Edgar Allan Poe.docx

Edgar Allan Poe.docx

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EdgarAllanPoe

EdgarAllanPoe

（1809-1849）

1.Poe'sparentsweretouringactors;bothdiedbeforehewas3yearsold,andhewastakenintothehomeofJohnAllan,hisfosterfatheraprosperousmerchantinRichmond,Va.,andbaptizedEdgarAllanPoe.

2.In1826heenteredtheUniversityofVirginiabutstayedforonlyayear.Althoughagoodstudent,heranuplargegamblingdebtsthatAllanrefusedtopay.AllanpreventedhisreturntotheuniversityandbrokeoffPoe'sengagementtoSarahElmiraRoyster,hisRichmondsweetheart.

3Temporarilyreconciled,AllansecuredPoe'sreleasefromthearmyandhisappointmenttoWestPointbutrefusedtoprovidefinancialsupport.After6monthsPoeapparentlycontrivedtobedismissedfromWestPointfordisobedienceoforders.

4.PoenexttookupresidenceinBaltimorewithhiswidowedaunt,MariaClemm,andherdaughter,Virginia,andturnedtofictionasawaytosupporthimself,andmarriedVirginia,whowasnotyet14yearsold

5.Poepublishedfiction,notablyhismosthorrifyingtale,Berenice,intheMessenger,butmostofhiscontributionswereserious,analytical,andcriticalreviewsthatearnedhimrespectasacritic.HepraisedtheyoungDickensandafewothercontemporariesbutdevotedmostofhisattentiontodevastatingreviewsofpopularcontemporaryauthors.

6.HistheoryofshortfictionisbestexemplifiedinLigeia莱琪儿（1838）,thetalePoeconsideredhisfinest,andTheFalloftheHouseofUsher（1839）,whichwastobecomeoneofhismostfamousstories.WhetherornotPoeinventedtheshortstory,itiscertainthatheoriginatedthenovelofdetection.

7.Virginia'sdeathinJanuary1847wasaheavyblow,butPoecontinuedtowriteandlecture.Inthesummerof1849herevisitedRichmond,lectured,andwasacceptedanewbythefianceehehadlostin1826.AfterhisreturnnorthhewasfoundunconsciousonaBaltimorestreet.InabriefobituarytheBaltimoreClipperreportedthatPoehaddiedof"congestionofthebrain."

Threefathers

1.Fatherofmodernshortstory:

EdgarAllanPoedeservesmorecreditthananyotherwriterforthetransformationoftheshortstoryfromanecdotetoart.

2.Fatherofdetectivestory（gothicstory）Hevirtuallycreatedthedetectivestoryandperfectedthepsychologicalthriller.

3.FatherofpsychoanalyticcriticismHealsoproducedsomeofthemostinfluentialliterarycriticismofhistime--importanttheoreticalstatementsonpoetryandtheshortstory--andhashadaworldwideinfluenceonliterature.

Works

TalesoftheGrotesqueandtheArabesque

《奇异怪诞故事集》

MS.FoundinaBottle”《瓶子里发现的手稿》

TheMurdersintheRueMorgue”《毛格街杀人案》

TheFalloftheHouseofUsher”《厄舍古屋的倒塌》

TheMasqueoftheRedDeath”《红色死亡的化妆舞会》

TheCaskofAmontillado”《一桶酒的故事》

TheRaven《乌鸦》

Israfel《伊斯拉菲尔》

AnnabelLee《安娜贝尔•李》

ToHelen《致海伦》

ThePoeticPrinciple《诗歌原理》

ThePhilosophyofComposition《创作哲学》

TheRavenisPoe’smostwidelyacclaimedpoem.Ittellsaboutawearyandheart-brokenstudentwhositsinhiswell-decoratedchamberreadinghis“quaintandcurious”bookstodriveawayhissorrowoutamysteriousdialoguewithablack,deathlikeravenwhovisitshiminthemidstofthenight.

ToHelenisPoe’swell-knownlyric.Itsingsthebreath-takingbeautyofancientGreece.

