从存在主义女性主义分析《逃离》中卡拉的第二性.docx

从存在主义女性主义分析《逃离》中卡拉的第二性.docx

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从存在主义女性主义分析《逃离》中卡拉的第二性

Acknowledgements

Thanksforgivingachancetoexpressmygratitude.Thiswell-donethesisisguidedbymyattentiveandpatientsupervisorWangFanwhohashelpedmeworkoutanoutlineofthepaper,gavemevaluablesuggestionsonhowtocollectmaterialsandorganizemypaper,andinspiredmetothinkmypaperdeeply.Asforthat,I’mverygrateful.Secondly,IwanttothankAliceMunro’sdistinguishedshortstoryRunaway.ThanksarealsoextendedtoCNKIprovidingmanyhelpfulmasters’thesesandacademicjournals.Inaddition,Iwishtothankthelibrarythatsuppliedmewithreferencematerialsofgreatvalue.Withoutthesupportandassistanceabove,thisthesiswouldnothavebeenpossible.Thanksagain.

Abstract

AliceMunro,oneofthemostfamousCanadianwriterstoday,iswell-knownforshortstories.AliceMunrowontheNobelLiteraturePrizebyRunawayin2013.Inrecentyears,studyingRunawayhasbeenbecomingavogueinscholarsathomeandabroad,mostlyfromtheperspectivesofliteraturecriticism,imagismandfree-feminism.

ThispaperwillanalyzethesecondsexofCarlainRunawayfromtheperspectiveofexistentialistfeminism.ThroughexplainingreasonsbehindCarla’srunaways--afailureandasuccess,thispaperwillexplore“theOther”and“internality”inCarla’sfemaleconsciousness.

Itisdividedintofiveparts.ThefirstpartwillgivebrieflyintroductionsaboutAliceMunroandRunaway.Thesecondpartwillstateexistentialism,existentialistfeminismandthesecondsex.ThethirdpartwillanalyzerelationshipsbetweenCarlaandotherrolesinthisshortstoryfromtheperspectiveofthedevelopmentofCarla’sfemaleconsciousness.ThefourthpartwillanalyzethesecondsexofCarlafromtheperspectiveofexistentialistfeminism.ThefifthpartwillgiveaconclusionthatimmaturedevelopmentofCarla’sfemaleconsciousnesscausedthetwodifferentresultsofrunaways,thatistosay,“theOther”and“Internality”madeitdifficulttobeindependentcompletelyforCarla.

KeyWords:

