高中英语 Unit1 School life语法 定语从句讲练1牛津译林版必修1.docx
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高中英语Unit1Schoollife语法定语从句讲练1牛津译林版必修1
2019-2020年高中英语Unit1Schoollife语法定语从句讲练
（1）牛津译林版必修1
一、基本概念
（一）定语从句
在复合句中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
（二）先行词
被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
一般情况下，定语从句紧跟先行词。
但也有因各种原因定语从句与先行词被分割的现象。
（三）关系代词和关系副词
定语从句的引导词。
与先行词关系密切，因此紧跟先行词，并在定语从句中充当一个成分。
关系代词有：
who,whom,which,that和whose,另外，as也可充当关系代词。
关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。
关系副词有：
when,where和why。
在定语从句中充当状语。
二、关系代词的用法
（一）基本用法
根据先行词的不同，和在从句中所充当的成分不同，选用不同的关系代词。
如下表：
关系词
先行词
从句成分
例句
备注
关系代词
who
人
主语，宾语
Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?
whom,which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that
whom
人
宾语
Mr.SmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworking
Theboy（whom）sheloveddiedinthewar.
whose
人，物
定语
Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.
Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismyclassmate.
that
人，物
主语，宾语
Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.
Sheisthepopstar（that）Iwanttoseeverymuch.
which
物
主语，宾语
Thebook（which）Igaveyouwasworth$10.
Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.
as
人，物
主语，宾语
Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.
ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.
as做宾语一般不省略
例如：
（注意关系代词在定语从句中所充当的成分）
①Doyouknowtheprofessorwho/thatwillgiveusaspeechnextweek?
（作主语）
②Ireadareportabouthisnewnovelthat/whichwillsoonbepublished.（作主语）
③Theplanthat/whichtheyarguedaboutwassettledatlast.（作宾语）
④Thisisthenewsecretary（who/whom/that）Iwouldliketointroducetoyou.（作宾语）
⑤Thesoldierwhoselegswerebadlywoundedwasoperatedonwithoutdelay.（作定语）
注意：
关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时可以省略，充当主语时则不能。
（见上例③④）
（二）关系代词that代替which的一些情况
which,that在代替物时，一般可以通用。
但在有些情况下，只用that。
1先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词修饰时。
例如：
①Thisisthebestthathasbeenusedagainstpollution.
②Englishisthemostdifficultsubjectthatyouwilllearnduringtheseyears.
⑵先行词是序数词，或它前面有一个序数词时。
例如：
①Thisisthelastplace（that）Iwanttovisit.
②ItisthefirstAmericanmovieofthiskindthatI’veeverseen.
⑶先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none等代词时。
例如：
①Youshouldhandinallthatyouhave.
②Wehaven’tgotmuchthatwecanofferyou.
⑷先行词前面有theonly,thevery,any,few,little,no,all,much,every等修饰时。
例如：
①Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomemoney.
②Thelittlemoney（that）hehadwasstolen.
（三）宜用who,而不用that的一些情况
⑴先行词是one,ones,anyone时。
例如：
①Onewhohasnothingtofearforoneselfdarestotellthetruth.
②Don’ttellanyoneaboutthenewswhooughtn’ttoknowit.
⑵先行词是those时。
例如：
①Thosewhowerenotfitfortheirworkcouldnotseethebeautifulclothesmadeofthemagiccloth.
（四）其它情况
⑴先行词既有人又有物时。
例如：
①Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?
②Thebikeanditsriderthathadrunoveranoldmanweretakentothepolicestation.
⑵主句已有疑问词who或which时。
例如：
①Whichisthebikethatyoulost?
②Whoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting?
（五）与whose有关的问题
⑴whose是代词的所有格，它既可以代人也可以代物。
例如：
①Isawawomanwhosebagwasstolen.
②Pleaseshowmethebookwhosecoverisred.
⑵当whose表示物与物的所有格关系时，亦可用ofwhich的形式。
例如：
①Thebuildingwhoseroofyoucanseefromhereisanewrestaurant.
→Thebuilding,theroofofwhichyoucanseefromhere,isanewrestaurant.或
→Thebuilding,ofwhichtheroofyoucanseefromhereisanewrestaurant.
三、介词前提的问题
关系代词在定语从句中充当介词宾语时，介词可以前提至关系代词前。
例如：
Haveyouseenthepen（which）Iwrotethenotewithjustnow?
（which作介词with的宾语）
→HaveyouseenthepenwithwhichIwrotethenotejustnow?
但是，要注意的是：
⑴介词前提后，先行词是人或物，关系代词分别只能用whom和which，而不再用that或who。
⑵介词前提后，关系代词不再能省略。
⑶有些含有介词的短语动词中的介词不能前提，如：
lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。
例如：
1错误：
Whoistheoldmantothatyouweretalkingto?
正确：
Whoistheoldmantowhomyouweretalking?
或Whoistheoldman（that/whom）youweretalkingto?
2错误：
Thesearethesheepofwhichtheboytookcare.
正确：
Thesearethesheep（which/that）theboytookcareof.
四、关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句中的主谓一致
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词在人称和数上应与先行词一致。
例如：
1Whoistheguythatisreadingoverthere?
2Thenumberofpeoplethataregoingtotheexhibitionisexpectedtobeover25,000.
3Allthatneedstobedonehasbeendone.
4Heisoneofthestudentswhouseputeralotforstudy.
5Timmyistheonlyoneofthepupilsthathasfailedtheexam.
