四六级写作 三段式 吐血 精华版.docx

四六级写作 三段式 吐血 精华版.docx

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四六级写作三段式吐血精华版

四六级写作三段式

一、开头常用短语句式（introduction），介绍文章的背景

（1）Withthe（rapidly）growingpopularityof（computers/privatecars）inChina,thequalityofourliveshasbeenconsiderablychanged.

（2）Withthe（rapid）growthof（oureconomy/population）,manyproblemssuchas（watershortages/wasteofenergy/lackofprofessionalsandchaoticmanagement）arebeginngtosurface

（3）Withthedevelopmentof（scienceandtechnology/marketeconomy）,moreandmore/anincreasingnumberofpeoplecometorealizethat...

（4）Currentlythereisawidespread/seriousconcernover（illegalpublication/drugabuse/negativeinfluenceofwesterncultures）.

（5）Nowadays,aheateddebated/discussionabout...isunderwayinChina.somepeoplebelievethat...,whereasothersarguethat...

（6）Therearesomereasonsforowning（privatecars/personalcomputers）.Tobeginwith,...Next,...Last,...Thereare,ontheoherhand,manyreasonsagainstit.First,...Second,...Finally,...

（7）Therearemanyadvantangesanddisadvantagesin（owningacar）.

（8）Therearevarious/atleastthreeways/possibletechniques/problems/methodstodosomething

（9）Smoking/Alcoholicbeverageshouldbebannedfromcollegecampusesfortoereasons.Thefirstreasonisthat...Thesecondreasonisthat.../Ontheonehand,...Ontheotherhand....

（10）Thepossiblesolutionsof（theenerycrisis/watershortanges/thesesocialproblems）dependonthreefactors...

（11）Thetowmajorreasonsresponsiblefor（therapideconomicgrowth/thewidespreadoffakeproducts）are...

二、主体部分，一般提出论点，描述原因

这部分要注意观点与观点，句与句的衔接，使用恰当的连词或短语能为文章增添不少的两点

A，引出论点句型：

1.AsfarasIamconcerned,

2.Asforme.

3.Istronglyholdthebeliefthat

4.Ideemthat

B，阐述原因或影响可用的句型

1.Therearemany/avarietyofgood/possiblereasonsfor/againstthisphenomenon

2.Therearenumerousreasonswhy....andIwouldexploreonlyafewofthemostimportantoneshere.

3.Anumberof/Amultitudeoffactorscouldaccountfor/contributeto/leadto/resultin...

4.Ithasexertedaprofoundinfluenceon...

5.Themostcontributing/contributoryfactoris...

6.Oneoftheprimarycausesperhapsisthat...

7.Theleading/mostobviousreasonis...

8.Theroot/underlyingcauseof...is...

9....ismainlyresponsiblefor...

10.Themajorfactorliesin..

C.引出事例的句型及词组

1.Take…forexample

2.forinstance…/inthiscase../namely…/suchas…/acaseinpointis.../consider.../statedroughly

3.asanillustration，wemaytakethecaseof..

4.agoodexample（of...）wouldbe...

5.todetailthis，Iwouldliketo...

6.Itisinterestingtonotethat...

7.takeasexample（something）;asregards

8.Icanthinkofnobetterillustrationofthisideathantheexampleof…

9.History/ournation/oursocietyisfilledwiththeexampleof…

其他常用词组

1）顺序关系：

Firstly...secondly...thirdly

Inthefirstplace...inthesecondplace...inthethirdplace

首先firstofall/tobeginwith/firstandforemost

其次besides/inaddition/furthermore/moreover/asidefrom/what'smore

最后finally/lastly/lastofall/lastbutnotleast/inthelastplace/aboveall/eventually/atlength

2）因果关系：

因为because/becauseofthis…;beingthat…;anotherimportantfactor／reason…;since…;inthat...;owingto…;dueto…;forthereasonthat...;inviewof…;thereasonseemstobeobvious…;thereareabout...;forthisreason;

所以asaresultofthis…;therefore…;....andso...;consequently…;asaresult…;thus…hence…sothat...inconsequence；asaconsequence；accordingly;inevitably;

3）转折关系：

but；evenso；however；though；eventhough；independentof；recklessof；despitethat；inspiteofthat；regardlessof;yet...；andyet；butunless.

