辽宁省本溪市第一中学学年高一英语下学期开学考试试题含参考答案.docx
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辽宁省本溪市第一中学学年高一英语下学期开学考试试题含参考答案
本溪市第一中学2018-2019学年高一英语下学期开学考试试题
本试卷分第一卷和第二卷两部分。
满分120分,考试时间100分钟。
考生作答时,将答案答在答题卡上,在本试卷上答题无效。
第Ⅰ卷
第一部分阅读理解(共两节,满分35分)
第一节阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
(共10小题;每小题2.5分,满分25分)
A
OscarWrigley,atwo-year-oldchildwiththesameIQasAlbertEinsteinandStephenHawking,hasbecometheyoungestboyinBritaintobeacceptedintoMensa.
AleaderattheGiftedChildren’sInformationCentresaidOscar,withanIQofatleast160,isoneofthebrightestchildrentheyhaveevercomeacross.
Oscar’sfatherJoe,29,anITspecialist,said,“Heisalwaysaskingquestions.EveryparentlikestothinktheirchildisspecialbutweknewtherewassomethingveryunusualaboutOscar.I’mfullyexpectingthedaytocomewhenheturnsaroundandtellsmeI’manidiot(白痴).”
MotherHannah,26,toldTheDailyMail,“Hesurpriseseveryone.Weknewat12weekshewasquitebright.Hewasunusuallyquickinmind.Theotherdayhesaidtome,‘Mummy,sausagesarelikeapartyinmymouth.’Hisvocabularyissurprising.He’sabletomakecomplexsentences.”
DrPeterCongdon,whotestedOscar,saidhewasa“childofverysuperiorintelligence(超常智力)”.Heshowedoutstandingability.“Oscarshowsgreatgift.ChangingthatgifttosuccessisthechallengeforhisparentsandwearepleasedthattheyhavechosentojointheMensanetworkforsupport”,hesaid.Exactlyspeaking,Oscarwasacceptedattheageoftwoyears,fivemonthsand11days.
TheyoungestBritishgirltojoinMensaisEliseTanRoberts,fromEdmonton,NorthLondon,attwoyears,fourmonthsand14days,withanIQof156.
1.WhywasOscarWrigleyacceptedintoMensa?
A.BecauseheisclevererthanAlbertEinstein.
B.Becausehehasverysuperiorintelligence.
C.BecauseheisthebrightestchildinBritain.
D.BecausehisfatherisanITspecialistofMensa.
2.WecaninferMensaisprobablythenameof_______.
A.thecleverestboyintheworld
B.thebrightestadultinBritain
C.aclubforpeoplewithsuperiorintelligence
D.afamilywithsuperiorintelligence
3.Accordingtothepassage,it’snoteasyforhisparentsto________.
A.changehisgifttosuccessB.answerhisquestions
C.testhisgiftD.knowhimwell
4.Themainpurposeofthepassageis____________.
A.totellusafamilywiththecleverestchild
B.togiveussomewaystohavethesameIQasAlbertEinstein
C.toexplainhowOscarbecomesacleverchild
D.totellusaboywiththesameIQasAlbertEinstein
B
Today,asineveryotherdayoftheyear,morethan3000U.S.adolescentswillsmoketheirfirstcigaretteontheirwaytobecomingregularsmokersasadults.Duringtheirlifetime,itcanbeexpectedthatofthese3,000about23willbemurdered,30willdieintrafficaccidents,andnearly750willbekilledbyasmoking-relateddisease.Thenumberofdeathsduetocigarettesmokingoutweighsallotherfactors,whethervoluntaryorinvoluntary,asacauseofdeath.
Sincethelate1970s,whendailysmokingamonghighschoolseniorsreached30percent,smokingratesamongyouthhavedeclined.Whilethedeclineisimpressive,severalimportantissuesmustberaised.
First,inthepastseveralyears,smokingratesamongyouthhavedeclinedverylittle.Second,inthelate1970s,smokingamongmalehighschoolseniorsbeatthatamongfemalebynearly10percent.Thestatisticisreversing(完全相反的).Third,severalrecentstudieshaveindicatedhighschooldropoutshaveexcessivelyhighsmokingrates,asmuchas75percent.
Finally,thoughsignificantdeclinesinadolescentsmokinghaveoccurredinthepastdecade,nodefinitereasonsforthedeclineexist.Withinthiscontext,theNationalCancerInstitute(NCI)beganitscurrentefforttodeterminethemosteffectivemeasurestoreducesmokinglevelamongyouth.
5.Accordingtotheauthor,thedeathsamongyoutharemainlycausedby__________.
A.trafficaccidentsB.murder
C.smoking-relateddiseaseD.allofthese
6.By“dropout”theauthormeans________.
A.studentswhofailedtheexamination
B.studentswhoweredrivenoutofschool
C.studentswholosttheirway
D.studentswholeftschool
7.Thereasonfordecliningadolescentsmokingisthat________.
A.NCIhastakeneffectivemeasures
B.smokingispreventedamonghighschoolseniors
C.therearemanysmokerswhohavediedofcancer
D.noneofthese
C
MywifeandI,recentlydrivingthroughArizona,stoppedata“collector’sshop”inTucson,wheremanykindsofstonesandmineralswereondisplay.Duringthevisit,weweretakenintoasmallroomwhereordinarylookingrockswerelaidoutonshelves.HadIseenthemonsomehillside,Iwouldnothavegiventhemasecondthought.Thenthemanclosedthedoorsothattheroomwasintotaldarknessandturnedonanultravioletlamp(紫外线灯).Instantly,therocksshowedakindofglory.Brilliantcolorsofanindescribablebeautyweretherebeforeoureyes:
certainpowerhadbeenswitchedon,andahiddenworldcametolife.
