北京大学英文翻译练习.docx

北京大学英文翻译练习.docx

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北京大学英文翻译练习

Linkinglandscapeandhealth:

Therecurringtheme

CatharineWardThompson,a, 

 aOPENspaceResearchCentre,EdinburghCollegeofArt,LauristonPlace,EdinburghEH39DF,UK

Received19April2010; revised23September2010; accepted8October2010. Availableonline10December2010.

Abstract

Thispapertracesevidenceoftheinfluenceofthelandscapeonpeople'shealth,fromancienttimestothepresentday,notinghowaccesstonatureandattractivegreenspaceshasbeenarecurringthemeindescriptionsoftherapeuticenvironmentsandassociatedhealthylifestyles.ItdescribeshowthethemeofhealthinthepicturesquedebatesofeighteenthcenturyEngland（includingsuchconceptsas‘activecuriosity’）wastakenupanddevelopedinargumentsforthenineteenthcenturyurbanparkmovementinEnglandandNorthAmerica.Recenttheoriesonthemechanismsbehindhealthbenefitsofnatureandaccesstolandscapearecomparedwithclaimsmadeinthenineteenthcenturyandearlier.Theimportanceofaccesstothelandscapeappearstobeasrelevantaseverinthecontextofmodernurbanlifestylesbuttheneedforbetterevidenceandunderstandingremains.

 Researchhighlights

Cultureshaverecognisedthesalutogenicvalueoflandscapesthroughouthistory ThepicturesquedebatesofeighteenthcenturyEnglandincludedtherapeuticeffects Healthwasakeythemeinthenineteenthcenturyurbanparkmovement Modernpsychologyhasconfirmedearlierideasonmentalengagementwithlandscape Researchisstillneededoncausalmechanismsbetweenlandscapeandhealth.

Kewords:

History;Healthandwellbeing;Landscape;Nature;Greenspace

 CommunityvaluesandattitudestowardslanduseontheGnangaraGroundwaterSystem:

ASenseofPlacestudyinPerth,WesternAustralia

SoradaTapsuwan,a,,ZoeLevistonaandDavidTuckera

 aCSIROEcosystemSciences,PrivateBag5,Wembley,WA6913,Australia

 Received4March2010; revised1September2010; accepted27September2010. Availableonline8December2010.

 Abstract

ClimatechangeisexacerbatinganeverincreasingdemandonPerth'straditionalwatersources.OneofthesewatersourcesistheGnangaraGroundwaterSystem（GGS）.LandusesabovetheGroundwaterSystemdirectlyaffectswaterinfiltrationandsubsequentaquiferrechargeand,assuch,needtobecarefullyconsideredtoensurefuturewatersupplysecurityforPerth.Communityacceptancehasbeendemonstratedtobeanintegralcomponentofeffectivelanduseplanning.ThepsychologicalconceptofSenseofPlace（incorporatingthenotionsofidentity,attachmentanddependence）canbeusedtopredictintentiontoacceptorrejectlanduseplanningdecisions.ResultsfromaSenseofPlacestudyindicatedthatthreedistinctconstructsemerge,whicharethecognitive,emotionalandbehaviouralbondswithplacesontheGGS.SenseofPlaceisnotlimitedtoonlypeoplewholiveintheGGSareabuttoallPerthpeople.FindingsfromthisstudydefythetraditionalassumptionthatSenseofPlaceisdependanttosomeextentonproximitytothelocation.Thepolicyimplicationisthatsocialboundariescanextendbeyondgeographicalormanagementboundariesofaplace.

Researchhighlights

AppliestripartiteSenseofPlacetomultiplelanduseandgroundwatermanagement. ResultsfromSEMconfirmthesignificanceofthetripartiteSenseofPlacemodel. Placeidentity,attachmentanddependencearecorrelatedbutdistinctlydifferent. Placeidentity,attachmentanddependenceextendbeyondmanagementboundaries.

 Keywords:

Structuralequationmodelling;Multivariateanalysis;Internetsurvey;Australia

 Aframeworkfordevelopingurbanforestecosystemservicesandgoodsindicators

CynnamonDobbsa,,,FranciscoJ.Escobedoa, andWayneC.Zippererb,

aSchoolofForestResourcesandConservation,UniversityofFlorida,361Newins-ZieglerHall,POBox110410,Gainesville,FL,USA

 bSouthernResearchStation,USDAForestService,Bldg164MowryRd.,POBOX110806,Gainesville,FL32611,USA

Received21June2010; revised25October2010; accepted4November2010. Availableonline8December2010.

 Abstract

Thesocialandecologicalprocessesimpactingonurbanforestshavebeenstudiedatmultipletemporalandspatialscalesinordertohelpusquantify,monitor,andvaluetheecosystemservicesthatbenefitpeople.Fewstudieshavecomprehensivelyanalyzedthefullsuiteofecosystemservices,goods（ESG）,andecosystemdisservicesprovidedbyanurbanforest.Indicators,however,areoneapproachthatcouldbeusedtobetterunderstandthestructureofanurbanforest,thesuiteofESGprovidedbyurbanforests,andtheirinfluenceonhumanwell-beingusingasimple,innovativeandrepeatablemetric.Thisstudypresentsaframeworkfordevelopingindicatorsusingfielddata,anurbanforestfunctionalmodel,andtheliterature.UrbantreeandsoilindicatorsforgroupsofecosystemfunctionswereusedtostatisticallyanalyzetheeffectsofurbanmorphologyandsocioeconomicsonurbanforestESG.FindingsshowthatthemostinfluentialESGindicatorsweretreecover,soilpH,andsoilorganicmatter.Indicatorsweresignificantlyinfluencedbylanduseandtimesinceurbanization,whileanalysesofpropertyvaluesandhouseholdincomedidnotyieldanyparticularlysignificantresults.Theindicatorspresentedinthispaperpresentafirstapproachtonon-monetaryvaluationofurbanforestESGandcanbeusedtodevelopurbanforeststructuremanagementgoalsandtomonitortheeffectsofurbangreeningpoliciesonhumanwell-being.

