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四六级写作三段式吐血精华版
四六级写作三段式
一、开头常用短语句式(introduction),介绍文章的背景
(1)Withthe(rapidly)growingpopularityof(computers/privatecars)inChina,thequalityofourliveshasbeenconsiderablychanged.
(2)Withthe(rapid)growthof(oureconomy/population),manyproblemssuchas(watershortages/wasteofenergy/lackofprofessionalsandchaoticmanagement)arebeginngtosurface
(3)Withthedevelopmentof(scienceandtechnology/marketeconomy),moreandmore/anincreasingnumberofpeoplecometorealizethat...
(4)Currentlythereisawidespread/seriousconcernover(illegalpublication/drugabuse/negativeinfluenceofwesterncultures).
(5)Nowadays,aheateddebated/discussionabout...isunderwayinChina.somepeoplebelievethat...,whereasothersarguethat...
(6)Therearesomereasonsforowning(privatecars/personalcomputers).Tobeginwith,...Next,...Last,...Thereare,ontheoherhand,manyreasonsagainstit.First,...Second,...Finally,...
(7)Therearemanyadvantangesanddisadvantagesin(owningacar).
(8)Therearevarious/atleastthreeways/possibletechniques/problems/methodstodosomething
(9)Smoking/Alcoholicbeverageshouldbebannedfromcollegecampusesfortoereasons.Thefirstreasonisthat...Thesecondreasonisthat.../Ontheonehand,...Ontheotherhand....
(10)Thepossiblesolutionsof(theenerycrisis/watershortanges/thesesocialproblems)dependonthreefactors...
(11)Thetowmajorreasonsresponsiblefor(therapideconomicgrowth/thewidespreadoffakeproducts)are...
二、主体部分,一般提出论点,描述原因
这部分要注意观点与观点,句与句的衔接,使用恰当的连词或短语能为文章增添不少的两点
A,引出论点句型:
1.AsfarasIamconcerned,
2.Asforme.
3.Istronglyholdthebeliefthat
4.Ideemthat
B,阐述原因或影响可用的句型
1.Therearemany/avarietyofgood/possiblereasonsfor/againstthisphenomenon
2.Therearenumerousreasonswhy....andIwouldexploreonlyafewofthemostimportantoneshere.
3.Anumberof/Amultitudeoffactorscouldaccountfor/contributeto/leadto/resultin...
4.Ithasexertedaprofoundinfluenceon...
5.Themostcontributing/contributoryfactoris...
6.Oneoftheprimarycausesperhapsisthat...
7.Theleading/mostobviousreasonis...
8.Theroot/underlyingcauseof...is...
9....ismainlyresponsiblefor...
10.Themajorfactorliesin..
C.引出事例的句型及词组
1.Take…forexample
2.forinstance…/inthiscase../namely…/suchas…/acaseinpointis.../consider.../statedroughly
3.asanillustration,wemaytakethecaseof..
4.agoodexample(of...)wouldbe...
5.todetailthis,Iwouldliketo...
6.Itisinterestingtonotethat...
7.takeasexample(something);asregards
8.Icanthinkofnobetterillustrationofthisideathantheexampleof…
9.History/ournation/oursocietyisfilledwiththeexampleof…
其他常用词组
1)顺序关系:
Firstly...secondly...thirdly
Inthefirstplace...inthesecondplace...inthethirdplace
首先firstofall/tobeginwith/firstandforemost
其次besides/inaddition/furthermore/moreover/asidefrom/what'smore
最后finally/lastly/lastofall/lastbutnotleast/inthelastplace/aboveall/eventually/atlength
2)因果关系:
因为because/becauseofthis…;beingthat…;anotherimportantfactor/reason…;since…;inthat...;owingto…;dueto…;forthereasonthat...;inviewof…;thereasonseemstobeobvious…;thereareabout...;forthisreason;
所以asaresultofthis…;therefore…;....andso...;consequently…;asaresult…;thus…hence…sothat...inconsequence;asaconsequence;accordingly;inevitably;
3)转折关系:
but;evenso;however;though;eventhough;independentof;recklessof;despitethat;inspiteofthat;regardlessof;yet...;andyet;butunless.
