twelve,thirteenandfifteen.Fornumbersabove20,weputthe“decade”firstandtheunitnumbersecond（twenty-one,twenty-two）,whilefortheteens,wedoittheotherwayaround（fourteen,sev