学年人教版英语必修1Section Ⅳ Grammar.docx

学年人教版英语必修1Section Ⅳ Grammar.docx

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学年人教版英语必修1SectionⅣGrammar

SectionⅣ　Grammar

定语从句（Ⅱ）

1．（教材P34）ThetimewhenIfirstmetNelsonMandelawasaverydifficultperiodofmylife.

2．（教材P34）Itwasin1952andMandelawastheblacklawyertowhomIwentforadvice.

3．（教材P34）Hewasgenerouswithhistime,forwhichIwasgrateful.

4．（教材P34）However,thiswasatimewhenonehadgottohaveapassbooktoliveinJohannesburg.

5．（教材P34）ThedaywhenNelsonMandelahelpedmewasoneofmyhappiest.

6．（教材P34）...untiltodaywehavereachedastagewherewehavealmostnorightsatall.

7．（教材P34）TheplacesoutsidethetownswheretheyweresenttolivewerethepoorestpartsofSouthAfrica.

8．（教材P34）...wewereputintoapositioninwhichwehadeithertoacceptwewerelessimportant,orfightthegovernment.

关系副词引导的定语从句

关系副词的指代及功能

关系副词

先行词

功能

when

表示时间的名词

时间状语

where

表示地点的名词

地点状语

why

reason

原因状语

1.关系副词when引导定语从句时，先行词应是表示时间的名词，关系词在从句中作时间状语。

◆IstillrememberthetimewhenIfirsttravelledbyplane.　我仍然记得我第一次坐飞机旅行的时候。

◆Wewillneverforgettheyearwhenthe29thOlympicGameswereheldinBeijing.　我们将永远不会忘记第29届奥运会在北京举办的那一年。

2．关系副词where引导定语从句时，先行词应是表示地点或抽象地点的名词，关系词在从句中作地点状语。

◆I’dliketoliveinthehousewherethereisplentyofsunshine.　我喜欢住在那个阳光充足的房子里。

◆ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.　我十年前居住的那所房子已经被拆了。

3．关系副词why引导定语从句时，先行词常常为reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语。

◆Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhedidn’tturntohisgoodfriendforhelpyesterday.

我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。

◆Canyoutellmethereasonwhyyoudidn’tcometohisbirthdayparty?

你能告诉我你没参加他的生日宴会的原因吗？

表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时，定语从句可用关系代词引导，也可用关系副词引导。

若先行词在定语从句中作状语，应用关系副词；若先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则应用关系代词。

试比较：

◆Doyourememberthedayswhenwechattedwitheachotherallnight？

　你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？

（when在从句中作状语）

◆Doyourememberthedaysthat/whichwespenttogetheronthefarm？

　你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？

（that或which在从句中作spent的宾语）

◆Thereasonwhy/forwhichyoufailedwasthatyouhadnotfollowedyourmother’sadvice.

你失败的原因是你没有听你母亲的忠告。

（定语从句中缺少状语，所以用why或forwhich,why作原因状语）

◆Iwon’tlistentothereasonthat/whichyouhavegivenus.

我坚决不听你给我们提供的那个理由。

（定语从句中缺少宾语，所以用that/which，不用why）

【即时演练1】——对比填空：

that,which,when,where,why　

①Iwillneverforgetthedaysthat/whichwespenttogether.

②Iwillneverforgetthedayswhenwestayedtogether.

③Thereasonthat/whichheexplainedatthemeetingwasnotsound.

④Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedhistrain.

⑤Keepthebookinaplacewhereyoucanfinditeasily.

⑥Thisisthehousewhich/thatwasbuiltbymygrandfatherfortyyearsago.

“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句

当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，我们通常用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。

如果指“人”，用“介词＋whom”；如果指“物”，用“介词＋which”；关系代词有时也用whose（作定语）。

选用介词的依据：

1．根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯（即固定短语）。

◆YesterdaywevisitedtheWestLakeforwhichHangzhouisfamous.　昨天我们参观了西湖，杭州因其而出名。

（befamousfor因……而出名）

2．根据先行词的搭配习惯（约定俗成，不一定是短语）。

◆Thisisthecamerawithwhichheoftentakesphotos.

