八年英语真题分类专项考点12说明文类.docx

八年英语真题分类专项考点12说明文类.docx

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八年英语真题分类专项考点12说明文类

考点12说明文类

1．（2015广东）

Howlongcanhumanbeingslive?

Mostscientistswhostudyoldagethinkthatthehumanbodyis1tolivenolongerthan120years.However,110yearsisprobablythelongestthatanyonecouldhopetolive—ifheorsheis2healthyandlucky.Somescientistsevensaywecanliveaslongas130years!

Yet,ourcellssimplycannotcontinuetoreproduce3.Theywearout,andasaresult,wegetoldand4die.

Eventhoughwecan’tliveforever,wearelivinga5lifethaneverbefore.In1900,theaverageAmericanlifespan（寿命）wasonly47years,buttodayitis75years!

Whendoesoldagebeginthen?

Sixty-fivemaybeout-of-dateasthe6linebetweenmiddleageandoldage.Afterall,manyolderpeopledon’tbegintoexperiencephysicalandmental7untilafterage75.

Peoplearelivinglongerbecausemorepeople8childhood.Beforemodernmedicinechangedthelawsofnature,manychildrendiedofcommonchildhood9.Nowthatthechancesofdying10aremuchlower,thechancesoflivinglongaremuchhigherduetobetterdietsandhealthcare.

0nthewhole,ourpopulationisgettingolder.The11inourpopulationwillhavelastingeffectsonoursocialdevelopmentandourwayoflife.Somepeoplefearsuchchangeswillbefortheworse,whilesomesee12,notdisaster,manymenandwomenintheir“goldenyears”arehealthy,stillactive,andyoungin13ifnotinage.

Asthesocietygrowsold,weneedthe14ofouroldercitizens.Withlonglivesaheadofthem,theyneedto15activeanddevoted.

1．A．designedB．selectedC．improvedD．discovered

2．A．completelyB．generallyC．apparentlyD．extremely

3．A．rapidlyB．harmlesslyC．endlesslyD．separately

4．A．eventuallyB．hopelesslyC．automaticallyD．desperately

5．A．busierB．longerC．richerD．happier

6．A．finishingB．guidingC．waitingD．dividing

7．A．stressB．damageC．declineD．failure

8．A．surviveB．enjoyC．rememberD．value

9．A．problemsB．fearsC．worriesD．diseases

10．A．poorB．youngC．sickD．quiet

11．A．changesB．recoveryC．safetyD．increases

12．A．dreamsB．chancesC．strengthsD．choices

13．A．mindB．appearanceC．voiceD．movement

14．A．protectionB．suggestionsC．contributionsD．permission

15．A．soundB．appearC．turnD．stay

2．（2015安徽）

Inourmodernworld,whensomethingwearsout,wethrowitawayandbuyanewone.The36isthatcountriesaroundtheworldhavegrowingmountainsof37becausepeoplearethrowingoutmorerubbishthaneverbefore.

Howdidwe38athrowawaysociety?

Firstofall,itisnoweasierto39anobjectthantospendtimeandmoneytorepairit.40modernmanufacturing（制造业）andtechnology,companiesareabletoproduceproductsquicklyandinexpensively.Productsareplentifuland41.

Anothercauseisour42ofdisposable（一次性的）products.As43people,wearealwayslookingfor44tosavetimeandmakeourliveseasier.Companies45thousandsofdifferentkindsofdisposableproducts:

paperplates,plasticcups,andcameras,tonameafew.

0urappetitefornewproductsalso46totheproblem.Weare47buyingnewthings.Advertisementspersuadeusthat48isbetterandthatwewillbehappierwiththelatestproducts.Theresultisthatwe49usefulpossessionstomakeroomfornewones.

Allaroundtheworld,wecanseethe50ofthisthrowawaylifestyle.Mountainsofrubbishjustkeepgettingbigger.To51theamountofrubbishandtoprotectthe52,moregovernmentsarerequiringpeopletorecyclematerials.53,thisisnotenoughtosolve（解决）ourproblem.

Maybethereisanotherwayout.Weneedtorepairourpossessions54throwingthemaway.Wealsoneedtorethinkourattitudesabout55.Repairingourpossessionsandchangingourspendinghabitsmaybethebestwaytoreducetheamountofrubbishandtakecareofourenvironment.