AnnabelLeeisPoe’slastpoemdedicatedtohisdeadwife,VirginiaClemm.ThepoemisclaimedastheculminationofPoe’slyricstyleinhisrecurrentthemeofthelossofabeautifulandlovedwoman.

ThemesandWritingfeatures

1．EdgarAllanPoehasbeenknownforwritingstoriesofmysteryandhorror.Hehascomposedpoemsdealingwiththeoccult.Hefavorsthosethemesandideasthatpeopleshyawayfrom,death,pain,suffering,torture,terror,andfear.

2．Poeusesanabundanceofdescriptivelanguageinordertoconveythefeelingsofhischoiceontohisreader.First-personnarrativestylecreatesachannelbetweentheauthorandreadergivingtheauthortheabilitytogetpersonalandintimatewiththereader.Heusesalotofsymbolsinhisworks.

Hispoetryshowtherestraintandthecalculatedmusicaleffectsoflanguage

Evaluation

1.PoeremainedthemostcontroversialandmostmisunderstoodliteraryfigureinthehistoryofAmericanliterature.

2.Ironically,itwasinEuropethatPoeenjoyedrespectandwelcome.

3.BernardShawsaid:

“Poewas‘thegreatestjournalisticcriticofhistime;hispoetryisexquisitelyrefined;andhistalesare“completeworksofart”.

4.Poe’sreputationwasfirstmadeinFrance.CharlesBaudelairesaidthat“EdgarPoe,whoisn’tmuchinAmerica,mustbecomeagreatmaninFrance.”

Poe’sArtistictheories

1.Poearguedforthecreationofbeautyandintensityofemotion,againstthedidacticmotiveforliterature.

2.Poefeltthatliteratureshouldhavenosocialfunctionorresponsibilitybutshouldbeanexpressionoftheisolatedartist.

3.Poethoughtthattheartistshouldbeconcernedsolelywithbeauty,ofimagination.Therealworldiscruel,uglyandfastintodecaying.Theartist’slifeislonely,painfulandhopeless.Theonlyhappinessaroseoutofthecreationandcontemplationofbeauty.

Poe’stheoriesonFiction

1.Agoodfictionshouldonlytellsoneevent,whichcanbefinishedonce.

2.Fictionshouldstimulatereadersandimpressthemdeeply.Itshouldhaveaconsistenteffectthroughoutthewholetext.

3.Heshowedinhisfictiontheimpulsetoself-destruction,thefascinationwithhorriblecatastrophe,whimsicalandabnormalpsychology.

4.Hedepictedtheinnerworldorpsychologyofhischaracters.

Poe’stheoriesonPoetry

1.Hispoetryexpressthesamedeephopelessnessandrejectionoftheworldashisprose,butinadifferentway.

2.Heavoidstheintrusionofuglinessandtriestocreateavisionofbeautyandamelodioussound.Thebasictoneismelancholy.

3.Thefunctionofpoetryisnottosummarizeandinterpretearthlyexperience,buttocreateamoodinwhichthesoulsoarstowardsupernalbeauty.

4.Thecreationofworkofartrequirestheutmostconcentrationandunity,aswellasthemostscrupuloususeofwords.

ToHelen

Helen,thybeautyistome

LikethoseNiceanbarksofyore,

Thatgently,o'eraperfumedsea,

Theweary,waywornwandererbore

tohisownnativeshore.

海伦，你的美对我而言

恰似往昔尼萨的小舟，

温缓地掠过芬芳的大海，

疲惫不堪的浪游者归返

亲爱的故乡海岸。

Ondesperateseaslongwonttoroam,

Thyhyacinthhair,thyclassicface,

ThyNaiadairshavebroughtmehome

ToglorythatwasGreece,

AndthegrandeurthatwasRome.

经历了海上长久的飘荡，

你风信子似的秀发，

你闪烁着古典美的面庞，

你水精仙子般的呼吸引我还乡，

重见希腊的光荣与罗马的辉煌。

Lo!

inyonbrilliantwindowniche

HowstatuelikeIseetheestand,

Theagatelampwithinthyhand!

Ah,Psyche,fromtheregionswhich

AreHolyLand!