AliceMunro;Runaway;existentialistfeminism;thesecondsex

摘要

艾丽丝门罗是当代最著名的加拿大作家之一，以短篇小说闻名于世，2013年因《逃离》一书获诺贝尔文学奖。

近年来，国内外学者对此小说的研究逐渐火热，主要是从文学批评、意象主义及自由女性主义角度进行分析解读。

本文将从存在主义女性主义角度分析《逃离》一书中卡拉的第二性。

通过解读卡拉两次逃离的成功与失败背后的原因，探究卡拉女性意识发展中的“他者”及“内在性”。

本文分五部分：

第一部分：

介绍艾丽丝门罗与《逃离》；

第二部分：

阐述存在主义、存在主义女性主义及第二性；

第三部分：

从卡拉的女性意识发展的角度来分析小说中其他角色与卡拉的关系；

第四部分：

从存在主义女性主义的角度来分析卡拉的第二性意识；

第五部分：

通过本文的分析，得出结论：

卡拉两次逃离的结果是由于她女性意识发展的不成熟，即“他者”和“内在性”使卡拉在精神上难以完全独立。

关键词：

艾丽丝门罗；《逃离》；存在主义女性主义；第二性

Contents

TOC\o"1-2"\h\u1.Introduction1

1.1IntroductionofAliceMunro1

1.2IntroductionoftheplotofRunaway2

2.LiteratureReview3

2.1AccountsonExistentialism4

2.2ExistentialistFeminism7

2.3TheSecondSex7

3.RelationshipsBetweenCarlaandOthers8

3.1CarlaandHerFamily9

3.2CarlaandClark9

3.3CarlaandFlora10

3.4CarlaandSylvia10

4.AnalysisoftheSecondSexofCarla11

4.1TheFirstRunawayofCarlaandtheSecondSex11

4.2TheSecondRunawayofCarlaandtheSecondSex12

4.3TheTwoRunawaysofCarlaandtheMale-dominatedInternality13

5.Conclusion13

Bibliography15

TheAnalysisoftheSecondSexofCarlainRunawayfromthePerspectiveofExistentialistFeminism

1.Introduction

Firstly,thispartwillintroduceAliceMunroaboutherlife,shortstoriesandwritingstyle.ThenitwillbrieflytellthespotofRunaway.

1.1IntroductionofAliceMunro

AliceMunro,Canadianwriter,wasborninWingham,Ontarioin1931.Inherearlyage,AliceMunrostartedtowritenovels,amongwhichincludedRunaway,DanceoftheHappyShades,TheProcessofLoveandLivesofGirlsandWomen.Munro’sfictionismostoftensetinhernativeHuronCountyinsouthwesternOntario.Whatshemainlywritesarethenormaldailylivesofnormalcitizensincommontowns,butinvolvedthemesareusuallyrelatedtoillnessanddeath.CynthiaOzick,AmericanJewishwriter,saidthatAliceMunroistoday’sChekhov.Inmostcommentsofoccidentalmediaaverygenerousname,thegreatestnovelist,isgiventoAliceMunro.ShewontheNobelPrizeinLiteratureinOctober10,2013.

ThefirstshortstoryofMunroisDanceoftheHappyShades（1968）whichgetsCanada’sGovernorGeneral’sLiteraryAward.AliceMunro’scollectionsofstoriesincludeFriendsofMyYouth（1973）,OpenSecrets（1994）,TheLoveofaGoodWoman（1996）, Hateship,Friendship,Courtship,Loveship,Marriage（2001）,Runaway（2004）,etc.TheViewfromCastleRockpublishedin2006isherlatestwork.SheeverpublishedalongstorynamedLivesofGirlsandWomen（1973）whichgotlittlepeople’sattention.Whatthisstoryreflectsisthatcommonpeople,especiallywomen,liveacommonandordinarylifewhichalwaysrevealstheirtragicalfates.Munrosaidherself,“whereIwanttomakereadersastonishedisnotwhathappenedbutthewayofhappening”.

Munro’swritingstylestalkaboutbirth,senility,illnessanddeathfromtheviewofwomen.MostofMunro’swritingsarewomen’sstories.Inherearlywriting,shealmostwrotesomeyoungmarriedgirlswhoweretormentedbylove,sex,betrayalandchildren,etc.Later,shefocusedonmiddle-agedwomenstrugglinginthemid-lifecrisisandchores,whoallhaddesireandpity,strengthandweakness.Munro’snovelspaylessattentiontoplotsandmoreattentiontothechangeoftimeandspacethatbreakupandresetmemoriesandreallives.Whatshewantstoexpressisthatmaybethereisanewpointofviewtoseetheworld;thatistosay,literaturecanhelppeopletoknowtheworldinanewway.Sheeverintroducedthewayofreadingnovelsinanessay:

unlikearoad,anovelislikeahousemuchmore.Yougointothehouse,stayforawhile,walkaroundandobservetherelevancebetweenroomsandcorridors;thenyoulookoutofthewindowtoseewhathappenedoutsideworld.

Inrecentyears,AliceMunro’sworksarealwaysreadonAmericansignificantjournals,suchasNewYorker,TheAtlanticMonthlyandParisReview.Shenearlypublishedanewshortstoryeachtwoorthreeyears.ShehaswonCanada’sGovernorGeneral’sLiteratureAwardsthreetimesandGillerPrizetwice.ThesecondGillerPrizewasforRunawaywithgloriouscommentsthattheimposingstory,preciseandordinarysentencesmadereadersimpressed.JournalslikeWorldLiteratureinourcountryevertranslatedandreviewedherwritingsmanytimes.Inotherwords,Munro’sstatusinEnglishnovelcirclehasalreadyestablished;inthecreationofEnglishshortstorysheisconvincinglythebestone.

