从《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》与《水浒传》比较分析西方骑士精神与中国侠义精神.docx

从《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》与《水浒传》比较分析西方骑士精神与中国侠义精神.docx

《从《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》与《水浒传》比较分析西方骑士精神与中国侠义精神.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《从《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》与《水浒传》比较分析西方骑士精神与中国侠义精神.docx（12页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

从《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》与《水浒传》比较分析西方骑士精神与中国侠义精神

攀枝花学院本科毕业论文

从《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》与《水浒传》

比较分析西方骑士精神与中国侠义精神

学生姓名：

胡艳秋

学生学号：

200510201106

院（系）：

外国语学院

年级专业：

2005级英语本科1班

指导教师：

卢丙华讲师

二〇〇九年五月

AComparativeStudyofWesternKnightSpiritandChineseChivalry

——ViewedfromTheSirGawainandtheGreenKnightandHeroesoftheMarshes

HuYanqiu

UndertheSupervisionof

LuBinghua

SchoolofForeignLanguagesandCultures

PanzhihuaUniversity

May2009

Contents

AbstractI

KeywordsI

摘要II

关键词II

Introduction1

Ⅰ.TheSpiritCoreofTheSirGawainandtheGreenKnightandHeroesoftheMarshesRespectively2

A.ABriefIntroductionandanAnalysisofWesternKnightSpiritinTheSirGawainandtheGreenKnight2

B.ABriefIntroductionandAnalysisofChineseChivalryinHeroesoftheMarshes3

Ⅱ.TheSocialQualificationsfortheEmergenceoftheTwoSpirits4

A.TheHistoricalConditionsfortheAppearanceandExistenceoftheKnightSpirit4

B.TheHistoricalConditionsfortheAppearanceandExistenceoftheChineseChivalry6

Ⅲ.TheSimilaritiesandDifferencesbetweentheTwoSpirits7

A.SimilaritiesandDifferencesofTheirEmergenceConditions7

B.SimilaritiesandDifferencesofTheirContents8

C.SimilaritiesandDifferencesoftheSocialStatusofWesternKnightandChineseKnight-errant10

IV.TheEffectsoftheWesternKnightSpiritandChineseChivalry.10

Conclusion12

Acknowledgements13

Bibliography14

Abstract

ChinesechivalryisoneofthemostimportantelementsoftraditionalChineseculture;ithasalonghistoryinChina.AndWesternknightspiritwhichhasmuchthesameasChinesechivalryisalsofloweringinWesternhistory.ThesetwoculturalspiritshaveshowedthemselvesintwoveryimportantworksnamedTheSirGawainandtheGreenKnightandHeroesoftheMarshes.

SirGawainwhowasabraveandhonestknightwasarepresentativeoftheknightheroesinthe14thcentury;hewastheembodimentofthelord’sprotector.Whilethe108heroesofthemarsheswhocamefromundergroundpeoplefightagainstthoselordsandprotectedcommonpeople’sinterests,theyarealsocalledChineseknight-errants.Differentregionsandclassesmaygivebirthtodifferentcultures,andspecialculturescanbefoundinparticularhistoricalstages.Inthispaper,thesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweentheChinesechivalryandtheWesternknightspiritareanalyzedfromtheirdifferentspiritcores.AndthehistoricalconditionsfortheappearanceandexistenceoftheWesternknightspiritandtheChinesechivalryandtheeffectsofthetwospiritsarealsointroduced.

Theanalysisofthetwomasterpieceswillhavesomehelptoabetterunderstandingofthesetwopreciousspiritcultures.