4）并列关系：

and;also；too；aswellas；either...，or...；both...and...

5）（补充）递进关系：

notonly...butalso...；not...but...；；additionally,muchmoreinteresting,morespecifically,next,besides；inotherwords；ontheonehand...，ontheotherhand...；even；asapoplarsayinggoes...；inordertodoit...;meanwhile；atthesametime；accordingly；equallyimportant;

ofevengreaterappeal.

6）比较关系：

similarly;inlikemanner,incomparisonwith；whencomparedwith；comparedwith；wheninfact...;like...；likewise；similarlyimportant；apartfrom（doing）...；...ratherthan...，bydoingso；both…and...;inthesameway;notonly...but（also）.

7）对照（不同点）：

yet;still;forallofthat;notwithstanding;rather;neither...nor;although;though;but;however;conversely；unlike；

somethingisjusttheotherwayaround；opposedto;asopposedto；

incontrast（to）；bywayof；onthecontrary；differentfromthis；asopposed

tothis；nevertheless;contraryto；whereas；while；butontheotherhand.

8）强调关系：

infact;especially；particularly；moreover；naturally;

whatismoreimportant；inreality；certainly;ofcourse;indeed;inparticular；nottomention...；believeitornot；undeniably;otherthingbeingequal；itiscertain／surethat...；tobestrict;tobetrue；bydefinition;definitely;undoubtedly;withoutadoubt;intruth,inanyevent（不论怎样）;withoutreservation（毫无保留地）;

9）条件关系:

if；unless;providedthat；ifitisthecase；inthissense；once...；ifpossible；ifnecessary

10）地点关系：

beyond;oppositeto;adjacentto;atthesameplace;there;over;inthemiddle;around;infrontof;inthedistance;farther;hereandthere;above;below;attheright;between;onthisside.

11）目的关系：

withthisobject;forthispurpose;inorderthat;inthisway,since;sothat;onthataccount;incase;withaviewto;forthesamereason.

12）时间关系：

atonce;immediately;atlength;inthemeantime;meanwhile;atthesametime;intheend;then;soon;notlongafter;later;atonce;atlast;finally;sometimeago;atpresent;allofasudden;fromthistimeon;fromtimetotime;sincethen;when;whenever;nextpoint;afewminuteslater;formerly;as;once;since;occasionally;inamoment;shortly;whereupon;previously

三、结尾句式　　

1.Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove/takingintoaccountofallthesefactors,wecandrawtheconclusionthat...　　

2.Itishightimethatstrictmeasuresweretakentostop...　　

3.Itisnecessarythatstepsshouldbetakento...　　

4.Inconclusion,itisimperativethat...

5….isapressingandlong-termtask.Totackletheproblem,weneedto…　　

6.Tosolvetheabove-mentionedproblem,wemust...　　

7.Insummary,ifwecontinuetoignoretheabove-mentionedissue,moreproblemswillcropup.　　

8.Withtheeffortsofallpartsconcerned,theproblemwillbesolvedthoroughly.　　

9.Wemightdomorethanidentifythecause;itisimportanttotakeactionsto...　

11.Whetheritisgoodornot/positiveornegative,onethingiscertain/clear...

三.范文篇

四六级写作题型：

首尾句作文、提纲作文（最多）、图表作文、命题作文、书信体作文

第一节首尾句作文

即根据段首（尾）句续写短文。

考题将给出每段的首句，一般为三段。

此类题的特点是以题目为中心，每段首句即为该段的主题句（topicsentences）。

考生要按围绕主题句提出论据，从而支持或说明文章主题

注意：

1.所写的内容要紧扣主题，文章应围绕段首句续写。

2.要注意句与句之间，特别是段首句与辅助句之间的自然衔接。

3.一定要审好题，所给的段首句有时是一个完整的句子，有时不是一个完整的句子，只是句子的一部分，这就要求考生找出其中表示中心思想的关键词，围绕这些关键词去扩展、描述或说明。

例题

Directions:

WriteacompositionaboutWhatWouldHappenIfThereWereNopowerinthreeparagraphs,youaregiventhefirstsentenceorpartofthefirstsentenceofeachparagraph:

　　1Eversinceearlythiscentury,electricityhasbecomeanessentialpartofourmodernlife.

