四级阅读练习.docx

四级阅读练习.docx

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四级阅读练习

四级阅读之“大意篇”

PassageOne

Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

　　Oceanographyhasbeendefinedas“Theapplicationofallsciencestothestudyof

thesea”.

　　Beforethenineteencentury,scientistswithaninterestintheseawerefewandfar

between.CertainlyNewtonconsideredsometheoreticalaspectsofitinhiswritings,but

hewasreluctanttogotoseatofurtherhiswork.

　　Formostpeopletheseawasremote,andwiththeexceptionofearlyintercontinental

travelersorotherswhoearnedalivingfromthesea,therewaslittlereasontoaskmany

questionsaboutit,letalonetoaskwhatlaybeneaththesurface.Thefirsttimethat

question“Whatisatthebottomoftheoceans?

”hadtobeansweredwithanycommercial

consequencewaswhenthelayingofatelegraphcablefromEuropetoAmericawas

proposed.Theengineershadtoknowthedepthprofile（起伏形状）oftherouteto

estimatethelengthofcablethathadtobemanufactured.

　　ItwastoMauryoftheUSNavythattheAtlanticTelegraphCompanyturned,in

1853,forinformationonthismatter.Inthe1840s,Mauryhadbeenresponsiblefor

encouragingvoyagesduringwhichsoundings（测声）weretakentoinvestigatethedepths

oftheNorthAtlanticandPacificOceans.Later,someofhisfindingsarousedmuch

popularinterestinhisbookThePhysicalGeographyoftheSea.

　　Thecablewaslaid,butnotuntil1866wastheconnectionmadepermanentand

reliable.Attheearlyattempts,thecablefailedandwhenitwastakenoutforrepairsit

wasfoundtobecoveredinlivinggrowths,afactwhichdefiedcontemporaryscientific

opinionthattherewasnolifeinthedeeperpartsofthesea.

　　Withinafewyearsoceanographywasunderway.In1872Thomsonledascientific

expedition（考察）,whichlastedforfouryearsandbroughthomethousandsofsamples

fromthesea.Theirclassificationandanalysisoccupiedscientistsforyearsandledtoa

five-volumereport,thelastvolumebeingpublishedin1895.

21.TheproposaltolayatelegraphcablefromEuropetoAmericamadeoceanographic

studiestakeon________.

A）anacademicaspectB）amilitaryaspectC）abusinessaspectD）aninternationalaspect

22.Itwas________thataskedMauryforhelpinoceanographicstudies.

A）theAmericanNavyB）someearlyintercontinentaltravelers

C）thosewhoearnedalivingfromtheseaD）thecompanywhichproposedtolayanunderseacable

23.TheaimofthevoyagesMaurywasresponsibleforinthe1840swas________.

A）tomakesomesoundingexperimentsintheoceansB）tocollectsamplesofseaplantsandanimals

C）toestimatethelengthofcablethatwasneededD）tomeasurethedepthsofthetwooceans

24.“Defied”inthe5thparagraphprobablymeans“________”.

A）doubtedB）gaveprooftoC）challengedD）agreedto

25.Thispassageismainlyabout________.

A）thebeginningsofoceanographyB）thelayingofthefirstunderseacable

C）theinvestigationofoceandepthsD）theearlyintercontinentalcommunications

PassageTwo

Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

　　Normallyastudentmustattendacertainnumberofcoursesinordertograduate,

andeachcoursewhichheattendsgiveshimacreditwhichhemaycounttowardsa

degree.InmanyAmericanuniversitiesthetotalworkforadegreeconsistsofthirty-six

courseseachlastingforonesemester.Atypicalcourseconsistsofthreeclassesperweek

forfifteenweeks;whileattendingauniversityastudentwillprobablyattendfourorfive

coursesduringeachsemester.Normallyastudentwouldexpecttotakefouryears

attendingtwosemesterseachyear.Itispossibletospreadtheperiodofworkforthe

degreeoveralongerperiod.Itisalsopossibleforastudenttomovebetweenone

universityandanotherduringhisdegreecourse,thoughthisisnotinfactdoneasa

regularpractice.

　　Foreverycoursethathefollowsastudentisgivenagrade,whichisrecorded,and

therecordisavailableforthestudenttoshowtoprospectiveemployers.Allthisimposes

aconstantpressureandstrainofwork,butinspiteofthissomestudentsstillfindtime

forgreatactivityinstudentaffairs.Electionstopositionsinstudentorganizationsarouse

muchenthusiasm.Theeffectivewordofmaintainingdisciplineisusuallyperformedby

studentswhoadvisetheacademicauthorities.Anystudentwhoisthoughttohave

brokentherules,forexample,bycheatinghastoappearbeforeastudentcourt.Withthe

enormousnumbersofstudents,theoperationofthesystemdoesinvolveacertainamount

ofactivity.Astudentwhohasheldoneofthesepositionsofauthorityismuchrespected

anditwillbeofbenefittohimlaterinhiscareer.

26.Normallyastudentwouldatleastattend________classeseachweek.

A）36B）20C）12D）15

27.AccordingtothefirstparagraphanAmericanstudentisallowed________.

