届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit3Inventorsandinventions单元学案30页word版.docx
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届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit3Inventorsandinventions单元学案30页word版
2019届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit3Inventorsandinventions单元学案
一单元基础词汇语法回顾
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Hesawthegreysummitofthemountainagainstab________backgroundofthebluesky.
答案:
brilliant
2.Laterhewasforashorttimea________toFrance.
答案:
ambassador
3.Thepartofthearmbetweentheelbowandtheshoulderiscalledtheu________arm.
答案:
upper
4.Ifshemarriesaforeigner,willhers________asaBritishcitizenbeaffected?
答案:
status
5.Ireallylikethea________muchbetterthanmodernart.
答案:
antique
6.The________(改编本)oftheplayforradiowaseasilydone.
答案:
adaptation
7.Twomenformeda________(阴谋)torobthebank.
答案:
plot
8.Hedidnot________(犹豫)toaskhertositbesidehim.
答案:
hesitate
9.____________(使人心烦的)financialproblemsdepressedhim.
答案:
Troublesome
10.Thisbookwasthe________(结局)ofatremendousamountofscientificwork.
答案:
outcome
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.Hisillness____________________(注定他躺在床上)allthetime.
答案:
condemmedhimtolieinbed
2.She____________________(发大财)andworediamondsanddesignerclothes.
答案:
madeafortune
3.Ifyoushouldeverneedsomething,____________________(别犹豫,联系我).I'lldomybesttohelpyou.
答案:
don'thesitatetocontactme
4.____________________(就质量和数量而言),theclothesfactoryinourtownisdoingmuchbetterthanlastyear.
答案:
Intermsofqualityandquantity
5.Astheprogramended,themusicslowly____________________(渐弱)andsomeonebegantospeak.
答案:
fadedout
6.____________________(一般而言),pricesfollowdemand;ifthereisnodemand,pricesarelow.
答案:
Generallyspeaking
7.Whenhedidn'tknowhowtogetoutofthebuilding,aboy_____________(把他送出去).
答案:
showedhimout
8.-Howaretheygettingonwiththeirwork?
-All____________________(像计划的那样进展顺利).
答案:
goeswellasplanned
9.________(必要的时候),wewilltakeonmoreworkers.
答案:
Whennecessary
10.AsfarasIcanremember,________________________(每次我打电话),mysonwouldanswer.
答案:
everytimeIcalled
单项填空
1.—Haveyou______?
—No.Ihadthewrongnumber.
A.gotin B.gotaway
C.gotoffD.gotthrough
解析考查动词短语的区别。
getin“插话,收割”;getaway“离开;走开”;getoff“下车”;getthrough“接通电话,完成,到达,通过”,由此可知该题的答案为D项,意思是“你打通电话了吗?
”
答案D
2.Sofarnobodyhasclaimedthemoney______inthelibrary.
A.discoveredB.tobediscovered
C.discoveringD.havingdiscovered
解析考查非谓语动词作定语。
句意:
迄今为止,没有人认领在图书馆里发现的钱。
因discover与money之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词作定语。
答案A
3.Thereweremanytalentedactorsouttherejustwaiting______.
A.todiscoverB.tobediscovered
C.discoveredD.beingdiscovered
解析考查不定式的被动式作目的状语。
解答这类题时,一定要弄清非谓语动词和主语之间的逻辑关系。
句意:
在外面有许多有才华的演员等着被发现。
tobediscovered为不定式短语作目的状语。
discover与其逻辑主语actors之间为动宾关系,且discover动作是将要发生,故用动词不定式的被动式。
答案B
4.Afterthat,heknewhecould______anyemergencybydoingwhathecouldtothebestofhisability.
A.getawaywithB.getonwith
C.getthroughD.getacross
解析考查get动词短语。
句意:
(经历过)那件事以后,他知道只要他尽自己所能就能处理任何紧急情况。
tothebestof尽……所能;就……的限度。
getawaywith携……潜逃;(做了坏事)逍遥法外;getonwith进展;相处;getthrough通过;完成;getacross过(马路、桥等);使(人)了解自己的意思。
由句意可知,C项为最佳选项。
答案C
5.It’sthesortofworkthat______ahighlevelofconcentration.