　　2Iftherewerenoelectricpower,...

　　3Therefore,...

　　[范文]

　　WhatWouldHappenIfThereWereNoPower

　　Eversinceearlythiscentury,electricityhasbecomeanessentialpartofourmodernlife.Ithasplayedadecisiveroleinthemodernworld.Everybodyadmitsthatdevelopmentofourcivilizationdependsonelectricity.

　　Iftherewerenoelectricitypower,ourmodernworldwouldbeintrouble.Forinstance,allthewheelwouldstopbecausewithoutthepowerthemachinewouldceaseworking.Andalltheelectricalequipmentlifewouldbeimpossibleandinagreatmasswithoutelectricity.

　　Therefore,weshouldmakebetteruseofelectivepower.Ontheotherhand,weshouldeducatepeopletoeconomizeonelectricityandnottowasteenergyresources.Atthesametimewemustdoourbesttoexploitmoreelectricresourcestomeettherequirementsofhumanbeings.

点评：

第一段的段首句是讲电已经成为人们现代生活中必不可少的部分，因而接下来的续写部分应强调它的重要性。

第二段的段首句提出如果没有电的假设，下面列出没有电将会出现的麻烦。

最后一段指出我们应该节约用电，开拓更多的电力资源。

此外，我们可以看到，除了运用一定的高级词汇外，举例是个很好支持论点的方法，尤其是在主题很宽泛，很难用一定的句子完整的描述时，例子可以是你看过的一篇报道，身边人的经历等等，不一定需要真实但一定要能服务主题。

所以要牢记举例的连接词如文中的forinstance,还有take...forexample等固定搭配

　第二节提纲作文

　　提纲作文是要求考生根据所给出的作文题目和提纲（一般为中文提纲）进行写作。

中文提纲大多是以三个单句的形式出现的。

写提纲作文，首先要做的就是审题，并要仔细分析题目中所列举的提纲。

审完题后应该根据提纲拟出三个英文的主题句，再在这些主题句的基础上扩展成文。

在扩展的过程中一定要做到条理清楚，开门见山。

例题

1）近年来很多名牌大学都会降低标准招收名人学生，一些人强烈反对这样做

　　2）但也有不少人认为这很正常

　　3）你对此的看法是……，为什么?

　　【思路点拨】

　　本题属于提纲式文字命题。

提纲第1点指出一些人对于某种现象的看法，提纲第2点指出对该现象的另外一种看法，提纲第3点要求表明“我”的看法，由此可判断本文应为对比选择型作文。

　　根据所给提纲，本文应包含以下内容：

描述近年来名牌大学降低标准招收名人学生这一现象;对比阐述关于该现象的两种不同的看法和各自的理由;表明“我”更倾向于哪种看法并说明理由。

　　【参考范文】

　　ShouldUniversitieslowerAdmissionRequirementsforCelebrities?

　　Inrecentyears,manyfamousuniversitiesloweradmissionrequirementsforcelebrities.Moreandmorecelebrities,especiallysportsstars,havebeenadmittedtofamousuniversitiesevenwithoutanentryexamination.Thisphenomenonhasbecomeasubjectofwidespreadcontroversy.

　　Somepeopleobjectstronglythatuniversitiesloweradmissionrequirementsforcelebrities.Theyholdthatthisadmissionpatternwilldamagethebasicfairnessruleofeducation.Inaddition,theysaythatifapersonwhohasnotenoughacademicabilityisadmittedtotheuniversity,itwouldbeaninsultoncollegeeducation.However,stillotherpeoplethinkitacceptable.Theysaythatthesecelebritiesdeservethisprivilegebecausetheyhaveprovedtheirabilitiesintheirfield.Besides,intheiropinions,thesecelebritiestosomeextentsetagoodmodelforotheryoungpeople.

　　Weighingthesetwoarguments,Ipreferthelatterone.Foronething,thesecelebritiesha