A）toliveinadifferentuniversityB）totakeaparticularcourseinadifferentuniversity

C）toliveathomeanddrivetoclassesD）togettwodegreesfromtwodifferentuniversities

28.Americanuniversitystudentsareusuallyunderpressureofworkbecause________.

A）theiracademicperformancewillaffecttheirfuturecareers

B）theyareheavilyinvolvedinstudentaffairs

C）theyhavetoobserveuniversitydiscipline

D）theywanttorunforpositionsofauthority

29.Somestudentsareenthusiasticforpositionsinstudentorganizationsprobably

because________.

A）theyhatetheconstantpressurestrainoftheirstudy

B）theywillthenbeabletostaylongerintheuniversity

C）suchpositionshelpthemgetbetterjobs

D）suchpositionsareusuallywellpaid

30.Thestudentorganizationsseem,tobeeffectivein________.

A）dealingwiththeacademicaffairsoftheuniversity

B）ensuringthatthestudentsobserveuniversityregulations

C）evaluatingstudents’performancebybringingthembeforeacourt

D）keepingupthestudents’enthusiasmforsocialactivities

PassageThree

Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

　　Doyoufindgettingupinthemorningsodifficultthatit’spainful?

Thismightbe

calledlaziness,butDr.Kleitmanhasanewexplanation.Hehasprovedthateveryonehas

adailyenergycycle.

　　Duringthehourswhenyoulaborthroughyourworkyoumaysaythatyou’re“hot”.

That’strue.Thetimeofdaywhenyoufeelmostenergeticiswhenyourcycleofbody

temperatureisatitspeak.Forsomepeoplethepeakcomesduringtheafternoon.For

othersitcomesintheafternoonorevening.Noonehasdiscoveredwhythisisso,butit

leadstosuchfamiliarmonologues（自言自语）as:

“Getup,John!

You’llbelateforwork

again!

”ThepossibleexplanationtothetroubleisthatJohnisathis

temperature-and-energypeakintheevening.Muchfamilyquarrellingendswhen

husbandsandwivesrealizewhattheseenergycyclesmean,andwhichcycleeach

memberofthefamilyhas.Youcan’tchangeyourenergycycle,butyoucanlearntomake

yourlifefititbetter.Habitcanhelp,Dr.Kleitmanbelieves.Maybeyou’resleepyinthe

eveningbutfeelyoumuststayuplateanyway.Counteract（对抗）yourcycletosome

extentbyhabituallystayinguplaterthanyouwantto.Ifourenergyislowinthemorning

butyouhaveanimportantjobtodoearlyintheday,risebeforeyourusualhour.This

won’tchangeyourcycle,butyou’llgetupsteam（鼓起干劲）andworkbetteratyourlow

point.

　　Getofftoaslowstartwhichsavesyourenergy.Getupwithaleisurelyyawnand

stretch.Sitontheedgeofthebedaminutebeforeputtingyourfeetonthefloor.Avoid

thetroublesomesearchforcleanclothesbylayingthemoutthenightbefore.Whenever

possible,doroutineworkintheafternoonandsavetasksrequiringmoreenergyor

concentrationforyoursharperhours.

31.Ifapersonfindsgettingupearlyaproblem,mostprobably________.

A）heisalazypersonB）herefusestofollowhisownenergycycle

C）heisnotsurewhenhisenergyislowD）heisathispeakintheafternoonorevening

32.Whichofthefollowingmayleadtofamilyquarrelsaccordingtothepassage?

A）Unawarenessofenergycycles.

B）Familiarmonologues.

C）Achangeinafamilymember’senergycycle.

D）Attemptstocontroltheenergycycleofotherfamilymembers.

33.Ifonewantstoworkmoreefficientlyathislowpointinthemorning,heshould

________.

A）changehisenergycycleB）overcomehislaziness

C）getupearlierthanusualD）gotobedearlier

34.Youareadvisedtorisewithayawnandstretchbecauseitwill________.

A）helptokeepyourenergyfortheday’sworkB）helpyoutocontrolyourtemperearlyintheday

C）enableyoutoconcentrateonyourroutineworkD）keepyourenergycycleundercontrolallday

35.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?

A）Gettingofftoworkwitaminimumefforthelpssaveone’senergy.

B）Dr.Kleitmanexplainswhypeoplereachtheirpeaksatdifferenthoursofday.

C）Habithelpsapersonadapttohisownenergycycle.

D）Childrenhaveenergycycles,too.

PassageFour

Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

　　Wefindthatbrightchildrenarerarelyheldbackbymixedabilityteaching.Onthe

contrary,boththeirknowledgeandexperienceareenriched.Wefeelthattherearemany

disadvantagesinstreaming（把…按能力分班）pupils.Itdoesnottakeintoaccountthe

factthatchildrendevelopatdifferentrates.Itcanhaveabadeffectonboththebright

andthenot-so-brightchild.Afterall,itcanbequitediscouragingtobeatthebottomof

thetopgrade!

　　Besides,itisratherunrealtogradepeoplejustaccordingtotheirintellectualability.

Thisisonlyoneaspectoftheirtotalpersonality.Weareconcernedtodeveloptheabilities

of