职称英语理工类考试真题及试题答案.docx
《职称英语理工类考试真题及试题答案.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《职称英语理工类考试真题及试题答案.docx（15页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。
职称英语理工类考试真题及试题答案
2015年职称英语理工类考试真题及试题答案【完整版】
第二部分：
阅读判断
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：
如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.（第16—22题，每题1分，共7分）
ADHDLinkedtoAirPollutants
Childrenhaveanincreasedofattentionproblems,seenasearlyasgradeschool.Iftheirnosesinhaled（吸入）acertaintypeofairpollutionwhentheywerepregnant.That'sthefindingofanewstudy.Releasedwhenthingsaren'tburnedcompletely,thispollutionisknownaspolycyclicaromatichydrocarbons,orPAHs.ThebiggestsourcesofthesePAHs：
theburningoffossilfuels,woodandtrash.
FredericaPereraworksatColumbiaUniversity'sMailmanSchoolofPublicHealthisNewYorkCity.Sheresearcheshowexposuretothingsintheenvironmentaffectschildren'shealthinanewstudy,sheandherteamstudiedtheexposuretoairpollutionof233nonsmokingpregnantwomeninNewYorkCity.Becauseburningtobaccocanspew（排放）PAHsintotheairandlungs,Perera'steamfocusedonnonsmokers.Theresearcherswantedtoprobe（探查）othersourcesofPAHs,onesthat'swouldhavebeenhardforanindividualtoavoid.
Theteamstartedbytestingthebloodofeachwomanduringpregnancy.ThereasonAnyPAHsinawoman'sbloodwouldalsobeavailabletothebabyinherwomb.Nineyearslater,theresearchersinvestigatedsignsofattentionproblemsinthosechildren,nowage9.Theyaskedeachchild'smotheraseriesofquestions.Theseincludedwhateverherchildhadproblemsdoingthingsthatneededsustained（长期的）mentaleffort,suchashomeworkorgameswithfriends.Thescientistsalsoaskedifthekidshadtroublefollowinginstructionsormadefrequent,carelessmistakes.AllofthesecanbesymptomsofadisordercalledAttentionDeficitHyperactivityDisorder,orADHD.AboutoneinU.S.childrenhasADHD.
Amongthewomenstudied,trafficandhomeheatingweretheprimarysourcesofairpollutionexposure,Pereraandherteamsuspect.SomeofthesewomenhadlowlevelsofPAHsintheirblood.Ohtershadhighlevels.Thosewithhighlevelswerefivetimesaslikelytohavechildrenwhoshowedattentionproblemsbyage9.ThenewfindingswerepublishedNovember5inthejournalPLOSONE.
16.PereraandherteamchosenonsmokingpregnantwomenalloverAmerica.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
参考答案：
B
17.ThemainpurposeoftheresearchwastofindouthowexposuretoPAHsplayedaroleinharmingthesubjects'physicalhealth.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
参考答案：
B
18.NonsmokingmotherswereselectedbecausetheeffectofsmokingonPAHswasunclear.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
参考答案：
B
19.Thebloodofeachwomanwastestedonceamonthduringpregnancy.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
参考答案：
C
20.KidswithADHDcommonlyfailinschool.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
参考答案：
C
21.ThewomenwithhighlevelsofPAHsintheirbloodweremorelikelytohavekidswithADHD.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
参考答案：
A
22.TrafficandhomeheatingwereconsideredtobethebiggestsourcesofPAHsforthesubjectsintheresearch.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
参考答案：
A
第三部分：
概括大意与完成句子
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：
（1）第23—26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个标题;
（2）第27—30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。
（第23—30题，每题1分，共8分）
FirstImage-recognitionssoftware
1）DartmouthresearchersandtheircolleagueshavecreatedanartificialintelligencesoftwarethatusesphotostolocatedocumentsontheInternetwithfargreateraccuracythaneverbefore.
2）Thenewsystem,witchwastestedonphotosandisnowbeingappliedtovideos,showsforthefirsttimethatamachinelearningalgorithm（运算法则）forimagerecognitionandretrievalisaccurateandefficientienoughtoimprovelarge-scaledocumentsearchesonline.Thesystemusespixel（像素）datainimagesandpotentiallyvideo—ratherthanjusttext—tolocatedocuments.Itlearnstorecognizethepixelsassociatedwithasearchphrasebystudyingtheresultsfromtext-basedimagesearchengines.Theknowledgegleaned（收集）fromthoseresultscanthenbeappliedtootherphotoswithouttagsorcaptions（图片说明），makingformoreaccuratedocumentsearchresults.
3）"Overthelast30years,"saysAssociateProfessorKorenzoTorresani,aco-authorofthestudy,"thewebhasevolvedfromasmallcollectionofmostlytextdocumentstoamodern,massive,fast-growingmultimediadatastet,wherenearlyeverypageincludesmultiplepicturesofvideos.WhenapersonlooksataWebpage,heimmediatelygetthegist（主旨）ofitbylookingatthepicturesinit.Yet,sruprisingly,allexistingpopularsearchengine,suchasGoogleorBing,stripawaytheinformationcontainedinthephotosanduseexclusivelythetextofWedpagestoperformthedocumentretrieval.Ourstudyisthefirsttoshowthatmodernmachinevisionsystemsareaccurateandefficientenoughtomakeeffectiveuseoftheinformationcontainedinimagepixelstoimprovedocumentsearch"
4）Theresearchersdesignedandtestedamachinevisionsystem—atypeofartificialintelligencethatallowscomputerstolearnwithoutbeingexplicitlyprogrammed—thatextractssemantic（语义的）informationfrompixelsofphotosinWebpages.ThisinformationgisusedtoenrichthedescriptionoftheHTMLpageusedbysearchenginesfordocumentretrieval.Theresearcherstestedtheirapproachusingmorethan600searchqueries（查询）onadatabaseof50millionWedpages.Theyselectedthetext-retrievalsearchenginewiththebestperformanceandmodifiedittomakeuseoftheadditionalsemanticinformationextractedbytheirmethodfromthepicturesoftheWebpages.Theyfoundthtthisproduceda30percentimprovementinprecisionovertheoriginalsearchenginepurelybasedontext.