1.2IntroductionoftheplotofRunaway

Carla,livinginafamilyincludinghermother,apathybrotherandmale-dominatedstepfather,wasanordinarygirl.Beingintheadolescence,shebegantofeelthelove.Duringthetimewaitingtogotocollege,shefellinlovewithClarkwhowasahorsemanshipcoachintheHorsemanshipSchool.ButCarla’sstepfathercalledhim“blackguardandloafer”.ThesweetfirstloveandstrongdesiretogetridofboundsfromherparentsinherdeepheartmadeCarladeterminetochooserunningawaywithClarkfromtheindifferentfamilywhereshecouldn’tfeeltheloveandunderstanding.Althoughshedidn’tknowwhatwouldbethefuture,hercleardesiretopursuedreamandfreedomwashidenininnerheart.Shejustbelievedthattheirlovewasrealandthattheywouldliveinafree,happyandperfectlifebytheirskillsofhorsemanshipaslongastheyworkedhard.

Whenstartinghermarriagelife,sheenjoyedromanceandgratificationClarkbroughttoher.HavingatasteofspecialfoodsanddrivingacartogohomebothmadeCarlahappy.However,morehelplessfeelingscameafterthetemporaryperiodofhappiness.Thebusyandpoorlifeandmoreintensivemale-dominatedconsciousnessofClarkmadeCarlasufferalotphysicallyandmentally.Carlaenduredallaloneinsilence.OnlyFlora,alittlesheeptheyraised,couldreadhermind.Later,Florawaslost,whichmadeCarlaverysad.InCarla’sheart,Florawasnotonlytheaccompanytoherbutalsoanotherherself.Flora’sdisappearancetrappedCarlaintolonelinessanddreariness.Shestartedtorethinkofthemarriage.OnedayCarlahelpedSylvia,whowasMr.Jamieson’swife,cleanthehouse,herthoughtsandangersburstoutsuddenlyandtotally.AfterunderstandingwhatconditionCarlawasin,SylviaconnectedherfriendlivinginToronto,gaveCarlasomemoneyandhercoat.ThereforeCarlasetofftoToronto,astrangecityforher,andranawayfromherhusband,leavingasimplemessage--Ihavegoneaway.Iwillbeallwrite.The“write”shouldbe“right”.Carlamightnotrecognizethemistake.Thesupport,understandingandsympathyfromSylviatriggeredCarla’sthesecondescapeandignitedherfemaleconsciousness.Buttheimpetuousleavejustkeptherfemaleconsciousnessawakeforashorttime.Inthebus,shewasworriedaboutthefuturewithoutClark,abouthowtoliveandadaptnewenvironment.Obviously,Clarkstilltookmainpartinherheart.Therefore,whenthebusarrivedatthethirdstation,shebrokedown.ShecalledClarkandsaidpiteously,“Comeandgetme.Please.Comeandgetme.”Thestartforescapingbecametheendofescaping,andthemanwhocouldsaveherwasexactlyClarkwhomCarlawantedtorunawayfrom.Finally,CarlabrokeupwithSylviaandreturnedtoherordinarymarriagelife.

AfterreadingAliceMunro’sRunaway,IfoundthattwoescapesofCarlaindicatedthatshetriedtopursuementalfreedomandstriveforself-independence.Insomeway,CarlaranawayfromfamiliesandClarkinordertogetridoftheboundoffamily,marriageandinsideworld.Shedesirestochangeherpresentsituationandgetcompleteself-independencetobeafreefemaleinvolvedintheworld.Herfirstescapewasdonesuccessfullybutthesecondonewasafailure.Shecouldhaverunaway