论哈代《爱玛组诗191213》中的悖论周福霞盲审论文非定稿.docx
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论哈代《爱玛组诗191213》中的悖论周福霞盲审论文非定稿
分类号:
硕士学位论文
Title:
OnParadoxesinThomasHardy’s
Poemsof1912-1913
题目:
论哈代《爱玛组诗1912-13》中的悖论
学科、专业:
英语语言文学
研究方向:
英美文学
作者姓名:
周福霞
导师及职称:
论文提交日期:
2012年5月
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OnParadoxesinThomasHardy’s
Poemsof1912-1913
安徽师范大学硕士学位论文
二○一二年五月
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OnParadoxesinThomasHardy’s
Poemsof1912-1913
By
UndertheSupervisionof
Professor
AThesisSubmittedto
TheSchoolofForeignLanguages
AnhuiNormalUniversity
InPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirementfor
TheDegreeofMasterofArts
May,2012
Acknowledgements
Firstofall,IwouldliketoexpressmysinceregratitudetomysupervisorProfessorXieJinqiu,whohasgivenmeilluminativeinstruction,warmencouragementaswellasappropriateguidance.Withoutherhelp,Iwouldnothavecompletedthisthesis.
Iamgratefultomyfamilymemberswhohavegivenmesupport,bothmaterialandmental,duringthelongprocessofmystudyandwritingthethesis.
Finally,Iamindebtedtomyfriends,classmatesandrelatives.Receivingthehelpfromvariouspeople,Iamabletofinishthethesis.
Abstract
ThomasHardyactsasabridgewhichconnectsBritishliteratureofthenineteenthandthetwentiethcenturies.Hestartsandendsuphisliterarycareerwithpoeticalcreation.He,consideredasaveryfamouspoetintheBritishpoetry,writesalmostonethousandpoems.Untilthelateperiodofthetwentiethcentury,BritishandAmericanscholarshavebeguntointerprethisclassicsequenceofpoems--Poemsof1912-13.Throughreadingsomeworks,theauthorfindsoutthatfewscholarsinterpretPoemsof1912-13fromanglesoftheparadox,althoughtheyhavehadcommentsonthesequencefrommanyperspectives.SothethesisinterpretsHardy'sparadoxicalbutreasonableinnerjourneyfromperspectivesoftheparadox.
Thethesisconsistsofsixchapters.ChapterOneistheIntroduction,includingHardy’spoetryachievements,literaturereview,theoriginalityandtheorganizationofthethesis.ChapterTwoistheBackground,includingHardy’sattitudetomarriageandpersonalemotionalexperiences,whichpavesthewayforinterpretingPoemsof1912-13inthenextchapters.ChapterThreeisTimeandMemory.Timedoesnotdestroyhismemorybutactivateshisreminiscencetohisdeadwife.Inthesequence,HardyclearlyrecallsEmma’sbeautifulhair,skillfuldriving,dressesinthedifferentperiodsandsomeotherfeatures,lamentingthathedoesnotrealizethetruevalueofloveuntilhelosesit.ChapterFourisPessimismandOptimism.Inthereminiscence,thesequenceofpoemsuncoversHardy’sdeformedmissingtohisfirstdeadwife.Themissingconflictswiththecruelfactandthehappypast,thusforginghispessimism.SohehopestobringEmmaintotherealworld.Thishopecannotbefulfilled.Hardyisdoomedtotheunlimitedpessimism.ChapterFiveisPassionandReason.Inthereminiscencefullofpessimismandoptimism,HardyisalwayscriticizinghimselfforhiswrongdoingstoEmma.Itisthetruelovethatcausesthemtobeacouple.Afterthemarriage,theirdivergenceofbeliefsandinterestsgrowsmoreandmoreobvious,andtheircommunicationbecomesfewerandfewer,whichcausetheirmarriagetobeincrisis.Hardythinksloveisbeautifulandpriceless.Loveshouldbesublimedinmarriagewhilemarriagesnuffsoutlove.ChapterSixistheConclusion.