AsIlookatmyuniverseandwalkamongmyfellowhumans,Ihavethedeepbeliefthathiddenrealitiesareallaroundus:
thereinthephysicalworld,andtherealsointhehumanworld.
Ibelieve,then,thatmychiefjobinlifeistoswitchonextrapowersothatIcanseewhatmynakedeyes,ormynakedmind,cannotseenow.IbelievethatIhavetodothisparticularlywithmyhumanfellows.Myordinaryeyestendtostopshortatthoseenvelopeswecallhumanbodies.Butwehavelearnedthatbyturningoncertainpowerwecanseethroughtotheinsideoftheseenvelopes.
Wecallthisextrapower“imagination”.Atitshighest,wecallit“empathy”,thepowertoseethroughandtofeelthroughtotheinnerlifeofotherhumanbeings.Whenweturnonthislampofimaginativesensitivity,wemaketheordinaryhumanbeingsarounduscomeexcitinglyalive.
Whenweareawarethattherearegloriesoflifestillhiddenfromus,wewalkhumbly(谦逊地)beforetheGreatUnknown.Butwedomorethanthis:
wetrytoincreaseourpowerofseeingandfeelingsothatwecanturnwhatisstillunknownintowhatiswarmlyandunderstandablyknown.This,Ibelieve,isourgreathumanadventure.
8.Whydoesthewritermentiontheirvisittothecollector’sshop?
A.Tosharehisexperience.
B.Toexplainhispoint
C.Tointroducethetopic.
D.Toprovideevidence
9.Whichofthefollowingdoesthewriteragreewith?
A.Hesawtheveryrocksonsomehillsidebefore.
B.Hiddenrealitiesremaininthephysicalworld.
C.Ordinarymindscanneverreachother’sinside.
D.Weshouldstayhumblewhenwearestillunknown.
10.Itcanbereferredtoasagreathumanadventurethat___________.
A.wetryhardtodiscoverthehiddengloriesoflife
B.oureyesstopshortatordinaryhumanbeings
C.weareawareofthetruthofhiddenrealities
D.wewalkhumblybeforetheGreatUnknown
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
DoctorsSayMostHeartDiseaseisPreventable
Heartdiseaseisthenumberonekiller,worldwide,ofmenandwomenovertheageof60.Butpeopleofallagesdieofheartattackseachyear.AndwhiledeathrateshavedeclinedintheU.S.andmanywesternEuropeancountries,theyareontheriseinthedevelopingworld.___11____
NoonewouldhaveguessedthatBarbaraTengwouldhaveaheartattack.Shewasnotoverweight.Shedidnotsmokeorexercise.“In2004,theweekafterIturned49,whenIwasonabusinesstripinChicago,Ihadamajorheartattack,”shesaid.____12____Shenowexercisesdaily,andmonitorsherhearthealth.
Dr.PatriceNickens,whoiswiththeNationalHeart,LungandBloodInstitute,thinksthatheartdiseaseis82percentpreventable.“____13_____”shesaid,“Menarealsofacingthesameproblem,andthekeytostayinghealthyisknowingyournumbers.”
“Yourweight,yourbloodcholesterol,bloodsugarandyourbloodpressureareimportantnumbersthatcanhelpyoutakeactionandreduceyourrisk,”shesaid.
_____14______“Andthestepstotakearesimple:
don’tsmoke,maintainahealthyweight,exercise,knowyournumbersandtalktoyourphysicianandcontroltheserisks,”shesaid.
African-Americansareathigher-than-averageriskofheartdiseaseandstroke;peopledon’tevenknowtheyhaveit,whichincreasestherisk.MedstarWashingtonHospitalCenteristryingtoreachthispopulationtotrainthem._____15______Forexample,helpingthepeoplemonitortheirbloodpressure.Ifpeoplerealizetheyareatriskofheartdisease,they’llmakelifestylechanges:
loseweight,exercise,eattherightfoodsandkeepintouchwithadoctor.
A.Itistheleadingcauseofdeathforwomen.
B.Sowemustcureheartdisease.
C.Ahealthylifestylecanpreventheartdisease.
D.Andthatchangedherlife.
E.Yetmostheartdiseaseispreventable.
F.Lackofexercisecausesheartattacks.
G.Withtherighttraining,theycanplayanimportantroleincommunityhealth.
第二部分语言知识运用(共两节,满分45分)
第一节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)
阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从短文后16—35题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
ItwasacloudySaturdayafternoon.Agroupofbirdswerehavingagreattime___16___foodandplayingonthemainroad.Allofasudden,abigtruckspedthrough…A___17___thinghappened.Birdscould___18___,too.Althoughthisbirdhadalready___19___,anotherbirdflewovertoherimmediately,justlikeafamilymember,unabletoacceptthe___20___.
Notlongafterthat,anothercarpassedbyquickly,___21___thedeadbird’sbodytowhirl(旋转)withthewind.Themalebird___22___themovement.Asifshewasstillalive,he___23___flewbesideheragain.Hestaredatherasifhewasasking,“___24___areyounotgettingup?
”
___25___,shewasnolongerabletohearhim.Atthesametime,hewastryingtoliftherup.He,___26___,wasunabl