Researchhighlights

Urbanforestecosystemservicesandgoodsaredependentontreecover. Indicatorsforecosystemservicesandgoodsareinfluencebylanduseandtimesinceurbanization. Indicatorspresentedinthisstudyarethefirstapproachforanon-monetaryvaluationofurbanforestecosystemservicesandgoods. Indicatorscanbeusedasatoolforevaluationofpoliciesormanagementregimes.

Keywords:

Urbanecosystem;Urbansoils;Ecosystemservices;Disservices;Florida

Habitatassociationsandsurveyeffortforshrublandbirdsinanurbanpinebarrenspreserve

JasonT.Brieda,,,KateE.Langwigb,1,,AmielleA.Dewanc, andNeilA.Gifforda,

aAlbanyPineBushPreserveCommission,195NewKarnerRoad,Albany,NY12205,USA

bNewYorkStateDepartmentofEnvironmentalConservation,625Broadway,5thFloor,Albany,NY12233,USA

cDefendersofWildlife,113017thStreetNW,Washington,DC20036,USA

Received14May2010; revised24September2010; accepted8October2010. Availableonline8December2010.

Abstract

InlandpinebarrensoffertheraresttypeofshrublandhabitatinthenortheasternUnitedStatesandmaycontributedisproportionatelytotheregionaldiversityandconservationofshrublandbirds.Testinglocalhabitatspecializationandestimatingsurveyeffortisneededtoinformmanagementofpinebarrensforthisrapidlydecliningaviangroup.WeevaluatedshrublandbirdhabitatassociationsinaheavilyurbanizedpinebarrensofthenortheasternUnitedStates,andusedoccupancy-detectionsamplingandanalysistoestimatethenumberofsamplepointsandsurveysforpoint-basedmonitoringofshrublandbirdsinpinebarrens.Althoughforestareawassignificantlygreaterthanshrublandarea,8of11reliablymodeledspeciesshowedevidenceofassociationforshrubland,andarethuspotentiallyusefulasindicatorsofpinebarrensshrublandqualityandmanagementtoavertsuccession.Fromtheanalysisofsurveyeffort,wesuggesttwodesignoptionsforpoint-basedmonitoringofshrublandbirdsinpinebarrens:

（1）includeenoughpointstocoveratleast3%ofthestudyareaandsurveyeachpoint≥5timespreferablyduring05:

00–08:

00hr,or

（2）reducethepointsample,tonolessthanabout2%ofstudyarea,andincreasethesurveyreplicationto≥10surveys.Threesurveys,assuggestedbyshrublandbirdexpertsforanthropogenicearly-successionalhabitats（e.g.,utilitycorridors）andbyothersasageneralrule,mayrequiretoomanysamplepointstofeasiblymonitorshrublandbirdsinpinebarrens.

Researchhighlights

Abouttwo-thirdsofshrublandbirdspeciesanalyzedshowedevidenceofshrublandassociationinahighlyalteredpinebarrenslandscape. Correctingfordetectionprobabilitymodifiedbutdidnotdrasticallychangethemainconclusionsofadetection-naïveanalysis. Werecommendaminimumoffivesurveys,notthreeaswidelysuggested,forshrublandbirdpointcountsinpinebarrens. Thesampleofpointcountstationsshouldcoveratleast3%ofthestudyarea.

Keywords:

Urbanecosystem;Occupancy;Detectionprobability;Habitatmanagement;Samplingdesign;Indicator

DriversoflandabandonmentinSouthernChileandimplicationsforlandscapeplanning

G.IgnacioDíaza,b,,LauraNahuelhuala,c,,,CristianEcheverríad, andSandraMaríne,

aInstitutodeEconomíaAgraria,UniversidadAustraldeChile,Casilla#567,Valdivia,Chile

bEscueladeGraduados,FacultaddeCienciasAgrarias,UniversidadAustraldeChile,Casilla#567,Valdivia,Chile

cFundaciónCentrodelosBosquesNativos,FORECOS,Casilla#567,Valdivia,Chile

dDepartamentodeBosquesyManejoAmbiental,UniversidaddeConcepción,Casilla#160-C,Concepción,Chile

eInstitutodeAcuicultura,CampusPuertoMontt,UniversidadAustraldeChile,Casilla#1327,PuertoMontt,Chile

Received14May2010; revised28October2010; accepted5November2010. Availableonline10December2010.

Abstract

Inrecentdecades,landabandonmenthasbecomeoneofthemostimportanttrendsinlanduseandcoverchange.ThisstudyidentifiesdriversoflandabandonmentinSouthernChilethroughaspatiallyexplicitstatisticalmodel,basedonaneconomictheoreticalframework.Alo