36．A．keyB．reasonC．projectD．problem

37．A．giftsB．rubbishC．debtD．products

38．A．aceB．becomeC．observeD．change

39．A．hideB．controlC．replaceD．withdraw

40．A．ThankstoB．AstoC．ExceptforD．Regardlessof

41．A．safeB．funnyC．cheapD．powerful

42．A．loveB．lackC．preventionD．division

43．A．sensitiveB．kindC．braveD．busy

44．A．waysB．placesC．jobsD．friends

45．A．donateB．receiveC．produceD．preserve

46．A．adaptsB．returnsC．respondsD．contributes

47．A．tiredofB．addictedtoC．worriedaboutD．ashamedfor

48．A．newerB．strongerC．higherD．larger

49．A．pickupB．payforC．holdontoD．throwaway

50．A．advantagesB．purposesC．functionsD．consequences

51．A．showB．recordC．decreaseD．measure

52．A．technologyB．environmentC．consumersD．brands

53．A．HoweverB．0therwiseC．ThereforeD．Meanwhile

54．A．byB．infavourofC．afterD．insteadof

55．A．spendingB．collectingC．repairingD．advertising

3．（2014新课全国I）

Asageneralrule¸allformsofactivityleadtoboredomwhentheyareperformedonaroutine（常规）basis．Asamatteroffact．wecanseethis41atworkinpeopleofall42．Forexample¸onChristmasmorning¸childrenareexcitedabout43withtheirnewtoys．Buttheir44soonwearsoffandbyJanuarythose45toyscanbefoundputawayinthebasement．Theworldisfullof46stampalbumsandunfinishedmodels¸eachstandingasamonumenttosomeone's47interest．Whenparentsbringhomeapettheirchild48bathesitandbrushesitsfur．Withinashorttime¸however¸the49ofcaringfortheanimalishandedovertotheparents．Adolescentsenterhighschoolwithgreat50butaresoonlookingforwardto51．Thesameistrueoftheyoungadultsgoingtocollege．Andthen¸howmany52¸whonowcomplain（抱怨）aboutthelongdrivestowork．53droveforhoursatatimewhentheyfirst54theirdriver'slicenses（执照）?

Beforepeopleretire¸theyusually55todoalotof56things¸whichtheyneverhad57todowhileworking．But58afterretirement¸thegolfing¸thefishing¸thereadingandalloftheotherpastimesbecomeasboringasthejobsthey59．And¸likethechildinJanuary¸theygosearchingfornew60．

41．A．principleB．habitC．wayD．power

42．A．partiesB．racesC．countriesD．ages

43．A．workingB．livingC．playingD．going

44．A．confidenceB．interestC．anxietyD．sorrow

45．A．sameB．extraC．funnyD．expensive

46．A．well-organizedB．colorfully-printed

C．newly-collectedD．half-filled

47．A．broadB．passingC．differentD．main

48．A．silentlyB．impatientlyC．gladlyD．worriedly

49．A．promiseB．burdenC．rightD．game

50．A．courageB．calmnessC．confusionD．excitement

51．A．graduationB．independenceC．responsibilityD．success

52．A．childrenB．studentsC．adultsD．retirees

53．A．carefullyB．eagerlyC．nervouslyD．bravely

54．A．requiredB．obtainedC．noticedD．discovered

55．A．needB．learnC．startD．plan

56．A．greatB．strangeC．difficultD．correct

57．A．timeB．moneyC．skillsD．knowledge

58．A．onlyB．wellC．evenD．soon

59．A．lostB．choseC．leftD．quit

50．A．petsB．toysC．friendsD．colleagues

4．（2013广东）

Numbersenseisnottheabilitytocount．Itistheabilitytorecognizealinnumber．Humanbeingsarebornwiththisability．2experimentsshowthatmanyanimalsare¸too．Forexample¸manybirdshavegoodnumbersense．Ifanesthasfour'eggsandyouremoveone¸thebirdwillnot3．However¸ifyouremovetwo¸thebird4leaves．Thismeansthatthebirdknowsthe5betweentwoandthree．

Anotherinterestingexperimentshowedabird's6numbersense．Amanwastryingtotakeaphotoofacrow（乌鸦）thathadanestinatower¸butthecrowalwaysleftwhenshesawhimcoming．Thebirddidnot7untilthemanleftthetower．Themanhadan8．Hetookanothermanwithhimtothetower．0nemanleftandtheotherstayed¸buttheydidnot9thebird．Thecrowstayedawayuntilthesecondmanleft¸too．Theexperimentwas10withthreemenandthenwithfourmen．Butthecrowdidnotreturntothenestuntilallthemenwere11．Itwasnotuntilfivemenwentintothetowerandonlyfourleftthattheywere12abletofoolthecrow．

Howgoodisahuman'snumbersense?

It'snotverygood．Forexample¸babiesaboutfourteenmonthsoldalmostalwaysnoticeifsomethingistakenawayfroma13group．Butwhenthenumbergoesbeyondthreeorfour¸thechildrenare14fooled．

Itseemsthatnumbersenseissomethingwehaveincommonwithmanyanimalsinthisworld¸andthatourhuman15isnotmuchbetterthanacrow's．

1．A．riseB．patternC．changeD．trend

2．A．ImportantlyB．SurprisinglyC．DisappointedlyD．Fortunately

3．A．surviveB．careC．hatchD．notice

4．A．generallyB．sincerelyC．casuallyD．deliberately

5．A．distanceB．rangeC．differenceD．interval

6．A．amazingB．annoyingC．satisfyingD．disturbing

7．A．relaxB．recoverC．reactD．return

8．A．appointmentB．excuseC．ideaD．explanation

9．A．foolB．hurtC．catchD．kill

10．A．reportedB．repeatedC．designedD．approved

11．A．confusedB．goneC．tiredD．drunk

12．A．graduallyB．luckilyC．strangelyD．finally

13．A．singleB．smallC．localD．new

14．A．seldomB．temporarilyC．merelyD．often

15．A．sightB．natureC．abilityD．belief

5．（2012新课标全国）

Bodylanguageisthequiet¸secretandmostpowerfullanguageofall！

Itspeaks36thanwords．Accordingtospecialists¸ourbodiessendoutmore．37thanwerealize．Infact¸non-verbal（非言语）communicationtakesupabout50%0fwhatwereally38．Andbody39whenlanguageisparticularl