Thus,theuseofparadoxesinPoemsof1912-13succeedsinpresentinganddeepeningthetheme.Inthesequence,Hardywarnstheworldthatsincerecommunicationislubricantwhichharmonizesacouple’srelationship.
Keywords:
ThomasHardy;Poemsof1912—13;paradox
摘要
“托马斯·哈代(ThomasHardy,1840-1928)是连接十九世纪和二十世纪的英国文学桥梁”。
其文学生涯,始于诗歌,终于诗歌,一生写了近千首诗,被认为是“英国诗歌主流的一位杰出诗人”。
直到二十世纪后三十年,英美学者才开始哈代《爱玛组诗1912-13》的研究。
笔者研读了大量的文献发现,尽管学者们已从多种角度评论这一组诗,至今还鲜有人从悖论出发阐释《爱玛组诗1912-13》,本论文从悖论的角度,剖析哈代在《爱玛组诗1912-13》中充满矛盾而又合乎情理的心路历程。
本文分六章。
第一章简介,包括哈代在诗歌创作上取得成就,《爱玛组诗1912-13》的综述,论文的创新点及其结构。
第二章背景介绍,主要介绍哈代的爱情观及其个人的情感经历,为下面章节探讨《爱玛组诗1912-13》做铺垫。
第三章探讨时间与记忆冲突产生的悖论,时间没有风化记忆,而是激活了记忆。
在组诗中,哈代清晰地回忆亡妻美丽的秀发、高超的骑马技术、不同时期的穿着和她的一些品质特点,感叹只有失去爱情时,才体会它的价值。
第四章研讨悲观与乐观冲突产生的悖论,在对亡妻的回忆中,哈代产生一种近乎病态的思念。
而这种思念与残酷的现实、美好的过去碰撞,形成了哈代的悲观主义情绪。
于是他希望利用想象将爱玛重现在现实中,这种希望像美丽的肥皂泡,注定要破灭。
第五章讨论理智与情感冲突产生的悖论,在悲喜交织的回忆中,哈代不断地谴责自己,因为真爱他们走到一起,哈代原以为爱情是美好的、无价的,爱情本应该在婚姻中升华,然而婚姻却扼杀了爱情。
婚后,他们的信仰、兴趣爱好的分歧日渐凸显、交流的缺乏,这直接导致他们婚姻的出现了危机。
第六章总结全文。
本论文通过对《爱玛组诗1912-13》中悖论进行系统分析,得出结论认为悖论在《爱玛组诗1912-13》中揭示并深化了主题.警醒世人真诚沟通是调和夫妻关系的润滑剂。
关键词:
托马斯·哈代;《爱玛组诗1912-13》;悖论
Contents
AcknowledgementsI
AbstractII
摘要IV
ChapterOneIntroduction1
1.1Hardy’sAchievementsinPoetry1
1.2LiteratureReview2
1.3TheOriginalityoftheStudy5
1.4TheOrganizationoftheThesis5
ChapterTwoBackground7
2.1Hardy’sAttitudetowardsMarriage7
2.2PersonalEmotionalExperiences8
ChapterThreeTimeandMemory10
ChapterFourPessimismandOptimism18
ChapterFivePassionandReason28
ChapterSixConclusion36
Bibliography38
ChapterOneIntroduction
1.1Hardy’sAchievementsinPoetry
Knowninhisowndaymoreasasuccessfulnovelistthanasagreatpoet,ThomasHardy’spoeticreputationgrowssoonafterhepublishestheeightpoetryanthologies.“Hiscelebrationoftheruralscene,hismelancholylovepoems,hisreinvocationofthelostpast,hiswittyobsessionwithtime,aging,death,andthedead,hisdownbeatpoeticlanguage,andhiscontrolled,rhythmicallyever-inventiveprosody—allbecameconventionallyassociatedwith‘true’HardyasPoet”(DaleKramer77).Hispresentationofauthenticfeelings,hisuseofmelancholiclanguageandhissenseofalienationinfluencehissuccessors,manyofwhom,suchasSiegfiedSassoon,W.H.Auden,DylanThomasandPhilipLarkin,haveacknowledgedtheirgreatdebttohim.AsDonalDaveinThomasHardyandBritishPoetrywrites“InBritishpoetryofthelastfiftyyears,themostfarreachinginfluence,forgoodandill,hadbeennotYeats,stilllessEliotorPound,notLaurence,butHardy”(MerryWilliams134).WalfordDaviesassertsHardyas“thepoetwhomostsuccessfullyrelayedthenativeEnglishtraditionofthenineteenthcenturyintothetwentieth”(MerryWilliams134).InTheColumbiaHistoryofBritishPoetry,Woodring,CandShapiro,Jpointoutthat“Hardy’s1898volume,WessexPoems,couldbesaidtomarkthebeginningofthemodernperiodinpoetry”(544).
