最全小学英语语法总结.docx
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最全小学英语语法总结
最全的小学英语语法总结
1.人称代词
主格:
Iweyousheheitthey
宾格:
meusyouherhimitthem
形容词性物主代词:
myouryourherhisitstheir
名词性物主代词:
mineoursyourshershisitstheirs
2.形容词和副词的比较级
(1)一般在形容词或副词后+er
oldertallerlongerstronger,etc
(2)多音节词前+more
moreinteresting,etc.
(3)双写最后一个字母,再+er
biggerfatter,etc.
(4)把y变i,再+er
heavier,earlier
(5)不规则变化:
well-better,much/many-more,etc.
3.可数词的复数形式
Mostnouns+sabook–books
Nounsendinginaconsonant+y-y+iesastory—stories
Nounsendingins,sh,chorx+esaglass—glassesawatch-watches
Nounsendingino+sor+esapiano—pianosamango—mangoes
Nounsendinginforfe-forfe+vesaknife–knivesashelf-shelves
4.不可数名词(单复数形式不变)
bread,rice,water,juiceetc.
5.缩略形式
I’m=Iamyou’re=youareshe’s=sheishe’s=heis
it’s=itiswho’s=whoiscan’t=cannotisn’t=isnotetc
一、缩略形式与完整形式
1、’s—is,has 2.’re—are 3.n’t—not 4.’d—would 5.’ll—will 6.’m—am
特例1.can’t—cannot2.let’s—letus
3.got前的’s是has
写出下列的完全形式
it’s he’s where’s Helen’s
what’s who’s don’t doesn’t
didn’t isn’t aren’t can’t
I’m I’ll I’d he’dlike
they’re
写出下列的缩略形式
sheis wasnot cannot youwould
donot havenot letus hewill
二、星期和月份一般取前三个字母可简写
Sunday—Sun.Monday—Mon.Tuesday—Tue.Wedesday—Wed.
Thursday—Thu.Friday—Fri.Saturday—Sat.
Janurary—Jan. February—Feb. March—Mar. April—Apr.
一月 二月 三月 四月
May June—Jun. July—Jul. August—Aug.
五月 六月 七月 八月
September-Sept.October—Oct. November—Nov.December—Dec.
九月 十月 十一月 十二月
三、名词所有格(只有有生命的东西才有,一般指人和动物)
1、一般在后面加’s 如teacher—teacher’s
2、以s结尾的加’ 如teachers—teachers’
节日里的运用,表示特殊群体的节日:
Children’sDay,Women’sDay
Teachers’Day
写出下列的名词所有格:
David hisbrother twin(双胞胎之一)
thedog Helen’ssister twins(指两个)
6.a/an
abook,apeach
anegganhour
7.Preposition:
on,in,infrontof,between,nextto,near,beside,at,behind.
表示时间:
atsixo’clock,atChristmas,atbreakfast
onMondayon15thJulyOnNationalDay
intheeveninginDecemberinwinter
8.基数词和序数词
one–firsttwo-secondtwenty-twentieth
9.Some/any
Ihavesometoysinmybedroom.
Doyouhaveanybrothersorsisters?
10.be动词
(1)Basicform:
am/are/is
(2)肯定和否定句Iam(not)fromLondon.
Myeyesare(not)small.
Myhairis(not)long.
(3)一般疑问句:
AmIaChniese?
Yes,youare.No,youaren’t.
AretheyAmerican?
Yes,theyare.No,theyaren’t.
Isthecatfat?
Yes,itis.No,itisn’t.
11.therebe结构
肯定句:
Thereisa…
Thereare…
一般疑问句:
Isthere…?
Yes,thereis./No,thereisn’t.
Arethere…?
Yes,thereare./No,therearen’t.
否定句:
Thereisn’t….Therearen’t….
12.祈使句
Sitdownplease
Don’tsitdown,please.
13.现在进行时.通常用“now”.
形式:
be+verb+ing
eg:
Iam(not)doingmyhomework.
You/We/Theyare(not)reading.
He/She/Itis(not)eating.
动词—ing的形式
Mostverbs+ingwalk—walking
Verbsendingine-e+ingcome—coming
Shortverbsendinginavowel+aconsonantrun–runningswim—swimming
14一般现在时。
通常用“usually,often,everyday,sometimes”。
形式:
肯定句:
Igotoschoolonfooteveryday.
Shegoestoschoolonfooteveryday.
一般疑问句:
Doyoujumphigh?
Yes,Ido./No,Idon’t.
Doeshejumphigh?
Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn’t.
否定句:
Wedon’tgotoschoolonSundays.
Mymotherdoesn’tlikewatchingTVintheevening.
15.(情态)动词can,must,should后面直接用动词原形。
eg:
1.I/He/She/Theycansing.
2.Youshouldkeepquietinthelibrary.
16.一般过去时态
(a)be动词的过去式:
I/He/she/itwas(not)….You/we/theywere….
一般疑问句was,were放在句首。
(b)动词过去式:
肯定句:
Iwatchedcartoons.
Shevisitedthezoo.
一般疑问句:
Didyoureadbooklastnight?
Yes,Idid.No,Ididn’t.
Didshecleanthedeskjustnow?
Yes,shedid.No,shedidn’t.
否定句:
Theydidn’tgothethepartyesterday.
Hedidn’tmakemodelshipslastweek.
(3)动词过去式的变化:
规则动词的变化:
Mostverbs+edeg.planted,watered,climbed。
Verbsendingine+degliked。
Verbsendinginaconsonant+y--y+iedeg:
study—studied
Shortverbsendinginavowel+aconsonanteg:
stop--stopped
不规则动词的变化:
is/am—was,are—were,do—did,have/has—had,make—made,fly-flew/u:
/
eat—ate,take—took,run—ran,sing—sang,drink—drank等等
17.“Wh-”questions.
Whatareyoudoing?
Whatcolourisit?
Whattimeisit?
What’sthetime?
Whichisyourwatch,theyellowoneorthewhiteone?
Who’sthemanwithabignose?
Whosebagisit?
Whenisyourbirthday?
Whereismyballpen?
Whydoyoulikesummer?
Howmanybooksarethereintheschoolbag?
Howoldistheyoungman?
Howmuchisthetoybear?
Howdoyougotoschooleveryday?
Whatareyoudoing?
Whatcolourisit?
Whattimeisit?
What’sthetime?
Whichisyourwatch,theyellowoneorthewhiteone?
Who’sthemanwithabignose?
Whosebagisit?
Whenisyourbirthday?
Whereismyballpen?
Why