这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。

（withcamera用照相机）

◆Theoldwomanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowisafamousartist.刚才和你们说话的老太太是一个著名的艺术家。

（talkwithsb.和某人谈话）

3．根据句子的意思来选择。

◆Mycomputer,withoutwhichIcan’tsurftheInternet，brokedownyesterday.

昨天我的电脑坏了，没有它我不能网上冲浪。

4．表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，通常用介词of。

◆Ihavetenbooks,halfofwhichwerewrittenbyMoYan.

我有10本书，其中一半是莫言写的。

◆Theoldmanhastwosons,bothofwhomarelawyers.

这位老人有两个儿子，他们都是律师。

在定语从句中，有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开使用，如lookafter,lookfor等不能把介词移至which或whom之前。

◆Thebabieswhomthenursesarelookingafterareveryhealthy.（正）

◆Thebabiesafterwhomthenursesarelookingareveryhealthy.（误）

【即时演练2】——关系词或介词填空

①Mariahaswrittentwonovels,bothofwhichhavebeenmadeintotelevisionseries.

②ThegirltowhomyouspokejustnowisourEnglishteacher.

③Thedaywillcomeonwhichwewillwinthefinalvictory.

④Thewomanwithwhomyoushookhandsjustnowisheadofourcompany.

⑤Thedeathofhissonwasanexperiencefromwhichheneverfullyrecovered.

单句语法填空

1．IwillneverforgetthedayswhenwestayedinAustralia.

2．Wevisitedthehousewherethefamousscientistoncelived.

3．ThereasonwhyJohnchangedhismindisnotclear.

4．Thechildwho/whom/thatthenursesarelookingafterisverywellnow.

5．ImisstheapartmentwhereIusedtolive.

6．Itwasaperiodwhentheymetveryfrequently.

7．WhenIarrived,myfriendtookmetoseethehousewhereIwouldbestaying.

8．Wehavecometoapointwhereeveryonehasdifferentopinionsanditisdifficulttoreachanagreement.

9．Bobisnowinapositionwherehehasnomoremoneytopayhisrent.

10．OneofthereasonswhyhewasrefusedintheinterviewwasthathisspokenEnglishwasterrible.

11．Thereasonwhyhegaveuphiswellpaidjobisn’tknowntous.

12．I’llneverforgetthetimethat/whichwespenttogetherinthearmycamp.

13．I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheLeague.

14．MissLiuisanexcellentteacherfromwhomIhavelearnedalot.

15．TheSmithshavetwochildren,bothofwhomworkinNewYork.

单句改错

1．Wetookmanyphotosintheshopwherewewereinterestedinforalongtime.where→which/that

2.JackistheonlyclassmatetothatIamveryclose.that→whom

3．Whydidyouputyourselfinapositionwhichyouhadnorightsatall？

which→where或在which前加in

4.I’mnotinterestedinthesubjectonthattheyaredoingaresearchnow.that→which

5．IwanttohaveafriendwithwhichIcansharemyjoyandsadness.which→whom

6．Doyoustillrememberthedayswhenwespenttogetheronthefarm？

去掉when或when→that/which

7．Idon’tknowthereasonwhichheleftthecompanywithoutsayingaword.which→why或在which前加for

8．NoonebelievedthereasonwhyTomhadgiventhismorning.去掉why或在why→that/which

9．IwillalwaysremembertheteacheraboutwhomIlearnedtheimportanceofcommunication.about→from

10．ThebookstorewhichIboughtmyfirstdictionaryhasbecomearestaurantnow.which→where或在which前加in

语法与写作

将下列句子合并升级为定语从句。

1．Theuniversityisbigandbeautiful.Mybrotherstudiesintheuniversity.

Theuniversitywhere/inwhichmybrotherstudiesisbigandbeautiful．

2．Thepartyturnedouttobequitesuccessful.WesangthebeautifulsongForeverYoungattheparty.

Thepartywhere/atwhichwesangthebeautifulsongForeverYoungturnedouttobequitesuccessful.

