从存在主义女性主义分析《逃离》中卡拉的第二性.docx

1、从存在主义女性主义分析逃离中卡拉的第二性AcknowledgementsThanks for giving a chance to express my gratitude. This well-done thesis is guided by my attentive and patient supervisor Wang Fan who has helped me work out an outline of the paper, gave me valuable suggestions on how to collect materials and organize my paper,

2、and inspired me to think my paper deeply. As for that, Im very grateful. Secondly, I want to thank Alice Munros distinguished short story Runaway. Thanks are also extended to CNKI providing many helpful masters theses and academic journals. In addition, I wish to thank the library that supplied me w

3、ith reference materials of great value. Without the support and assistance above, this thesis would not have been possible. Thanks again.AbstractAlice Munro, one of the most famous Canadian writers today, is well-known for short stories. Alice Munro won the Nobel Literature Prize by Runaway in 2013.

4、 In recent years, studying Runaway has been becoming a vogue in scholars at home and abroad, mostly from the perspectives of literature criticism, imagism and free-feminism.This paper will analyze the second sex of Carla in Runaway from the perspective of existentialist feminism. Through explaining

5、reasons behind Carlas runaways-a failure and a success, this paper will explore “the Other” and “internality” in Carlas female consciousness.It is divided into five parts. The first part will give briefly introductions about Alice Munro and Runaway. The second part will state existentialism, existen

6、tialist feminism and the second sex. The third part will analyze relationships between Carla and other roles in this short story from the perspective of the development of Carlas female consciousness. The fourth part will analyze the second sex of Carla from the perspective of existentialist feminis

7、m. The fifth part will give a conclusion that immature development of Carlas female consciousness caused the two different results of runaways, that is to say, “the Other” and “Internality” made it difficult to be independent completely for Carla.Key Words: Alice Munro; Runaway; existentialist femin

8、ism; the second sex摘 要艾丽丝门罗是当代最著名的加拿大作家之一，以短篇小说闻名于世，2013年因逃离一书获诺贝尔文学奖。近年来，国内外学者对此小说的研究逐渐火热， 主要是从文学批评、意象主义及自由女性主义角度进行分析解读。本文将从存在主义女性主义角度分析逃离一书中卡拉的第二性。通过解读卡拉两次逃离的成功与失败背后的原因，探究卡拉女性意识发展中的“他者”及“内在性”。本文分五部分：第一部分：介绍艾丽丝门罗与逃离；第二部分：阐述存在主义、存在主义女性主义及第二性；第三部分：从卡拉的女性意识发展的角度来分析小说中其他角色与卡拉的关系；第四部分：从存在主义女性主义的角度来分析卡拉的

9、第二性意识；第五部分：通过本文的分析，得出结论：卡拉两次逃离的结果是由于她女性意识发展的不成熟，即“他者”和“内在性”使卡拉在精神上难以完全独立。关键词：艾丽丝门罗；逃离；存在主义女性主义；第二性ContentsTOC o 1-2 h u 1. Introduction 11.1 Introduction of Alice Munro 11.2 Introduction of the plot of Runaway 22. Literature Review 32.1 Accounts on Existentialism 42.2 Existentialist Feminism 72.3 Th

10、e Second Sex 73. Relationships Between Carla and Others 83.1 Carla and Her Family 93.2 Carla and Clark 93.3 Carla and Flora 103.4 Carla and Sylvia 104. Analysis of the Second Sex of Carla 114.1 The First Runaway of Carla and the Second Sex 114.2 The Second Runaway of Carla and the Second Sex 124.3 T

11、he Two Runaways of Carla and the Male-dominated Internality 135. Conclusion 13Bibliography 15The Analysis of the Second Sex of Carla in Runaway from the Perspective of Existentialist Feminism1. IntroductionFirstly, this part will introduce Alice Munro about her life, short stories and writing style.

12、 Then it will briefly tell the spot of Runaway.1.1 Introduction of Alice MunroAlice Munro, Canadian writer, was born in Wingham, Ontario in 1931. In her early age, Alice Munro started to write novels, among which included Runaway, Dance of the Happy Shades, The Process of Love and Lives of Girls and

13、 Women. Munros fiction is most often set in her native Huron County in southwestern Ontario. What she mainly writes are the normal daily lives of normal citizens in common towns, but involved themes are usually related to illness and death. Cynthia Ozick, American Jewish writer, said that Alice Munr

14、o is todays Chekhov. In most comments of occidental media a very generous name, the greatest novelist, is given to Alice Munro. She won the Nobel Prize in Literature in October 10, 2013.The first short story of Munro is Dance of the Happy Shades (1968) which gets Canadas Governor Generals Literary A