例③中的all意为“一切”，作单数。
例⑤中没通过考试的学生事实上只有一人，因此谓语动词也用单数。
that与which,who,whom的用法区别：
情况
用法说明
例句
只用that的情况
1．先行词为all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,等不定代词时。
2．先行词被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修饰时
3．先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时
4．先行词既指人又指物时
5．先行词被theonly,thevery修饰时
6．句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时
1.Hetoldmeeverythingthatheknows.
2.Allthebooksthatyouofferedhavebeengivenout.
3.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverread.
4.Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremembered.
5.HeistheonlymanthatIwanttosee.
6.Whoisthemanthatismakingaspeech?
只用which,who,whom的情况
1．在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人
2．在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。
3．先行词本身是that时，关系词用which,先行词为those,one,he时多用who。
1.Hehasason,whohasgoneabroadforfurtherstudy.
2.Ilikethepersontowhomtheteacheristalking.
3.Thosewhorespectothersareusuallyrespectedbyothers.
二、语法知识拓展
（一）选择适当的关系代词that,which,who,whom或whose，把下列句子补充完整。
1.Riceisaplant________isgrowninthesouth.
2.Those________wanttogopleasesigntheirnameshere.
3.All________glittersisnotgold.
4.Thisistheonlywayleadstoyoursuccess.
5.Boththegirlandherdogwerecrossingthestreetwerehitbyaingcar.
6.Thisisthebiggestbuilding________wehaveeverbuiltinourschool.
7.Thisisthesecondschool________Iusedtoworkat,andmanystudentstherestillhavecontactwithme.
8.Thereisamountain________topisalwayscoveredwithsnow.
9.Youcantakeanyseat________isfree.
10.Couldyoutellmefrom_________youborrowedthisbook?
（二）用定语从句合并下列句子
1.Theladyisafilmstar.
Youtookaphotooftheladyyesterday.
___________________________________________________________________
2.What’stheaddressofthefactory?
Wenoticedtheadvertisementofthefactorytheotherday.
___________________________________________________________________
3.Thisisthestadium
HeoftengoestothestadiumonSundays.
_____________________________________________________________________
4.AprofessorisgoingtogiveusaspeechthisFridayafternoon.
Hehasbeenworkingonenvironmentalprotection.
_____________________________________________________________________
5.Hehasn’tgotenoughmoney.
Hecanbuyalaptopwiththemoney.
_____________________________________________________________________
（三）单项填空
1.Whoisthewomanissweepingtheflooroverthere?
A.whoB./C.thatD.when
2.ThedoctorisleavingforAfricanextmonth.
A.thenurseistalkingtohimB.whomthenurseistalking
C.thenurseistalkingtoD.whothenurseistalking
3.Hetalkedaboutaheronoonehadeverheard.
A.ofwhomB.fromwhomC.aboutthatD.who
4.HaveyoureadthebookIlenttoyou?
A.thatB.whomC.whenD.whose
5.Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone______theycantalkfrequently.
A.whoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhom
6.RecentlyIboughtasecond-handcarwasverylow.
A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhoseC.itspriceD.whoseprice
7.Lily,isHelen______youwanttointroducemeto?
A.thatB.whoC.whomD.thegirl
8.Theprofessorstalkedwithusaboutthebeautifulschoolsandtheexperiencedteachers______theyhadseen.
A.thatB.whoC.whichD.what
9.Thisistheonlybus______goestothevillageschool.
A./B.thatC.whereD.it
10.Isthereashoparound_______sellsChinaDaily?
A.whoB.whereC.inwhichD.which
11.Shewastheonlyoneofthegirlsinourclass_______acceptedascandidateforthepresidentofourStudents’Union.
A.whowasB.whowere
C.whohasbeenD.whohavebeen
12.Sheisnolongerthesweetlittlegirl______sheusedtobe.
A.whatB.whoC.whenD.that
13.Isthissinger______songsyoulikebest?
A.who’sB.whoseC.whichDtheonewhose
14.Hegotangrywith_____wasagainsthisopinion.
A.whoB.whomeverC.whoeverD.nomatterwho
15.Anyone_____withwhatIsaidmayraiseyourhand.
A.whichagreesB.whoagreeC.whoagreesD.whichagree
16.That’sthedog______.
A.we’vebeenlookingafterB.afterwhichwe’vebeenlooking
C.whatwe’vebeenlookingafterD.we’vebeentakingcarefor
17.Thisisthelasttime______I’llgiveyoualesson.
A.whenB.thatC.whatD.as
18.Thefamily_____IstayedwithinParisareingtoLondon.
A.whoseB.whichC.whatD.whom
19.Thisistheveryknife______Iusedtocutapplesyesterday.
A.thatB.bywhichC.whichD.withwhich
20.Chinahasmanyrivers,_____theYangtzeRiveristhelongest..
A.whichB.inwhichC.amongwhichD.oneofwhich
21.Theusetheyare______thewastehelpstosavealotofmoney.
A.madeofB.madefromC.makingupofD.makingof
22.Thattree,thebranches______arealmostbare,isaveryoldone.
A.whoseB.inwhichC.ofwhichD.ofit
23.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson______shecouldturnforhelp.
A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom
24.WhatisthewaySmiththoughtof______enoughmoneytobuythenewhouse?
A.gettingB.havinggotC.beinggotD.toget
25.Jackspentasmuchtimeashecould______overhislessons.
A.goingB.wentC.goD.togo
26.Thefreezingpointisthetemperature______waterchangesintoice.
A.atwhichB.onthatC.whenD.ofwhich
27.I
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