看哪，在那精美的窗龛内，

你如雕像一般玉立，

玛瑙灯攥紧在手里。

啊，普赛克，你所从来的边陲

乃是一方至善的圣地。

ToHelen

Stanza1

ThepoetfirstmentionedHelen,themostfamousbeautyinGreatmythology.ThenPoecomparedhimselftoOdysseus,whowanderedfortenyearsovertheseatogethome.AsOdysseus,EdgarAllanPoewaspersistentinhischasingafterfineartswiththesincerebeliefthatart,orbeautyandtruth,istheultimateaim,thehome,forthewanderingpoet;whileHelen,theembodimentofancientbeauty,istheguidertothatdreamland.

Stanza2

Alltheartandliteratureoriginatedfromonething---beauty.HavingtakenHelenastheembodimentofbeauty,thepoetwasconfidentthatoncehesawHelen,hewassuretobeledbyHelentothehomeofbeauty---fineandpureliterature.PoeinsistedthatGreeceandRomearethehomesofbeauty,thetreasurehousesoffineartandliterature.

Stanza3

ThespeakerseesHelenstandinginthebrightnicheandholdinginherhandanagatelamp.SheisquitesimilartogoddessPsychefromGreekMyth.ThroughhisdescriptionofhispassiontoHelen,Poeexpressedhispursuitandsinceredevotiontobeauty.

Inthepoem,threebeautiesinancientGreekmythology—Helen,Naiad,Oneofthenymphswholivedinandpresidedoverbrooks,springs,andfountains.andPsyche,AyoungwomanwholovedandwaslovedbyEros（godoflove）andwasunitedwithhim---arementionedjusttoshowthatbeautyissomethingthatexisted;itisveryholybutitishardtoreach.

“TheRaven”——BYEdgarAllanPoe

Onceuponamidnightdreary,whileIpondered,weakandweakry.  

Overmanyaquintandcuriousvolumeofforgottenlore.  

WhileInodded,nearlynapping,suddenlytherecameatapping,  

Asofsomeonerapping,rappingatmychamberdoor.  

"'Tissomevisitor,"Imuttered,"tappingatmychamberdoor--  

                                    Onlythis,andnothingmore."  

从前一个阴郁的子夜，我独自沉思，慵懒疲竭，

沉思许多古怪而离奇、早已被人遗忘的传闻——

当我开始打盹，几乎入睡，突然传来一阵轻擂，

仿佛有人在轻轻叩击，轻轻叩击我的房门。

“有人来了，”我轻声嘟喃，“正在叩击我的房门——

唯此而已，别无他般。

”

Ah,distinctlyIrememberitwasinthebleakDecember,

Andeachseparatedyingemberwroughtitsghostuponthefloor.

EagerlyIwishedthemorrow;-vainlyIhadtriedtoborrow

Frommybookssurceaseofsorrow

（1）-sorrowforthelostLenore-

FortherareandradiantmaidenwhomtheangelsnameLenore-

                                     Namelesshereforevermore

哦，我清楚地记得那是在萧瑟的十二月；

每一团奄奄一息的余烬都形成阴影伏在地板。

我当时真盼望翌日；——因为我已经枉费心机

想用书来消除悲哀——消除因失去丽诺尔的悲叹——

因那被天使叫作丽诺尔的少女，她美丽娇艳——

在这儿却默默无闻，直至永远。

Andthesilkensaduncertainrustlingofeachpurplecurtain

Thrilledme-filledmewithfantasticterrorsneverfeltbefore;

Sothatnow,tostillthebeatingofmyheart,Istoodrepeating

"'Tissomevisitorentreatingentranceatmychamberdoor-

Somelatevisitorentreatingentranceatmychamberdoor;-

                                     Thisitisandnothingmore.

那柔软、暗淡、飒飒飘动的每一块紫色窗布

使我心中充满前所未有的恐怖——我毛骨惊然；

为平息我心儿停跳．我站起身反复叨念

“这是有人想进屋，在叩我的房门——。

更深夜半有人想进屋，在叩我的房门；——

唯此而已，别无他般。

”

Presentlymysoulgrewstronger;hesitatingthennolonger,

"Sir,"saidI,"orMa