航空英语证书考试PEC飞行器术语.docx

航空英语证书考试PEC飞行器术语.docx

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航空英语证书考试PEC飞行器术语

航空英语证书考试（PEC）-飞行器术语

Abort-Earlymissionterminationduetofailure（s）thatprecludemissioncontinuation.ReturntoEarthofthecrewisaccomplishedinsidethespacecraftdesignedforEarthreturnandlanding（seeAborttoEarth,AborttoOrbit）.

AborttoEarth-Earlymissiontermination,withdirectreturntotheEarth'ssurfaceastheimmediateobjective.

AborttoOrbit-Anearlymissionterminationthathasanimmediateobjectiveofplacingtheflightsystem（CEV）inEarthorbit,priortoreturntotheEarth'ssurface.

AcceptanceTests-Testsconductedtoverifythathardwaredeliveredtohigher-levelassemblypriortodeliverytotheflighttestandpriortodeliverytotheoperationalinventoryorforoperationalsparesconformstoprogramrequirements.Acceptancetestingalsoincludesfinal"sell-off"ofthefullyassembledCEV.

Annunciate-Toprovideavisual,tactileoraudibleindication.

Ascent-ThetimefromliftofffromtheEarth'ssurface,tospacecraftinsertionintoEarthorbit.

AscentAbort-Earlymissionterminationduetofailure（s）thatprecludemissioncontinuation.ReturntoEarthofthecrewisaccomplishedinsidethespacecraftdesignedforEarthreturnandlanding.

AttitudeandPointingConstraints-Constraints,restrictionsorrequirementsonthevehiclesorientationinspace.Thesemayincludethingssuchasrequirementstoorientasensorataspecifictarget（suchasaspecificstar）,oraconstraintlimitingtheamountoftimeavehicleaxiscanbeorientedtowardaparticulartarget（suchasthesun,ordeepspace）.Theyalsoincludeconstraintsorrestrictionsonmaneuverratesandattitudedeadbands.

Automatedcontrol-Automatic,asopposedtohumanoperationorcontrolofaprocess,equipmentorasystem;orthetechniquesandequipmentusedtoachievethis.Automationisthecontrolorexecutionofactionswithnohumaninteraction.Automatedcontroldoesnotexcludethecapabilityformanualintervention/commanding,butmanualintervention/commandingisexplicitlynotrequiredtoaccomplishthefunction.

Autonomousoperations-Definedasaflightvehicleoperatingindependentofexternalcommandsorcontrol（i.e.,commandsfrommissioncontrolonEarth）.Autonomousoperationscanbefullyautomatedorrequiresomedegreeofmanualcommanding/interventionbytheonboardcrew.Autonomousoperationsthatdonotrequireonboardcrewinvolvementare,bydefinition,automated;therefore,theterm"autonomousoperations"usedintherequirementsassumesonboardcrewinvolvementintheoperations.

Berthing-AmethodofmatingtwoormoreExplorationelementsinspace.Duringaberthingoperation,thetwoelementsaremechanicallyconnectedpriortothestructuralcaptureandfinalmating（i.e.,oneelementgrapplestheotherwitharoboticarm）.Oneelementcontrolsthetrajectoryandattitudeoftheotherelementforthecontactandcapture.Finalmatingisgenerallyperformedbytheberthingmechanism.

CatastrophicHazard-Aconditionthatmaycausedeathorpermanentlydisablinginjury,majorsystemorfacilitydestructionontheground,ormajorsystemsorvehicledestructionduringthemission.

CEVAcquisitionStrategyPhase1-ThisistheformulationphasefortheCEV.Thisphasebeginsin2005withcontractawardtomultiplecontractorsandcontinuesthroughPDRforeachdesign.

CEVAcquisitionStrategyPhase2-ThisistheimplementationphasefortheCEV.Thisphasebeginsin2008withdownselecttoonecontractorandcontinuesthrough2014,withthefirsthumanlaunchoftheCEV.Thisvehicleisaspiral2-capablevehiclethatalsosatisfiesallspiral1capabilities.

CEVAcquisitionStrategyPost-Phase2-Thisisboththeinitialoperationsphaseandthespiral3upgradephasefortheCEV.Theinitialoperationsphasebeginsinthenegotiationoffirmoptionsintothe2008contractforadditionalCEVflightandalsoincludesthesustainingengineeringoftheproductionvehicles.Thespiral3upgradephasehasthecontractorupgradetheirCEVdesigntoincorporateallspiral3capabilities.Thisphasewillnotoccurifthecontractorincorporatedallspiral3requirementsintheiroriginaldesign.

CEVSystem-IncludesthespacecraftandallCEV-uniquegroundsystemsneededtosupportstandaloneandintegratedoperations.

CEVSystemFlightTests-Operatingflighttestsduringthedevelopmentphaseusedtoqualifythattheintegratedflightvehiclesystem（includingthelaunchvehicle）andgroundsupportequipment,asprocuredandverifiedbytheacceptancetestprocedures,conformtotheConstellationprogramrequirements.

CEVSystemLevelRequirements（CEV）-RequirementsthatwillbedevelopedbyConstellationSE&IinconjunctionwiththeCEVprimecontractors.Includesperformance/functionalrequirementsfortheCEVsystemandExternalInterfaceRequirements（EIRD）tootherConstellationsystems.

