英语阅读练习.docx
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英语阅读练习
阅读理解短文(70篇)
Passage2
Peoplecanbeaddictedtodifferentthings--e.g.,alcohol,drugs,certainfoods,oreventelevision.Peoplewhohavesuchanaddiction(癖好;瘾)arecompulsive(难以抑制的);i.e.,theyhaveaverypowerfulpsychologicalneedthattheyfeeltheymustsatisfy.Accordingtopsychologists,manypeoplearecompulsivespenders.Theyfeelthattheymustspendmoney.Thiscompulsion,likemostothers,isirrational--impossibletoexplainreasonably.Forcompulsivespenderswhobuyoncredit(赊购),chargeaccounts(赊购帐户)areevenmoreexcitingthanmoney.Inotherwords,compulsivespendersfeelthatwithcredit,theycandoanything.Theirpleasureinspendingenormousamountsisactuallygreaterthanthepleasurethattheygetfromthethingstheybuy.
Thereisevenaspecialpsychologyofbargainhunting.Tosavemoney,ofcourse,mostpeoplelookforsales,lowprices,anddiscounts.Compulsivebargainhunters,however,oftenbuythingsthattheydon'tneedjustbecausetheyarecheap.Theywanttobelievethattheyarehelpingtheirbudgets,buttheyarereallyplayinganexcitinggame.Whentheycanbuysomethingforlessthanotherpeople,theyfeelthattheyarewinning.Mostpeople,expertsclaim,havetworeasonsfortheirbehavior:
agoodreasonforthethingsthattheydoandtherealreason.
Itisnotonlyscientists,ofcourse,whounderstandthepsychologyofspendinghabits,butalsobusinesspeople.Stores,companies,andadvertisersusepsychologytoincreasebusiness:
Theyconsiderpeople'sneedsforlove,power,orinfluence,theirbasicvalues,theirbeliefsandopinions,andsoonintheiradvertisingandsalesmethods.
Psychologistsoftenuseamethodcalled"behaviortherapy(疗法)"tohelpindividualssolvetheirpersonalityproblems.Inthesameway,theycanhelppeoplewhofeelthattheyhaveproblemswithmoney.
1.Accordingtothepsychologists,acompulsivespenderisonewhospendslargeamountsof
money.
A)andtakesgreatpleasurefromwhatheorshebuys
B)inordertosatisfyhisorherbasicneedsinlife
C)justtomeethisorherstrongpsychologicalneed
D)entirelywithanirrationaleagerness
2.Accordingtothewriter,compulsivebargainhuntersareinconstantsearchofthelowest
possibleprices.
A)becausetheywanttosavemoneytohelptheirbudgets
B)becausetheycanopenlyboastoftheirtriumphoverothersingettingthingsforless
C)andwillnothavemoneyproblemsiftheycankeeptotheirbudgets
D)buttheyseldomadmittheyfeelsatisfiediftheycangetthingsforlessthanothers
3.Whichofthefollowingistrue?
A)Allpeoplespendmoneyforexactlythesamereasonthattheyneedtobuythings.
B)Businesspeopleandadvertiserscanusethepsychologyofmoneytoincreasesales.
C)Businesspeopleunderstandthepsychologyofcompulsivebuyingbetterthanscientists
do.
D)compulsivebargainhuntersdonothaveproblemswithmoney.
4.Thearticleismainlyabout.
A)thepsychologyofmoney-spendinghabits
B)thepurchasinghabitsofcompulsivespenders
C)aspecialpsychologyofbargainhunting
D)theuseofthepsychologyofspendinghabitsinbusiness
5.Fromthepassagewemaysafelyconcludethatcompulsivespendersorcompulsivebargainhunters.
A)arereallyunreasonable
B)needspecialtreatment
C)arereallybeyondremedies
D)cannevergetanyhelptosolvetheirproblemswithmoney
Passage4
In1838thepolicaleconomistMalthouspredictedthatintimemankindwouldfacestarvation,havingoutgrowntheavailablefoodsupplies.Today,acenturyandahalflater,therearestillexpertswhoforecastthesameglobaldisaster—unlessurgentmeasuresaretakentopreventit.
Bytheendofthepresentcenturytheremaywellbeoverfivethousandmillionpeoplelivingonthisglobe,anincreaseofoverfiftypercentoftoday'5figure.Inordertokeeppacewiththisincreaseinmankindthefarmersoftheworldwouldhavetostepuptheirproductionoffoodbyatleasttwopercenteveryyear.Sucharateofincreasehasneverbeenmaintainedinanycountrybyconventionalmethodsofagriculture,despitemodernmechanizationandthewidespreaduseoffertilizer.Therearenolargeworthwhilereservesofpotentialfarmlandremaining,andgoodfertilelandiscontinuallybeingdivertedtoindustrialuse.Moreover,erosionofthesoiltakesaconstanttoll.
Intensiveresearch,carriedoutovermanyyearsinallmannersofclimaticconditions,hasproducedarevolutionarymethodofgrowingcropswithoutusinganysoilatall.Hydroponics,asthistechniqueiscalled,maywellbetheanswertoallourfoodworries.Alreadyithasaccomplishedwondersinproducinghugecrops.Hydroponicswasonceacomplicatiedandexpensivebusiness;nowitiswelloutoftheexperimentalstage.Labourcostsarefarlowerthanwhenmethodsofagricultureareemployed.Infact,itisacompletelyautomaticsystem.Thereisnohardmanualwork,nodiggingorploughing,andnoweedingtospeakof.Yieldscanbefarhigherthantheyareinsoil.
