职称英语理工类考试真题及试题答案.docx

1、职称英语理工类考试真题及试题答案2015年职称英语理工类考试真题及试题答案【完整版】第二部分：阅读判断下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.(第1622题，每题1分，共7分)ADHD Linked to Air PollutantsChildren have an increased of attention problems,seen as early as grade school.If their noses inhaled(吸入)a certain t

2、ype of air pollution when they were pregnant.Thats the finding of a new study.Released when things arent burned completely,this pollution is known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,or PAHs.The biggest sources of these PAHs： the burning of fossil fuels,wood and trash.Frederica Perera works at Colum

3、bia Universitys Mailman School of Public Health is New York City.She researches how exposure to things in the environment affects childrens health in a new study,she and her team studied the exposure to air pollution of 233 nonsmoking pregnant women in New York City.Because burning tobacco can spew(

4、排放)PAHs into the air and lungs,Pereras team focused on nonsmokers.The researchers wanted to probe(探查)other sources of PAHs,ones thats would have been hard for an individual to avoid.The team started by testing the blood of each woman during pregnancy.The reason Any PAHs in a womans blood would also

5、be available to the baby in her womb.Nine years later,the researchers investigated signs of attention problems in those children,now age 9.They asked each childs mother a series of questions.These included whatever her child had problems doing things that needed sustained(长期的)mental effort,such as h

6、omework or games with friends.The scientists also asked if the kids had trouble following instructions or made frequent,careless mistakes.All of these can be symptoms of a disorder called Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder,or ADHD.About one in U.S.children has ADHD.Among the women studied,traf

7、fic and home heating were the primary sources of air pollution exposure,Perera and her team suspect.Some of these women had low levels of PAHs in their blood.Ohters had high levels.Those with high levels were five times as likely to have children who showed attention problems by age 9.The new findin

8、gs were published November 5 in the journal PLOS ONE.16.Perera and her team chose nonsmoking pregnant women all over America.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned参考答案：B17.The main purpose of the research was to find out how exposure to PAHs played a role in harming the subjectsphysical health.A.RightB.Wrong

9、C.Not mentioned参考答案：B18.Nonsmoking mothers were selected because the effect of smoking on PAHs was unclear.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned参考答案：B19.The blood of each woman was tested once a month during pregnancy.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned参考答案：C20.Kids with ADHD commonly fail in school.A.RightB.Wron

10、gC.Not mentioned参考答案：C21.The women with high levels of PAHs in their blood were more likely to have kids with ADHD.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned参考答案：A22.Traffic and home heating were considered to be the biggest sources of PAHs for the subjects in the research.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned参考答案：A第三部分

11、：概括大意与完成句子下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个标题;(2)第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。(第2330题，每题1分，共8分)First Image-recognitions software1)Dartmouth researchers and their colleagues have created an artificial intelligence software that uses photos to locate documents on the Internet with far gr

12、eater accuracy than ever before.2)The new system,witch was tested on photos and is now being applied to videos,shows for the first time that a machine learning algorithm(运算法则)for image recognition and retrieval is accurate and efficienti enough to improve large-scale document searches online.The sys

13、tem uses pixel(像素)data in images and potentially videorather than just textto locate documents.It learns to recognize the pixels associatedwith a search phrase by studying the results from text-based image search engines.The knowledge gleaned(收集)from those results can then be applied to other photos

14、 without tags or captions(图片说明)，making for more accurate document search results.3)Over the last 30 years,says Associate Professor Korenzo Torresani,a co-author of the study,the web has evolved from a small collection of mostly text documents to a modern,massive,fast-growing multimedia datastet,wher

15、e nearly every page includes multiple pictures of videos.When a person looks at a Web page,he immediately get the gist(主旨)of it by looking at the pictures in it.Yet,sruprisingly,all existing popular search engine,such as Google or Bing,strip away the information contained in the photos and use exclu

16、sively the text of Wed pages to perform the document retrieval.Our study is the first to show that modern machine vision systems are accurate and efficient enough to make effective use of the information contained in image pixels to improve document search4)The researchers designed and tested a mach