A.callsforB.makesup
C.liesonD.standsfor
解析考查短语动词辨析。
callfor需要,需求;makeup编(故事、借口等);liein位于,在于;standfor代表。
根据句意,A项符合。
答案A
6.Itriedphoningheroffice,butIcouldn’t______.
A.getalongB.geton
C.gettoD.getthrough
解析考查动词词组辨析。
getalong“相处融洽,进展”;geton“继续,进行,上车”;getto“到达,开始”;getthrough“穿过,通过,读完,打通(电话)”。
根据句意:
我试着给她办公室打电话,但是没有打通。
因此只有getthrough符合句意。
答案D
7.Itisdifficultto______onetwinfromtheother.Theyalmostdon’t______fromeachother.
A.differ;distinguishB.distinguish;different
C.distinguish;differD.tell;different
解析distinguish表示“区分,辨别”,常构成distinguishAfromB,而differfromeachother意为“有区别,不同于”,相当于bedifferentfromeachother。
答案C
8.—Mum,itisniceweather.Iwanttoskatethisafternoon.
—Don’tyouthinktheiceonthelakeistoothinto______yourweight?
A.carryB.bear
C.catchD.take
解析这里的bear不表示“忍受”,而是“承受”的意思。
答案B
9.Hardlycouldhe______thisamountofworkinsuchashorttime.
A.getthroughB.getoff
C.getintoD.getdown
解析考查动词短语辨析。
句意:
在这么短的时间内他几乎完不成这么多工作。
getthrough有完成之意,符合句意。
getoff下车;getinto进入,陷入;getdown“下车,吞下,写下”;都与句意不搭配。
答案A
10.Itishardforyoungchildrentodistinguishright______wrong.
A.with B.to
C.from D.between
解析distinguishrightfromwrong“辨别是与非”。
答案C
11.Whenweplanourvacation,motheroftenoffers______suggestions.
A.carefulB.practical
C.effectiveD.acceptable
解析母亲是长辈,她所拥有的是实用的信息。
建议要经过检验之后才知道是否有效,排除C项,可接受的建议不一定实用,排除D项。
答案B
12.—Mum,we’vegottobe______andbuyonlywhatweneed.
—Oh,I’mgladtohearthat.
A.practicalB.content
C.familiarD.actual
解析前句句意:
我们一定要实际些,只要我们需要的东西。
practica
l实际的,符合情况的;content满意的;familiar熟悉的;actual实际的。
答案A
13.Letterboxesaremuchmore______intheUKthanintheUS,wheremostpeoplehaveamailboxinstead.
A.commonB.normal
C.ordinaryD.usual
解析考查同义词辨析。
句意:
信箱在英国比在美国更常用,在美国大多数人都有一个邮箱。
common指“为许多人或事物所共同具有的,因而常见”;ordinary指“由于与一般事物的性质或标准相同,因而显得平常,无奇特之处,反义词为special”;usual指“在某一地方或某一时间内所常见的,往往指常用的东西,或常发生的事情,反义词为unusual”;normal同regular一样,意为“正常的,正规的,标准的”。
答案A
14.Startoutrightaway,______you’llmissthefirsttrain.
A.and B.but
C.or D.which
解析句意:
立刻出发,否则你会错过第一班火车的。
or否则,符合句意。
答案C
15.ChristmasDayisusuallycelebratedonDecember25th______thebirthofJesusChrist.
A.inpraiseofB.inhonorof
C.intermsofD.inassociationwith
解析考查介词短语辨析。
inpraiseof称赞;inhonorof纪念;intermsof在……方面;inassociationwith与……在一起,与……联合。
由题意知选B项。
答案B
单元知识综合测试
阅读理解
A
(2017·福州市八县高三上学期期末)
AnewUSgovernmentreportsaysmorethantwomillionAmericansfallilleachyearwithdrugresistantbacterialinfections(感染),and23,000ofthemaredyingasaresult.TheheadoftheUnitedStatesCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC)saidthatthenumberprobablywillgrow.Officialswarnthatstepsmustbetakennowtopreservetheeffectivenessofantibiotic(抗生素)drugs.
Withouturgentactiontostopthattrend,warnedTomFriedenwhoseagencywrotethereport,themiracledrugstofightthemwon'tbeavailableinthefuture.
“Ifwearenotcareful,themedicinechestwillbeemptywhenwegotheretolookforalifesavingantibioticforsomeonewithadeadlyinfection.Butifweactnow,wecanpreservethesemedicationswhilewecontinuetoworkondevelopmentofnewmedicines.”
