高中英语 全套单词语法详解及高考题型单元专题练习含答案 BOOK 8 Module 4Module 6.docx
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高中英语全套单词语法详解及高考题型单元专题练习含答案BOOK8Module4Module6
Ⅰ.核心必记单词
1.matterv.重要,要紧;有关系;n.事情
2.countv.很重要;很有价值;数数
3.uniqueadj.独一无二的;独特的
4.convincedadj.确信的,信服的→convincevt.说服;使确信
5.associationn.联系→associatev.联系;联想→associatedadj.有关联的;相关的
6.conveyv.传达,传递
7.selectv.挑选,选择
8.significancen.意义;含义→significantadj.重大的,重要的
9.rejectv.拒绝接受→rejectionn.拒绝
10.overcomev.征服;战胜
11.opposev.反对→opposedadj.反对的;对立的;相反的
12.conflictn.冲突;抵触
13.approvaln.赞许;赞成→approvevi.批准;赞成
14.accustomedadj.习惯的→accustomv.使习惯
15.historicadj.历史性的,有重大历史意义的→historicaladj.历史上的→historyn.历史
16.assumev.假定,假设→assumptionn.假定,设想
17.advancedadj.高级的,先进的→advancen.进步,进展;v.前进;将……提前
18.burstv.爆炸
19.viewv.看,观察
20.acknowledgev.承认;认为→acknowledgementn.承认;认为
21.defeatn.失败
22.sorrown.悲伤;悲痛
23.reliefn.安慰;宽慰→relievev.缓解;解除
24.sympathyn.同情;同情心
25.consultv.咨询;请教→consultantn.顾问
26.tolerantadj.宽容的;容忍的→toleratev.宽容;容忍
27.mentaladj.内心的;精神上的
28.glancev.一瞥;迅速看一眼
29.cautionv.警告;劝……小心;n.警惕,小心→cautiousadj.小心的,谨慎的
30.donatev.提供;捐(赠)→donationn.捐赠;提供
31.updatev.更新;刷新
32.decoratev.装点;美化→decorationn.装饰;装饰品
33.typicallyadv.典型地,有代表性地;向来,一向
34.reflectv.反映,显示;表达→reflectionn.显示;表达;倒影
Ⅱ.阅读识记单词
35.instantlyadv.立即,马上→instantn.瞬间;立刻;adj.立刻的
36.debaten.&v.讨论;辩论
37.investigatev.调查→investigationn.调查
38.acquirev.得到,获得→acquirementn.得到;获得
39.splendidadj.极好的;优秀的
40.relevantadj.有关的;切题的
41.withdrawv.收回;撤销(说过的话)→withdrew(过去式)→withdrawn(过去分词)
42.abusev.辱骂;恶语
43.witnessv.目击,亲眼看见;亲身经历;n.目击者,见证人
44.decaden.十年
45.randomadj.任意的;随机的
46.swearv.起誓保证→swore(过去式)→sworn(过去分词)
47.gloryn.光荣;荣誉→gloriousadj.光荣的;荣耀的
48.deliberatelyadv.蓄意地,故意地→deliberateadj.故意的
49.acquaintancen.相识的人;泛泛之交
50.farewelln.告别
51.expensen.费用→expensiveadj.昂贵的
52.launchv.开始,(积极有力地)着手进行
53.departuren.启程;上路→departvt.离开,出发
54.caterv.满足需求
55.independencen.独立→independentadj.独立的→independentlyadv.独立地
语境活用
[用所给词的正确形式填空]
1.TheirchangeofplanisstrangebutIdon’tthinkit’ssignificant(significance).
2.I’ma34-year-oldman,married,liveinanicehouse,andhaveasuccessfulcareerasaneducationalconsultant(consult).(2016·天津)
3.Oneday,mentally(mental)exhausted,Iwrotedownallthereasonswhythisproblemcouldnotbesolved.(2016·天津)
4.Donations(donate)beganfloodinginfromhundredsofpeople.
5.Indiaattainedindependence(independent)in1947,afteralongstruggle.