4)并列关系:
and;also;too;aswellas;either...,or...;both...and...
5)(补充)递进关系:
notonly...butalso...;not...but...;;additionally,muchmoreinteresting,morespecifically,next,besides;inotherwords;ontheonehand...,ontheotherhand...;even;asapoplarsayinggoes...;inordertodoit...;meanwhile;atthesametime;accordingly;equallyimportant;
ofevengreaterappeal.
6)比较关系:
similarly;inlikemanner,incomparisonwith;whencomparedwith;comparedwith;wheninfact...;like...;likewise;similarlyimportant;apartfrom(doing)...;...ratherthan...,bydoingso;both…and...;inthesameway;notonly...but(also).
7)对照(不同点):
yet;still;forallofthat;notwithstanding;rather;neither...nor;although;though;but;however;conversely;unlike;
somethingisjusttheotherwayaround;opposedto;asopposedto;
incontrast(to);bywayof;onthecontrary;differentfromthis;asopposed
tothis;nevertheless;contraryto;whereas;while;butontheotherhand.
8)强调关系:
infact;especially;particularly;moreover;naturally;
whatismoreimportant;inreality;certainly;ofcourse;indeed;inparticular;nottomention...;believeitornot;undeniably;otherthingbeingequal;itiscertain/surethat...;tobestrict;tobetrue;bydefinition;definitely;undoubtedly;withoutadoubt;intruth,inanyevent(不论怎样);withoutreservation(毫无保留地);
9)条件关系:
if;unless;providedthat;ifitisthecase;inthissense;once...;ifpossible;ifnecessary
10)地点关系:
beyond;oppositeto;adjacentto;atthesameplace;there;over;inthemiddle;around;infrontof;inthedistance;farther;hereandthere;above;below;attheright;between;onthisside.
11)目的关系:
withthisobject;forthispurpose;inorderthat;inthisway,since;sothat;onthataccount;incase;withaviewto;forthesamereason.
12)时间关系:
atonce;immediately;atlength;inthemeantime;meanwhile;atthesametime;intheend;then;soon;notlongafter;later;atonce;atlast;finally;sometimeago;atpresent;allofasudden;fromthistimeon;fromtimetotime;sincethen;when;whenever;nextpoint;afewminuteslater;formerly;as;once;since;occasionally;inamoment;shortly;whereupon;previously
三、结尾句式
1.Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove/takingintoaccountofallthesefactors,wecandrawtheconclusionthat...
2.Itishightimethatstrictmeasuresweretakentostop...
3.Itisnecessarythatstepsshouldbetakento...
4.Inconclusion,itisimperativethat...
5….isapressingandlong-termtask.Totackletheproblem,weneedto…
6.Tosolvetheabove-mentionedproblem,wemust...
7.Insummary,ifwecontinuetoignoretheabove-mentionedissue,moreproblemswillcropup.
8.Withtheeffortsofallpartsconcerned,theproblemwillbesolvedthoroughly.
9.Wemightdomorethanidentifythecause;itisimportanttotakeactionsto...
11.Whetheritisgoodornot/positiveornegative,onethingiscertain/clear...
三.范文篇
四六级写作题型:
首尾句作文、提纲作文(最多)、图表作文、命题作文、书信体作文
第一节首尾句作文
即根据段首(尾)句续写短文。
考题将给出每段的首句,一般为三段。
此类题的特点是以题目为中心,每段首句即为该段的主题句(topicsentences)。
考生要按围绕主题句提出论据,从而支持或说明文章主题
注意:
1.所写的内容要紧扣主题,文章应围绕段首句续写。
2.要注意句与句之间,特别是段首句与辅助句之间的自然衔接。
3.一定要审好题,所给的段首句有时是一个完整的句子,有时不是一个完整的句子,只是句子的一部分,这就要求考生找出其中表示中心思想的关键词,围绕这些关键词去扩展、描述或说明。
例题
Directions:
WriteacompositionaboutWhatWouldHappenIfThereWereNopowerinthreeparagraphs,youaregiventhefirstsentenceorpartofthefirstsentenceofeachparagraph:
1Eversinceearlythiscentury,electricityhasbecomeanessentialpartofourmodernlife.