1.Whichofthefollowingbestsumsupthewholepassage'?
A)Malthus'predictionhasbeenprovedtobecorrectbymodernexperts.
B)Hydroponicsmaybetheanswertotheworldfoodshortageinthefuture.
C)Hydroponicsisanewdevelopmentinagriculture.
D)Conventionalmethodsofagricultureshouldbeimprovedsoastostepupfoodproductionbytwopercenteveryyear.
2.Thephrase"havingoutgrowntheavailablefoodsupplies"inthefirstparagraphimpliesthat.
A)theavailablefoodsupplieswillbeenoughtofeedworldpopulation
B)theearthistooexhaustedtosupportitsincreasingpopulation
C)worldpopulationwillgrowataratefasterthanfoodproduction
D)foodsupplieswillbetoomuchavailableforwouldpopulation.
3Accordingtotheauthor,whatisthemainreasonwhyanincreaseintheproductionoffoodisnotbeachieved?
A)Conventionalmethodsofagriculturearestillprevailingallovertheworld.
B)Modernmechanizationandtheuseoffertilizersarenotwellpopularizedintheworld.
C)Therearenotenoughpotentialfarmalandreservesleft.
D)Landisbeinglostthrougherosionandindustrialization.
4.Whichofthefollwoingstatementsisnottrueofhydroponics?
A)Hydroponicsisconsideredarevolutionarymethodofagriculture.
B)Hydroponicsisstilltoocomplicatedandexpensiveforpracticaluse.
C)Hydroponicshadcreatedwondersinagriculture.
D)Hydroponicshadalreadybeenemployedinfoodproduction.
5.Judgingfromthepassage,themostimportantadvantageofhydroponicsshouldbe
________.
A)higheryieldB)lowerlabourcosts
C)moreautomationD)lesshardmanualwork
Passage6
Attentiontodetailissomethingeveryonecanandshoulddo-especiallyinatightjobmarket.BobCrossley,ahuman-resourcesexpertnoticesthisinthejobapplicationsthatcomecrosshisdeskeveryday.“It’samazinghowmanycandidateseliminatethemselves,”hesays.
“Résumés(简历)arrivewithstains.Somecandidatesdon'tbothertospellthecompany'snamecorrectly.OnceIseeamistake,Ieliminatethecandidate,"Crossleyconcludes."Iftheycannottakecareofthesedetails,whyshouldwetrustthemwithajob?
"
Canwepaytoomuchattentiontodetails?
Absolutely.Perfectionistsstruggleoverlittlethingsatthecostofsomethinglargertheyworktoward."Tokeepfromlosingtheforestforthetrees,"saysCharlesGarfield,associateprofessorattheUniversityofCalifomia,SanFrancisco,wemustconstantlyaskourselveshowthedetailswe'reworkingonfitintothelargerpicture.Iftheydon't,weshoulddropthemandmovetosomethingelse."
GarfieldcomparesthisprocesstohisworkasacomputerscientistatNASA."TheApolloIImoonlaunchwasslightlyoff-course90percentofthetime,"saysGarfield."Butasuccessfullandingwasstilllikelybecauseweknewtheexactcoordinatesofourgoal.Thisallowedustomakeadjustmentsasnecessary."Knowingwherewewanttogohelpsusjudgetheimportanceofeverytaskweundertake.
Toooftenwebelievewhataccountsforothers'successissomespecialsecretoraluckybreak(机遇).Butrarelyissuccesssomysterious.Againandagain,weseethatbydoinglittlethingswithinourgraspwell,largerewardsfollow.
1.Accordingtothepassage,somejobapplicantswererejected.
A)becauseoftheircarelessnessasshownintheirfailuretopresentacleancopyofaresume
B)becauseoftheirinadequateeducationasshownintheirpoorspellinginwritingaresume
C)becausetheyfailedtogiveadetaileddescriptionoftheirbackgroundintheirapplications
D)becausetheyeliminatedtheirnamesfromtheapplicantslistthemselves
2.Theword“perfectionists”(Line1,para.3)referstothosewho________.
A)demandotherstogeteverythingabsolutelyright
B)knowhowtoadjusttheirgoalsaccordingtothecircumstances
C)paytoomuchattentiontodetailsonlytolosetheirmajorobjectives
D)arecapableofachievingperfectresultsinwhatevertheydo
3.Whichofthefollowingistheauthor'sadvicetothereader?
A)Althoughtoomuchattentiontodetailsmaybecostly,theyshouldnotbeoverlooked.
B)Don'tforgetdetailswhendrawingpictures.
C)Beawareoftheimportanceofataskbeforeundertakingit.
D)Carelessapplicantsarenottobetrusted.
4.TheexampleoftheApolloIImoonlaunchisgiventoillustratethat______.
A)minormistakescanbeignoredinachievingmajorobjectives
B)failureisthemotherofsuccess
C)adjustmentsarethekeytothesuccessfulcompletionofanywork
D)keepingone'sgoalinmindhelpsindecidingwhichdetailscanbeoverlooked
5.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe.
A)Don'tBeaPerfectionist
B)Impor