6.Thepassagecanbeseenastheauthor’sreflections(reflect)uponaparticularlifeexperience.
(2017·天津)
7.Abrightredcloudenvelopedtheanimal,andtoMac’srelief(relieve),itfellback,shakingitshead.(2017·浙江)
8.Theauthoriscautious(caution)aboutself-government.(2015·江苏)
9.Butwhenhelookedtotheside,hesawinstantly(instant)thatitwasn’tadogatall,butawolf,quicklycatchingupwithhim.(2017·浙江)
10.Mycalculationswerebasedontheassumption(assume)thathousepriceswouldremainsteady.
1.tell...apart区分开
2.aslongas只要
3.liein在于
4.inconclusion总之
5.ahugenumberof大量的
6.getdownto(doing)sth.开始(做)某事
7.letsb.down使某人失望
8.inspiteof不管
9.aseriesof一系列的;一连串的
10.accusesb.ofdoingsth.指责某人(做)某事
11.prayfor祈望;祈求
12.besimilarto与……相似
13.setinmotion使某事开始
14.setout开始做;着手进行
15.takeholdof抓住
16.approveofsth.赞成某事;满意某事
17.caterfor满足……的要求
18.correspondwith与……通信
语境活用
[选用上述黑体短语的正确形式填空]
1.Thefinalexamiscomingupsoon.It’stimeforustogetdowntoourstudies.
2.Yourdreamwillcometruesoonerorlateraslongasyoudoyourbest.
3.Themanaccusedoftheftshouldbetheassistantoftheboss.
4.Thetwoboysaremuchtooalike;Ican’ttellthemapart.
5.Hehasneverlethisparentsdown—becauseheworksveryhard.
6.Shetookitforgrantedthattheywouldapproveoftheidea.
7.Inspiteofhisphysicaldisability,hestillworksashardashiscolleagueseveryday.
8.Theconflictsbetweendifferentethnicgroupscausedaseriesofwars.
9.Ihopethathewillbeabletocaterforyourparticularneeds.
10.Iwascrossingthestreetwhensuddenlysomeonetookholdofmyarm.
1.bemeantto...被认为……;理应……;目的是……
It’snotmeanttoabusetheotherperson,butitmaysometimescauseoffence.
这并不是故意冒犯别人,但有的时候可能会触怒别人。
2.seemtohavedonesth.似乎做了某事
BythetimetheChallengertookoffin1986,theworldseemedtohavelostitsfearandwonderattheamazingachievementofpeoplegoingupintospace.
到1986年“挑战者”号起飞之前,人们似乎已经沉醉于人类走进太空这一巨大成就而忘记了恐惧,也失去了好奇。
3.as引导的让步状语从句
Incredibleasitmayseem,boththeobservationsofscienceandtheevidenceofoureyesleadtotheinescapableassumptionthat...
尽管看起来不可思议,但科学观测以及我们肉眼看到的证据都必然会让我们做出一个设想……
4.Itissaidthat...据说……
ItissaidthathedrownedwhenhefellintoariverwhiletryingtotakeholdofthereflectionoftheMoon.
据说他在试图捉月亮的影子时掉进江里溺水身亡。
句式仿写
1.这个项目的目的是帮助那些无家可归的人。
Theprogramismeanttohelpthosehomelesspeople.
2.我的哥哥似乎已经忘记了他对我的承诺。
Myelderbrotherseemedtohaveforgottenwhathehadpromisedtome.
3.尽管他学习很努力,高考还是失败了。
Hard-workingashewas,hefailedintheCollegeEntranceExamination.
4.据说人类天生就具备说话的能力。
Itissaidthathumanbeingsarenaturallyequippedtospeak.