OfallHardy’spoems,Poemsof1912-13,asequenceoftwenty-onepoems,areundoubtedlyadmiredandpopularlyappreciated.Thesepoems,writtenabouthisfirstwifeEmmaLaviniaGiffordafterhersuddendeath,havealreadybeenconsideredtobe“Hardy’sgreatestachievement”,“unquestionablyamongthefinestinthelanguage”(Blackburn12)and“thepleasantest,themostmusicallyandsuggestivelybeautifulpoemsthatHardyeverwrote”(Child88)and“ofallpre-leadinglove-poetryinEnglish,nonehasthepeculiarintimacythatcharacterizesthesepoems”(Duffin291).Inthesepoems,HardyrecallstheirhappytimeinCornwall,andtheaspectsoftheirsubsequent,farfromidyllicmarriage,reproachinghiswrongdoingstowardsEmma.
1.2LiteratureReview
AfterhiswifeEmmadies,Hardywritesaseriesofpoemstomournher,whicharethesymbolofhismaturepoetry.CriticsthinkthePoemsof1912-13arehisgreatestpoemsandmakecommentsonthem.Byconsultingsomeimportantcriticalmaterialsofhispoems,aclearlineofinterpretationandcriticismaboutthePoemsof1912-13canbetraced,whichofferstherudimentsofthethesisandsignificanceofthestudy.
EarlycriticsjudgeHardy’spoemsasabyproductofhisnovelsandpaylessattentiontothem.Untilthelastthreedecadesofthetwentiethcentury,BritishandAmericanscholarshavebeenengagedtoflourishingcriticismonHardy’sEmmapoemsfrommanydifferentperspectives,suchasbiographicalinterpretation,genericinterpretation,textualinterpretation,andarchetypalanalysis,analysisofthelanguageandpoeticform,andthematicapproach.
Thefirstmethodisthebiographicalinterpretation.Thiskindofinterpretationliesinsomebiographicalinterpretationworks.CarlJ.Weber,inhis“Hardy’sLovePoems”,usesEmmapoemsassupportingdetailstodescribeHardy’slifewithEmmaintenperiods.EvelynHardy,inherThomasHardy:
ACriticalBiography,regardsEmmapoemsassomeevidencetoexplaintherelationshipbetweenHardyandEmma,exposingthedistressingyearsofdivision.J.O.BaileyandF.B.Pinion,intheir“IllustrationoftheEmmaPoems”,discusssomeofEmmapoemsaccordingtoHardy’sloveaffairandmaritallife.
Thesecondisgenericinterpretation.SomecriticsconsiderthesequenceofthepoemsasanecessarycomponentinthedevelopmentalhistoryofEnglishelegy.PeterM.Sacks,inhis“TheEnglishElegy”,studiesthedevelopmentofEnglishelegyfromSpensortoYeats,consideringHardyasoneoftheimportantfiguresandpointingoutthetraditionaltraitsandunconventionalelementsofHardy’selegies.Ramazai,inhis“PoetryofMourning”,exploresmodernelegyfromHardytoHeaney,focusingonthemoderntraitsofHardy’selegies
Thethirdisthetextualinterpretation.Inher“TheElegies:
Poemsof1912-13”,JeanBrooksthinksthat“TheSpelloftheRose”,tellsther