Keywords

Westernknightspirit;Chinesechivalry;spiritcore;culture

摘要

侠文化是中国传统文化的一个重要组成部分，在我国历史上源远流长。

而在中国侠文化蓬勃发展之后，西方中世纪也出现了与之相似的骑士文化。

这两种既相似而又不同的文化精神在中西方两部经典作品《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》与《水浒传》中表现的尤为突出。

中古时期的东西方有着一群极其相似的武士，他们一言九鼎，尚勇轻死，侠肝义胆，锄强扶弱。

他们分别是代表东方侠义精神的侠客和代表西方骑士精神的骑士。

武侠文化与骑士文化都是尚武的、粗犷的、虎虎生风、充满阳刚气息的雄性文化，在不同的人文环境中却又表现得多姿多彩。

双方都有很多共同的信念，而这些信念奠定了对二者进行比较的基础，比如路见不平，拔刀相助，爱惜名誉，慷慨轻财等。

他们都是一种锄强扶弱、劫富济贫利他性质的豪侠精神；他们的行为都是一种对于弱势群体的拯救和关怀，因此把他们称为东、西方之侠并不过分。

但是，它们毕竟隶属于不同文化，二者又存在很大区别。

武侠文化深深地影响着中国人的国民性，比如报恩、复仇、忠义思想、生死观等等，而对个人则表现为对其人格的爱护和尊重，为被压迫者和被迫害者牺牲全部力量甚至自己生命的慷慨勇敢精神。

西方人注意绅士风度，强调公平竞争，注重风度、礼节、外表举止等等这些优良习惯与骑士文化的传播是分不开的。

在面对这两种文化之时，如果我们能够取其精华，去其糟粕，也许这些精神有的并不过时。

因此，本文将从《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》与《水浒传》所表现的精神内核出发对比分析西方骑士精神与中国侠义精神，帮助我们更好的了解和正确的对待这两种宝贵的精神文化。

关键词

西方骑士精神;中国侠义精神;精神内核;文化

Introduction

IntheMiddleAges,therewasagroupofwarriorsintheWestandtheEastrespectively.Theywereallgenerous,brave,honest,andwillingtohelpothers.TheywereChineseknight-errantswhorepresentedtheorientchivalryandWesternknightswhorepresentedtheWesternknightspirit.

ChinesechivalrywhichhaslonghistoryinChinaisanimportantelementoftraditionalChineseculture,andWesternknightspiritwhichhasmuchthesameasChinesechivalryisalsofloweringintheMiddleAges.ThesetwoculturalspiritshaveshowedthemselvesintwoveryimportantworksnamedTheSirGawainandtheGreenKnightwhichisknownasamasterpieceoftheEuropeanromanticverseandHeroesoftheMarsheswhichisoneofthe“FourMasterpiece”inChina.

BoththeChineseknight-errantsandWesternknightshavethespiritsasgenerosity,braveness,honesty,andaggressivity.However,sincetheyhavedifferenthistoricalandsocialbackgrounds,theyhavemanydifferencesinvariousaspects.

Inthispaper,thesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweentheChinesechivalryandtheWesternknightspiritareanalyzedfromtheaspectoftheirdifferentspiritcores.ThecomparisonbetweentheknightspiritandChinesechivalryillustratestheuniquenessoftheWesternandtheEasterncultures．Thebasicreasonswhytheyaredifferentarethattheyarederivedfromdifferenteconomicandpoliticalsystems.Thesimilaritiesanddifferencesofthetwospiritsinaspectsoftheiremergenceconditions,contentsandsocialstatusworthfurtherstudyandresearch.

Inthepaper,thehistoricalconditionsfortheappearanceandexistenceoftheWesternknightspiritandtheChinesechivalry,theirsimilaritiesanddifferencesandalsotheeffectsofthetwospiritsareintroduced.

Thispaperwillbehelpfultoabetterunderstandingofthesetwopreciousspiritcultures.

Ⅰ.TheSpiritCoreofTheSirGawainandtheGreenKnightandHeroesoftheMarshesRespectively

A.ABriefIntroductionandanAnalysisofWesternKnightSpiritinTheSirGawainandtheGreenKnight