1.种种“反对”
(1)opposev.反对
(2)opposedadj.反对的
(3)againstprep.反对;违反
(4)objectv.反对;不赞成
(5)objectionn.反对;异议
2.“悲伤”家族
(1)sorrown.悲伤;悲痛
(2)sorrowfuladj.悲伤的
(3)sadadj.悲哀的;难过的
(4)sadnessn.悲哀;难过
(5)griefn.悲痛;忧伤
3.“控告”词汇一览
(1)accusev.指控;控告
(2)chargev.指控,使承担
(3)complainv.控诉;抱怨
(4)suev.控告;请求
4.“揭露与隐藏”相关词汇集锦
(1)hidev.隐藏
(2)maskv.掩饰;戴面具
(3)discoverv.发现
(4)revealv.揭示,揭露
(5)uncoverv.揭露;发现
(6)exposev.使暴露;揭发
5.“大量的”高频短语荟萃
(1)agood/great/hugenumberof
(2)alargequantityof
(3)agreatdealof
(4)alargeamountof
(5)plentyof
instantlyadv.立刻;立即,马上
conj.一……就……
拓展词:
instantadj.立即的;立刻的;速食的;n.瞬间;片刻
inaninstant=instantly立刻;马上
foraninstant一瞬间;刹那间
theinstant=instantly一……就……
Atthegateofabar,hecameacrosshisteacher.Whenaskedwhathewasdoingthere,hecouldn’tanswer
(1)foraninstant(一瞬间)andleftthere
(2)inaninstant/instantly(马上).(3)Theinstant/Instantly(一……就……)hegothome,heclosedthedoorandwaslostinthought.
[联想拓展] 表示“一……就……”的连词或短语还有:
assoonas,themoment/minute/second,hardly...when,nosooner...than,directly,immediately等。
拓展词:
convincevt.使确信;使相信;使信服;说服,劝说
convincingadj.令人信服的
(1)beconvincedof/that...相信……
(2)convincesb.ofsth.使某人相信某事
convincesb.todosth.说服某人做某事
(1)Hismotherhasbeentryingtoconvincehimtosee(see)adoctor.
(2)Thislastargumentisthemostconvincing(convince)tome.
(3)HowcanIconvinceyouofherhonesty?
[句式升级]
(4)Hewasconvincedofitstruth,andhefeltpleased.(用形容词短语作状语改写)
Convincedofitstruth,hefeltpleased.
convey...tosb.向某人传达/传递/表达……
conveyone’sfeelings/meaning/sorrow...for...对……表达某人的感情/意思/难过……
(1)Pleaseconveymybestwishestoher.
(2)Ifindithardtoconveymyfeelingsinwords.
(3)Oureveryemotionandmoodcanbeconveyed(convey)withtheuseoffacialexpressionsandbodylanguage.
拓展词:
opposedadj.相反的;对立的
(1)oppose(doing)sth.反对(做)某事
opposesb./sb.’sdoingsth.反对某人做某事
(2)beopposedto反对
asopposedto而;相对于
(1)Iwouldcertainlyopposechanging(change)thesystem.
我当然会反对改变制度。
(2)Iamhereonbusinessasopposedtoaholiday.
我在这里是办公事而不是度假。
[句式升级]
(3)Thegovernmentpostponedthenewproposalbecausealotofpeoplewereopposedtoit.(用with复合结构改写)
Withalotofpeopleopposedto/opposingthenewproposal,thegovernmentpostponedit.
拓展词:
approvev.赞成,同意;批准,通过
(1)getone’sapproval得到某人的同意
giveapprovalto同意;批准
inapproval同意地
(2)approvesth.批准某事
approveof赞成;同意
(1)Iwouldappreciateitifmyapplicationcouldgetyourapproval.
如果你同意我的申请,我会非常感激。
[一句多译]
(2)她不同意女儿晚上出去。
①Shedidn’tapproveofherdaughtergoingoutatnight.(approve)
②Shedidn’tgiveapprovaltoherdaughtergoingoutatnight.(approval)
③Shedidn’tagreethatherdaughterwentoutatnight.(agree)
[易错点拨]
approve表示“赞成;同意”时,是不及物动词,不要将汉语的“赞成某人做某事”直译成approvesb.todo...或在其后跟that从句,而应用approveofsb./sb.’sdoingsth.。
拓展词:
assumptionn.假定;设想;担任
(1)assumesb./sth.tobe...认为某人(事)……
Itisassumedthat...人们认为……
(2)ontheassumptionthat...假定……
(3)assuming(that)...假设……(引导条件状语从句)
[句式升级]
(1)Iftherewasn’tthehardworkofthedustman,whatcanyouimagineourenvironmentwillbelike?