23.Paragraph1_____
A.Popularityofthenewsystem
B.Publicationofthenewdiscovery
C.Functionofthenewsystem
D.Artificialintelligencesoftwarecreated
E.Problemsoftheexistingsearchengines
F.Improvementiindocumentretrieval
参考答案：
D
24.Paragraph2_____
A.Popularityofthenewsystem
B.Publicationofthenewdiscovery
C.Functionofthenewsystem
D.Artificialintelligencesoftwarecreated
E.Problemsoftheexistingsearchengines
F.Improvementiindocumentretrieval
参考答案：
C
25.Paragraph3_____
A.Popularityofthenewsystem
B.Publicationofthenewdiscovery
C.Functionofthenewsystem
D.Artificialintelligencesoftwarecreated
E.Problemsoftheexistingsearchengines
F.Improvementiindocumentretrieval
参考答案：
E
26.Paragraph4_____
A.Popularityofthenewsystem
B.Publicationofthenewdiscovery
C.Functionofthenewsystem
D.Artificialintelligencesoftwarecreated
E.Problemsoftheexistingsearchengines
F.Improvementiindocumentretrieval
参考答案：
F
27.Thenewsystemdoesdocumentretrievalby_____.
A.informationinimages
B.currentpopularsearchengines
C.usingphotos
D.machinevisionsystems
E.documentsearch
F.descriptionoftheHTMLpage
参考答案：
C
28.Thenewsystemisexpectedtoimproveprecisionin_____.
A.informationinimages
B.currentpopularsearchengines
C.usingphotos
D.machinevisionsystems
E.documentsearch
F.descriptionoftheHTMLpage
参考答案：
E
29.Whenperformingdocumentretrievaltheexistingsearchenginesignore_____.
A.informationinimages
B.currentpopularsearchengines
C.usingphotos
D.machinevisionsystems
E.documentsearch
F.descriptionoftheHTMLpage
参考答案：
A
30.Thenewsystemwasfoundmoreeffectiveindocumentsearchthanthe_____.
A.informationinimages
B.currentpopularsearchengines
C.usingphotos
D.machinevisionsystems
E.documentsearch
F.descriptionoftheHTMLpage
参考答案：
B
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。
请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
（第31—45题，每题3分，共45分）
第一篇：
WhyBuyShade-GrownCoffee?
Whenpeopleargueaboutwhethercoffeeisgoodforhealth,they'reusuallythinkingofthehealthofthecoffeedrinker.Isitfoodforyourheart?
Doesitincreasebloodpressure?
Doesithelpyouconcentrate?
However,coffeeaffectsthehealthofthehumanpopulationinotherways,too.
Traditionally,coffeebusheswereplantedunderthecanopy（树冠）oftallerindigenous（土生土长的）trees.However,moreandmorefarmersinLatinAmericaaredeforestingthelandtogrowfull-suncoffees.Atfirst,thisincreasesproductionbecausemorecoffeebushescanbeplantediftherearen'tanytrees.Withincreasedproductioncomeincreasedprofits.
Unfortunately,deforestingforcoffeeproductionimmediatelydecreaseslocal-wildlifehabitat.Nativebirdsnestandhidefrompredators（捕食者）inthetalltreesandmigratingbirdsrestthere.
Furthermore,inthelongterm,thefull-sunmethodalsodamagestheecosystembecausemorechemicalfertilizersandpesticidesareneededtogrowthecoffee.Thefertilizersandpesticideskillinsectsthateatcoffeeplant,butthenthebirdseatthepoisonedinsectsandalsodie.Thechemicalskillorsickenotheranimalsaswell,andcanevenenterthewaterthatpeoplewilleventuallydrink.
Fortunately,farmersinCentralandSouthAmericaarebeginningtogrowmorecoffeebushesintheshade.Wecansupportthesefarmersbybuyingcoffeewithsuchlabelsas"shadegrown"and"birdfriendly."Sure,thesevarietiesmightcostalittlemore.Butwe'repayingforthehealthofthebirds,theland,ourselves,andtheplanet.Ithinkit'sworthit.
31.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?
A.Farmersarechangingthewaytheygrowcoffee.
B.Coffeeisbecomingmoreexpensivetoproduce.
C.Shade-growcoffeeismoreexpensivethansun-growcoffee.
D.Peopleshouldbuyshade-growncoffee.
参考答案：
A
32.Thefunctionoftheword"Traditionally"inParagraph2istoshow_____.
A.thepositiveeffectsofcoffee.
B.achangeofcoffeegrowth.
C.somethingthatisthemostimportant.
D.howcoffeeproductionusedtobe.
参考答案：
B
33.Wh
升级会员 