2Iftherewerenoelectricpower,...
3Therefore,...
[范文]
WhatWouldHappenIfThereWereNoPower
Eversinceearlythiscentury,electricityhasbecomeanessentialpartofourmodernlife.Ithasplayedadecisiveroleinthemodernworld.Everybodyadmitsthatdevelopmentofourcivilizationdependsonelectricity.
Iftherewerenoelectricitypower,ourmodernworldwouldbeintrouble.Forinstance,allthewheelwouldstopbecausewithoutthepowerthemachinewouldceaseworking.Andalltheelectricalequipmentlifewouldbeimpossibleandinagreatmasswithoutelectricity.
Therefore,weshouldmakebetteruseofelectivepower.Ontheotherhand,weshouldeducatepeopletoeconomizeonelectricityandnottowasteenergyresources.Atthesametimewemustdoourbesttoexploitmoreelectricresourcestomeettherequirementsofhumanbeings.
点评:
第一段的段首句是讲电已经成为人们现代生活中必不可少的部分,因而接下来的续写部分应强调它的重要性。
第二段的段首句提出如果没有电的假设,下面列出没有电将会出现的麻烦。
最后一段指出我们应该节约用电,开拓更多的电力资源。
此外,我们可以看到,除了运用一定的高级词汇外,举例是个很好支持论点的方法,尤其是在主题很宽泛,很难用一定的句子完整的描述时,例子可以是你看过的一篇报道,身边人的经历等等,不一定需要真实但一定要能服务主题。
所以要牢记举例的连接词如文中的forinstance,还有take...forexample等固定搭配
第二节提纲作文
提纲作文是要求考生根据所给出的作文题目和提纲(一般为中文提纲)进行写作。
中文提纲大多是以三个单句的形式出现的。
写提纲作文,首先要做的就是审题,并要仔细分析题目中所列举的提纲。
审完题后应该根据提纲拟出三个英文的主题句,再在这些主题句的基础上扩展成文。
在扩展的过程中一定要做到条理清楚,开门见山。
例题
1)近年来很多名牌大学都会降低标准招收名人学生,一些人强烈反对这样做
2)但也有不少人认为这很正常
3)你对此的看法是……,为什么?
【思路点拨】
本题属于提纲式文字命题。
提纲第1点指出一些人对于某种现象的看法,提纲第2点指出对该现象的另外一种看法,提纲第3点要求表明“我”的看法,由此可判断本文应为对比选择型作文。
根据所给提纲,本文应包含以下内容:
描述近年来名牌大学降低标准招收名人学生这一现象;对比阐述关于该现象的两种不同的看法和各自的理由;表明“我”更倾向于哪种看法并说明理由。
【参考范文】
ShouldUniversitieslowerAdmissionRequirementsforCelebrities?
Inrecentyears,manyfamousuniversitiesloweradmissionrequirementsforcelebrities.Moreandmorecelebrities,especiallysportsstars,havebeenadmittedtofamousuniversitiesevenwithoutanentryexamination.Thisphenomenonhasbecomeasubjectofwidespreadcontroversy.
Somepeopleobjectstronglythatuniversitiesloweradmissionrequirementsforcelebrities.Theyholdthatthisadmissionpatternwilldamagethebasicfairnessruleofeducation.Inaddition,theysaythatifapersonwhohasnotenoughacademicabilityisadmittedtotheuniversity,itwouldbeaninsultoncollegeeducation.However,stillotherpeoplethinkitacceptable.Theysaythatthesecelebritiesdeservethisprivilegebecausetheyhaveprovedtheirabilitiesintheirfield.Besides,intheiropinions,thesecelebritiestosomeextentsetagoodmodelforotheryoungpeople.
Weighingthesetwoarguments,Ipreferthelatterone.Foronething,thesecelebritiesha