(用assumingthat...改写)
Assumingthattherewasn’tthehardworkofthedustman,whatcanyouimagineourenvironmentwillbelike?
(2)Peopleassumethatwhattheydohaslittleeffectontheenvironment.(用it作形式主语改写)
Itisassumedthatwhatpeopledohaslittleeffectontheenvironment.
[易错点拨]
在英语中,有些看上去是现在分词或过去分词的词,实际上可直接用作介词或连词。
这一类单词有:
(1)supposingconj.假设;如果;
(2)provided/providingconj.假设;如果;(3)givenprep.鉴于;考虑到;(4)consideringprep.&conj.鉴于;考虑到;(5)concerningprep.关于;(6)includingprep.包括;包含
dependv.依靠;依赖;取决于
拓展词:
dependentadj.依靠的;取决于……的
(1)dependon/upon根据;依靠,指望;由……决定,取决于
dependon/uponsb.todo/doing...依靠某人做……
dependonsb.forsth.依靠某人提供……
dependon/uponitthat...指望……;相信……
(2)It/That(all)depends.视情况而定。
(1)Howmuchsleepyouneeddependsalotonyourage.
你需要多少睡眠很大程度上取决于你的年龄。
(2017·浙江)
(2)Inmostcases,theytendtomeetafewhourseveryweekdepending(depend)ontheirownschedules.
大多数情况下,他们会根据他们自己的日程安排每个星期会见几个小时。
[一句多译]
(3)你可以指望他来帮你。
①Youcandependonhimtohelpyou.
②Youcandependonhimhelpingyou.
③Youcandependonitthathewillhelpyou.
[易错点拨]
因为介词后不能直接跟that引导的宾语从句,故dependon/upon后跟that从句时,先在介词后接it,再跟that从句,即dependon/uponitthat...。
拓展词:
acknowledgementn.承认;感谢;收件复函
(1)acknowledgesb./sth.tobe/as...认为某人/物是……;承认某人/物是……
acknowledgedoing/havingdonesth.承认做了某事
acknowledgethat...承认……
Itisuniversally/widelyacknowledgedthat...……是大家公认的。
(2)inacknowledgementof为感谢……
(1)Theyacknowledgedhavingbeendefeated/thattheyhadbeendefeated.
他们承认已被打败。
(2)Iwassentafreecopyinacknowledgementofmycontribution.
我收到一本赠刊,表示对我投稿的谢意。
[同义句改写]
(3)It’suniversallyacknowledgedthatheisthebestplayerintheworld.(改为简单句)
Heisuniversallyacknowledgedtobe/asthebestplayerintheworld.
[易错点拨]
acknowledge表示“承认做了某事”,其后可接动名词,也可接that从句,但通常不接不定式。
拓展词:
proofn.证明;证据
provenadj.被证实的;被证明了的
provesth.tosb.向某人证明某事
provetobe+n./adj.证明是……;结果是……prove为系动词
prove+that/wh从句 证明……
Itisprovedthat...经证明……
(1)However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths,morethan25,000peoplewereusingiteveryday.
然而,结果证明铁路是一个巨大的成功,六个月内超过25000人每天使用它。
(2017·全国Ⅱ)
[同义句改写]
(2)Thereportprovesitstruth.
①Thereportprovesittobetrue.
②Thereportprovesthatitistrue.
[句式升级]
(3)Thismethodisprovedtobemoreefficient.(用it作形式主语改写)
Itisprovedthatthismethodismoreefficient.
[易错点拨]
prove用作不及物动词,具有连系动词的性质,其后可接名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式(主要是tobe,且tobe可省略)等。
拓展词:
cautiousadj.小心的;谨慎的
cautiouslyadv.小心地
(1)withcautio