17、ine vision systema type of artificialintelligence that allows computers to learn without being explicitly programmedthat extracts semantic(语义的)information from pixels of photos in Web pages.This informationg is used to enrich the description of the HTML page used by search engines for document retri

18、eval.The researchers tested their approach using more than 600 search queries(查询)on a database of 50 million Wed pages.They selected the text-retrieval search engine with the best performance and modified it to make use of the additional semantic information extracted by their method from the pictur

19、es of the Web pages.They found tht this produced a 30 percent improvement in precision over the original search engine purely based on text.23.Paragraph 1 _A.Popularity of the new systemB.Publication of the new discoveryC.Function of the new systemD.Artificial intelligence software createdE.Problems

20、 of the existing search enginesF.Improvementi in document retrieval参考答案：D24.Paragraph 2 _A.Popularity of the new systemB.Publication of the new discoveryC.Function of the new systemD.Artificial intelligence software createdE.Problems of the existing search enginesF.Improvementi in document retrieval

21、参考答案：C25.Paragraph 3 _A.Popularity of the new systemB.Publication of the new discoveryC.Function of the new systemD.Artificial intelligence software createdE.Problems of the existing search enginesF.Improvementi in document retrieval参考答案：E26.Paragraph 4 _A.Popularity of the new systemB.Publication o

22、f the new discoveryC.Function of the new systemD.Artificial intelligence software createdE.Problems of the existing search enginesF.Improvementi in document retrieval参考答案：F27.The new system does document retrieval by _.A.information in imagesB.current popular search enginesC.using photosD.machine vi

23、sion systemsE.document searchF.description of the HTML page参考答案：C28.The new system is expected to improve precision in _.A.information in imagesB.current popular search enginesC.using photosD.machine vision systemsE.document searchF.description of the HTML page参考答案：E29.When performing document retri

24、eval the existing search engines ignore _.A.information in imagesB.current popular search enginesC.using photosD.machine vision systemsE.document searchF.description of the HTML page参考答案：A30.The new system was found more effective in document search than the _.A.information in imagesB.current popula

25、r search enginesC.using photosD.machine vision systemsE.document searchF.description of the HTML page参考答案：B下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。(第3145题，每题3分，共45分)第一篇：Why Buy Shade-Grown Coffee?When people argue about whether coffee is good for health,theyre usually thinking of the health of the cof

26、fee drinker.Is it food for your heart? Does it increase blood pressure? Does it help you concentrate? However,coffee affects the health of the human population in other ways,too. Traditionally,coffee bushes were planted under the canopy(树冠)of taller indigenous(土生土长的)trees.However,more and more farme

27、rs in Latin America are deforesting the land to grow full-sun coffees.At first,this increases production because more coffee bushes can be planted if there arent any trees.With increased production come increased profits.Unfortunately,deforesting for coffee production immediately decreases local-wil

28、dlife habitat.Native birds nest and hide from predators(捕食者)in the tall trees and migrating birds rest there.Furthermore,in the long term,the full-sun method also damages the ecosystem because more chemical fertilizers and pesticides are needed to grow the coffee.The fertilizers and pesticides kill

29、insects that eat coffee plant,but then the birds eat the poisoned insects and also die.The chemicals kill or sicken other animals as well,and can even enter the water that people will eventually drink.Fortunately,farmers in Central and South America are beginning to grow more coffee bushes in the sh

30、ade.We can support these farmers by buying coffee with such labels as shade grownand bird friendly.Sure,these varieties might cost a little more.But were paying for the health of the birds,the land,ourselves,and the planet.I think its worth it.31.What is the main idea of this passage?A.Farmers are c

31、hanging the way they grow coffee.B.Coffee is becoming more expensive to produce.C.Shade-grow coffee is more expensive than sun-grow coffee.D.People should buy shade-grown coffee.参考答案：A32.The function of the word Traditionallyin Paragraph 2 is to show_.A.the positive effects of coffee.B.a change of coffee growth.C.something that is the most important.D.how coffee production used to be.参考答案：B33.Wh