3．Doyouknowthelady?

OurEnglishteacheristakingaphotoofher.

DoyouknowtheladywhomourEnglishteacheristakingaphotoof?

4．Roseknewtheyear.TheRedCrosswasfoundedintheyear.

Roseknewtheyearwhen/inwhichtheRedCrosswasfounded.

5．Paullookedsoexcitedtoday.Hisfrienddidn’tknowtherealreason.

Paul’sfrienddidn’tknowtherealreasonwhy/forwhichhelookedsoexcitedtoday.

6．Wepaidavisittothatcoffeeshoplastsummer.Awriterwrotehisfamousbookinthecoffeeshop.

Lastsummerwepaidavisittothecoffeeshopwhere/inwhichawriterwrotehisfamousbook.

7．We’llgotohearthefamoussinger.Weoftentalkedaboutthefamoussinger.

We’llgotohearthefamoussingerwhomweoftentalkedabout．

8．Shehasthreesons.Allofhersonsareabroadnow.

Shehasthreesons,allofwhomareabroadnow.

9．Therearesixtystudentsinourclass.Thirtyofthestudentsinourclassareboys.

Therearesixtystudentsinourclass,thirtyofwhomareboys.

10．Hewrotemanychildren’sbooks.Nearlyhalfofthechildren’sbookswerepublishedinthe1990s.

Hewrotemanychildren’sbooks,nearlyhalfofwhichwerepublishedinthe1990s.

单句语法填空

1．I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedthefootballclub.

2．Xi’anistheplacewhereIwasborn.

3．Hedidn’ttellmethereasonwhyhewassosad.

4．Doyoustillrememberthedaywhenwemetonthetrainforthefirsttime?

5．WevisitedthehospitalwhereIwasbornthirtyyearsago.

6．Thenumberofthepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityeachyearhasrisentoonemillion.

7．Theyhavereachedthestagewheretheyaregoingtogetmarried.

8．ThecarwhosewindowgotbrokenintheaccidentbelongstoMrBrown.

9．ThisistheprimaryschoolwherebothmybrotherandIstayedforsixyears.

10．Wewentthroughaperiodwhencommunicationswereverydifficultintheruralareas.

阅读理解

A

ClaraBarton,bornonChristmasin1821,iswidelyknownasoneofthemosthonouredwomeninAmericanhistory.Shebeganteachingschoolwhenmostteachersweremenatthattime.Later,shebecameoneofthefirstwomenevertobeemployed（雇用）bythegovernment.

HercareerinhelpingthesickbeganwhenherbrotherDavidbecameherfirstpatient.HefelldownfromtheroofofahousewhenClarawasjust11yearsold.Shestayedbyhissideandlookedafterhimforthreeyears,learninghowtogivehimallhismedicines.

WhentheCivilWarbeganin1861,sheimmediatelyrecognisedthatthepoorlyequippedsoldiersneededhelp.Insteadofwaitingforotherstostepin,Claracollectednecessarythingsonherown,askedthepublicfordonationsandlearnthowtostoreanddistributethemtosoldiers.Shealsoreadtothesoldiersandwrotelettersforthem.

AftertheBattleofCedarMountaininnorthernVirginiain1862,Claraarrivedatafieldhospitalatmidnightwithavehiclefullofsupplies.AdoctornamedPaulSmithatthathospitalwouldlaterwrite,“Ithoughtheavenhadsentoutanangelthatnight—herassistancearrivedatexactlytherighttime.”

In1869,ClarawenttoEuropeandlearntabouttheInternationalCommitteeoftheRedCross.UponherreturntotheUnitedStates,shesuccessfullyfoundedtheAmericanRedCross.Sheledtheorganisationforthenext23years.Herlastfieldmission（使命）asleaderoftheAmericanRedCrosswastohelpthevictimsofthe1900Galvestonhurricane.ShedidnotretirefromtheAmericanRedCrossuntilshewas83.Truetohernature,Claraalwayswenttowheretheneedwasthegreatest.

Today,theAmericanRedCrosscontinuesthemissionClarastartedmorethan100year