Commercial-Off-The-Shelf（COTS）-Commerciallyavailableproductsthatcanbepurchasedandintegratedwithlittleornocustomization,thusfacilitatingcustomerinfrastructureexpansionandreducingcosts.

Component-Anelementarydeviceorpieceofequipmentthatisabasicpartofasubsystem.

（Constellation）GroundSupportSystem-ThissystemprovidesallConstellationcommonground-basedcapabilities（e.g.,missioncontrol,launch-siteprocessing）neededtoexecuteExplorationmissions.ItdoesnotincludegroundbasedIn-spaceSupportSystems.FacilitiesandcapabilitiesthatareuniquetoasingleExplorationsystem,suchastheCTS,willbeincludedaspartofthesystemitsupports.

ConstellationSystemofSystems-Thesystemofsystemsthatincludesallcapabilitiesandsystemsthatarecriticaltoenablingsafeandsuccessfulhumanandroboticmissionsacrossthesolarsystem.

Consumables-Resourcesthatareconsumedinthecourseofconductingagivenmission.Includespropellant,power,habitabilityitems（e.g.,gaseousoxygen）,andcrewconsumables.Limitedquantityitems（suchaspropellants,powerandlifesupportfluids/gases）thatareusedduringthecourseoftheflight.Consumablesarebudgetedandmanagedtosupportallmissionneeds.

ConsumablesProductDevelopment-Theefforttoproduceplannedusageprofilesforallconsumablesthatcanconstrainamissionbynatureoftheirlimitedquantity（suchaspropellants,metabolicoxygen,andpowergeneration）.Usedforpreflightplanningandreal-timeflightoperations.

ContingencyEVACapability-AnEVAcapabilityprovidedtodealwithcriticalfailuresorcircumstances,whicharenotadequatelyprotectedbyredundancyorothermeans.

ControlBoard-Theboard,panelorforumcharteredtohaveauthorityoveraparticularsubjectoritem（ex.FlightRulesControlBoard,CrewProceduresControlBoard,etc）

CrewActivitySchedulingConstraints-Constraints,restrictionsorrequirementsontheschedulingoftheflightcrew.Includessuchinformationsuchasrequiredamountsofsleep,amountcrewsleepcanbeshifted,amountoftimeforcrewmealsandexercise,etc.

CrewExplorationVehicle（CEV）-TheCEVprovidescrewhabitationandEarthre-entrycapabilityforallExplorationSpirals.InSpirals2and3,theCEVhasbeenfunctionallydefinedasthevehicleinwhichtheexplorationcrewwillbetransportedtothelunarvicinityandsubsequentlyreturnedtotheEarthsurface.TheCEVwillalsohavethecapabilitytoperformautomatedand/orautonomousoperations（loiter）,fromLSAMseparationfromtheCEVfordescenttothelunarsurface,untiltheendofthelunarsurfacemission.

CrewExplorationVehicleLaunchSegment（CEVLS）-TheCEVLSconsistsofaCrewExplorationVehicle（CEV）,aCrewLaunchVehicle（CLV）,andallthededicatedgroundsupportinfrastructurenecessarytolaunchtheCEVtoEarthorbit.

CrewLaunchVehicle（CLV）-TheCLVisanelementoftheCTS.TheCLVwillbehuman-rated,andwilldelivertheCEVintoamission-specificEarthAscentTargetOrbit.

CrewMember-Humanonboardthespacecraftorspacesystemduringamission.

CrewOperations-Theactivitiesperformedbytheflightcrewwhileinthevehicleorduringamission.AsubsetoftheIntegratedFlightOperationsExecutionthatbeginswithcrewingressintotheCEVpriortolaunchandconcludeswiththecrewegressfromtheCEVpostlanding

CrewTransportationSystem（CTS）-TheCTSencompassestheflightelementsneededtodeliverahumancrewfromEarthtoamissiondestination,andreturnthecrewsafelytoEarth.InSpiral1,theCTSincludestheCEVandCLV.ForSpirals2and3,theCTSincludestheCEV,CLV,plusotherelementstobedefinedatalaterdatesuchasEDSandtheLSAM.TheCTSmustinteractwiththeGroundSupportSystem（GSS）duringallSpirals;currentarchitecturesrequiredeliveryoftheEDSandLSAMthroughuseoftheCDStorendezvousorbits.

CriticalHazard-Aconditionthatmaycauseasevereinjuryoroccupationalillness,lossofmission,ormajorpropertydamagetofacilities,systems,orflighthardware.

DemoFlight-The2008demonstrationflightperformedaspartoftheflighttestprogram.

DepotOperations-Theoperationsperformedofflinetoreceiveandacceptnewflighthardwarecomponents,recertifypreviouslyflownhardwarecomponentsforreuse,andtoperformmaintenanceandrepairswithintheLineReplaceableUnits（LRU's）.

DestinationSurfacetoDestinationVicinityPhase-Startswiththeinitiationoftheascent（T0）fromthedestinationsurface.Representativemissionactivitiesinclude:

ascent,abort,andorbitinsertionorlibrationcapture.Phaseendsaftersuccessfuldestinationvicinityinsertion/capture.

DestinationVicinityOperationsPhaseA-Startsatthesuccessfulinsertion/captureatthedestinationvicinity.Representativemissionactivitiesinclude:

loiterandphasing,vehicleandsyste