15、ward. Alice Munros collections of stories include Friends of My Youth (1973), Open Secrets (1994), The Love of a Good Woman (1996),Hateship, Friendship, Courtship, Loveship, Marriage (2001), Runaway (2004), etc. The View from Castle Rock published in 2006 is her latest work. She ever published a lon

16、g story named Lives of Girls and Women (1973) which got little peoples attention. What this story reflects is that common people, especially women, live a common and ordinary life which always reveals their tragical fates. Munro said herself, “where I want to make readers astonished is not what happ

17、ened but the way of happening”.Munros writing styles talk about birth, senility, illness and death from the view of women. Most of Munros writings are womens stories. In her early writing, she almost wrote some young married girls who were tormented by love, sex, betrayal and children, etc. Later, s

18、he focused on middle-aged women struggling in the mid-life crisis and chores, who all had desire and pity, strength and weakness. Munros novels pay less attention to plots and more attention to the change of time and space that break up and reset memories and real lives. What she wants to express is

19、 that maybe there is a new point of view to see the world; that is to say, literature can help people to know the world in a new way. She ever introduced the way of reading novels in an essay: unlike a road, a novel is like a house much more. You go into the house, stay for a while, walk around and

20、observe the relevance between rooms and corridors; then you look out of the window to see what happened outside world.In recent years, Alice Munros works are always read on American significant journals, such as New Yorker, The Atlantic Monthly and Paris Review. She nearly published a new short stor

21、y each two or three years. She has won Canadas Governor Generals Literature Awards three times and Giller Prize twice. The second Giller Prize was for Runaway with glorious comments that the imposing story, precise and ordinary sentences made readers impressed. Journals like World Literature in our

22、country ever translated and reviewed her writings many times. In other words, Munros status in English novel circle has already established; in the creation of English short story she is convincingly the best one.1.2 Introduction of the plot of RunawayCarla, living in a family including her mother,

23、apathy brother and male-dominated stepfather, was an ordinary girl. Being in the adolescence, she began to feel the love. During the time waiting to go to college, she fell in love with Clark who was a horsemanship coach in the Horsemanship School. But Carlas stepfather called him “blackguard and lo

24、afer”. The sweet first love and strong desire to get rid of bounds from her parents in her deep heart made Carla determine to choose running away with Clark from the indifferent family where she couldnt feel the love and understanding . Although she didnt know what would be the future, her clear des

25、ire to pursue dream and freedom was hiden in inner heart. She just believed that their love was real and that they would live in a free, happy and perfect life by their skills of horsemanship as long as they worked hard.When starting her marriage life, she enjoyed romance and gratification Clark bro

26、ught to her. Having a taste of special foods and driving a car to go home both made Carla happy. However, more helpless feelings came after the temporary period of happiness. The busy and poor life and more intensive male-dominated consciousness of Clark made Carla suffer a lot physically and mental

27、ly. Carla endured all alone in silence. Only Flora, a little sheep they raised, could read her mind. Later, Flora was lost, which made Carla very sad. In Carlas heart, Flora was not only the accompany to her but also another herself. Floras disappearance trapped Carla into loneliness and dreariness.

28、 She started to rethink of the marriage. One day Carla helped Sylvia, who was Mr. Jamiesons wife, clean the house, her thoughts and angers burst out suddenly and totally. After understanding what condition Carla was in, Sylvia connected her friend living in Toronto, gave Carla some money and her coa

29、t. Therefore Carla set off to Toronto, a strange city for her, and ran away from her husband, leaving a simple message - I have gone away. I will be all write. The “write” should be “right”. Carla might not recognize the mistake. The support, understanding and sympathy from Sylvia triggered Carlas t

30、he second escape and ignited her female consciousness. But the impetuous leave just kept her female consciousness awake for a short time. In the bus, she was worried about the future without Clark, about how to live and adapt new environment. Obviously, Clark still took main part in her heart. There

31、fore, when the bus arrived at the third station, she broke down. She called Clark and said piteously, “Come and get me. Please. Come and get me.” The start for escaping became the end of escaping, and the man who could save her was exactly Clark whom Carla wanted to run away from. Finally, Carla bro

32、ke up with Sylvia and returned to her ordinary marriage life.After reading Alice Munros Runaway, I found that two escapes of Carla indicated that she tried to pursue mental freedom and strive for self-independence. In some way, Carla ran away from families and Clark in order to get rid of the bound of family, marriage and inside world. She desires to change her present situation and get complete self-independence to be a free female involved in the world. Her first escape was done successfully but the second one was a failure. She could have run away