TheSirGawainandtheGreenKnightisamasterpieceoftheEnglishromanticverse.Ithas2529lineswiththeauthorunknown;ithasbeenfinishedinthe14thcentury（ZhangBoxiang4）.Thestoryisasfollows:

onaChristmasEve,whenthekingArthurheldabanquetinhispalace,agreenknightcameandsaidthatwhethertherewassomeonewhodaredtocuthisheadandaccepthisrevengeayearlater.SirGawainrosetothechallengeandcutthegreenknight’shead;thestill-livedbodypickedhisheadupandreturnedhisgreenpalace.Oneyearlater,whenSirGawainsearchedforthegreenknightashadpromised,hestayedinacastle.ThehostessofthecastleseducedSirGawainwhenherhusbandwasout,butSirGawaindidnotgiveresponsetoher.Finally,SirGawainleftthecastleforthegreenpalaceledbyaguide.Tohissurprise,thegreenknightwasthehostofthecastle,heattackedSirGawainthreetimes,butthefirsttwodidnothurtSirGawainandthelastoneonlyleftasmallscaronSirGawain’sneck.Thegreenknightexplainedtohim:

thefirsttwoempty-attacksweretherewardforhisintegrityandthelastoneisthepunishmentforhisacceptingthehostess’spresent—agirdle.AfterreturningtothekingArthur’spalace,SirGawaintoldtheothershisexperience,alltheotherknightsconsideredhimasaheroandregardedthegirdlewhichwasgivenbythehostessasasymbolofchastityandholiness.

TheSirGawainandtheGreenKnightbelongstothelegendsoftheKingAuthurandhisround-tableknights.Becauseofitshugeexpressiveforce,itreflectstheidealofthechivalryandbecomesthekerneloftheMiddleAges’aristocratfeudalism.Therefore,itrepresentsthehighestachievementoftheEnglishverseintheMiddleAges.TheexperienceoftheknightSirGawainreflectstheideaofnationalism.Insteadofthetraditionalimageoftheknight,itincludessomeirontotheknightintheversewhichshowsusthesproutofthehumanismintheRenaissancetosomedegree.

TheSirGawainandtheGreenKnightisagreatworkwhichdoesnotonlydescribethearistocratlifebutalsogiveshighpraiseoftheknight’sbraveness,pudicity,honesty,andsenseofhonor.Inthe14thcenturywhenthefeudalismwasdecliningthisstorywaswrittentoreaffirmtheidealofthechivalry.Thespiritcoreoftheknightisasfollows:

tobeloyaltomonarch,toprotectthechurch,andtohelpthosewhoneedtheirhelp.TheknightshouldnotonlybeloyaltotheChristianitybutalsoprotectthecountry,thecastlesandthosehostessesandlord-ladies.Allthesecharactersmakeupoftheso-calledchivalry.

B.ABriefIntroductionandanAnalysisofChineseChivalryinHeroesoftheMarshes

HeroesoftheMarsheswhichiswrittenbyShiNai’anisoneofthe“FourMasterpieces”inChina;itisaboutanuprisingwhichhappenedintheendoftheNorthernSongDynasty.Becauseofthecorruptionofthegovernment,SongJiangledthepeasantsfightagainstthegovernmentandbecametheleaderinLiangShan.Thestoryofthe108LiangShanheroesisknowntoallChinesepeople;ittellsaboutthereasonandprocessofthe108heroes’goingtoLiangShanandthebeginning,processandendingoftheuprising,aftermanyhardbattleswiththegovernmentarmy,the108heroesfinallysurrendered.Althoughtheuprisingwasfailed,thecharmwhichhadbeenshowedinHeroesoftheMarshesbecamethechivalryspiritofthose"outlaws".AllthebehaviorsoftheheroesshowthechivalryspiritoftraditionalChinesefolkculture.

InHeroesoftheMarsheswecanfindsomekindoffolkcolorwhichisaveryimportantpartoftraditionalChinesefolkculture.AlltheheroesinthemarshessuchasSongJiang,LiKuiandCaiJinhaveasenseofobligation;theyarewillingtohelpotherswithnocareofreturn,andtheyarealwaysreadytodieforthebenefitofthemajority.Itissaidthatbawcockisapersonwhostricttoprinciple,alwaysreadytohelpothers,andhelpthosewhoneedhishelp.

TheworshiptothechivalryspiritinHeroesoftheMarshesreflectsthecommonpeople'spsychology.Theyhatedthecorruptionandthedarkgovernment;theythoughtitwasjustifiedtothose"outlaws"torobtherichandthosegovernmentofficials.Heroesin