Thereportnamesadrugresistantabuseofgonorrhea(淋病),whichcausesaboutonequarterofamillionhospitalizationsintheUnitedStatesannually.Ofthenumberatleast14,000resultindeath.
Drugresistancedevelopsthroughtheoveruseandinappropriateuseofantibacterialagents.Thesecanbe:
doctorsprescribing(开药)themtopatientswhohaveviralinfectionsthatarenotaffectedbymedicinemeanttofightbacteria;patientsnottakingalloftheirmedicineasprescribed,sothebacteriamakingthemsickareonlyweakened,notkilled;antibioticuseinheahhyfarmanimalstopreventillnessandpromotegrowth.Antibioticremaindersleftinmeatandanimalproductscanthenleadtodrugresistanceinhumans.
Tolimitthespreadofresistantinfections,expertsrecommendwideruseofroutineimmunizations(预防),aswellashandwashinginhospitalsandotherhealthcarefacilities.Also,thereporturgeshandwashingbyfoodhandlers.
MichaelBell,deputydirectoroftheDivisionofHeahhcareQualityPromotionatCDC,saidpatientsalsocanplayaroleinpreservingtheeffectivenessofantibioticsbyaskinghealthcareprovidersafewsimplequestions.
【文章大意】 本文为记叙文,主要讲述了美国保护抗菌药物的行动。
1.What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?
A.DrugResistanceDeveiopingQuicklyintheUS
B.Drug-resistantBacterialInfectionsGrowingintheUS
C.ActionsforPreservingAntibacterialMedicationsintheUS
D.PreventionsofDrugresistantBacterialInfectionsintheUS
解析:
主旨大意题。
本文主要介绍了美国保护抗菌药物的行动。
答案:
C
2.AccordingtoFrieden,wemusttakemeasureswithoutdelaytopreserveeffectivenessofantibiotics,or________.
A.wewillhavetodevelopbettermedicinesinplaceofantibiotics
B.theremaybenoeffectiveantibacterialdrugsforuseinthefuture
C.wecan'tfindothermedicinestocureseriousillnessesinthefuture
D.moreandmoreAmericanswillsufferfrombacterialinfectionseachyear
解析:
细节理解题。
根据第二段“Withouturgentactiontostopthattrend...themiracledrugstofightthemwon'tbeavailableinthefuture.”可判断,Frieden认为我们不立即采取行动的话,将来这种药物就会绝迹。
答案:
B
3.Ofthosepatientsadmittedtothehospitalbecauseofadrugresistantabuseofgonorrheaannually,deathsaddupto________.
A.atleast5.6% B.about25%
C.about1.4%D.atleast2.5%
解析:
数字计算题。
根据第四段内容计算可得知,每25万(onequarterofamillion)滥用抗生素的淋病患者中至少有14000人死亡,死亡率是5.6%。
答案:
A
4.Oneoftheapproachesthroughwhichdrugresistancedevelopsisthat________.
A.peopleeatthemeatwithantibioticremainderinanimals
B.doctorsprescribelessantibioticsthanneededforpatients
C.doctorsprescribemuchmoreantibioticthanneededforpatients
D.patientsdon'ttaketheirantibacterialagentsthatdoctorsprescribe
解析:
细节理解题。
根据倒数第三段中的“...antibioticuseinhealthyfarmanimalstopreventillnessandpromotegrowth.Antibioticremaindersleftinmeatandanimalproductscanthenleadtodrugresistanceinhumans.”可知,人食用了含有抗生素的肉和动物产品,从而有了抗药性。
答案:
A
B
(2018·贵州省六校联盟高三第一次联考)
ItwasfifteenpastnineasMariehurriedintotheofficebuildingwhereshewasgoingtowork.Herbushadinchedalongthroughheavymorningtraffic,makingherafewminuteslateforherveryfirstjob.Shedecidedtostartouthalfanhourearlierthenextday.
Onceinsidethebuilding,shehadtostandattheelevatorsandwaitseveralminutesbeforeshecouldgetononegoingtothesixthfloor.Whenshefinallyreachedtheofficemarked“SmithEnterprises”,sheknockedatthedoornervouslyandwaited.Therewasnoreply.Shetappedonthedooragain,butst