掘进机工程机械类外文翻译中英文翻译外文文献翻译.docx

掘进机工程机械类外文翻译中英文翻译外文文献翻译.docx

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掘进机工程机械类外文翻译中英文翻译外文文献翻译

英文文献

Roadheaderapplicationsinminingandtunnelingindustries

H.Copur1,L.Ozdemir2,andJ.Rostami3

1GraduateStudent,2DirectorandProfessor,and3AssistantProfessor

EarthMechanicsInstitute,ColoradoSchoolofMines,Golden,Colorado,80401

ABSTRACT

Roadheadersofferauniquecapabilityandflexibilityfortheexcavationofsofttomediumstrengthrockformations,therefore,arewidelyusedinundergroundminingandtunnelingoperations.Acriticalissueinsuccessfulroadheaderapplicationistheabilitytodevelopaccurateandreliableestimatesofmachineproductioncapacityandtheassociatedbitcosts.ThispaperpresentsanddiscussestherecentworkcompletedattheEarthMechanicsInstituteofColoradoSchoolofMinesontheuseofhistoricaldataforuseasaperformancepredictormodel.Themodelisbasedonextensivefielddatacollectedfromdifferentroadheaderoperationsinawidevarietyofgeologicformations.Thepaperalsodiscussesthedevelopmentofthisdatabaseandtheresultantempiricalperformancepredictionequationsderivedtoestimateroadheadercuttingratesandbitconsumption.

INTRODUCTION

Themorewidespreaduseofthemechanicalexcavationsystemsisatrendsetbyincreasingpressureontheminingandcivilconstructionindustriestomoveawayfromtheconventionaldrillandblastmethodstoimproveproductivityandreducecosts.Theadditionalbenefitsofmechanicalminingincludesignificantlyimprovedsafety,reducedgroundsupportrequirementsandfewerpersonnel.Theseadvantagescoupledwithrecentenhancementsinmachineperformanceandreliabilityhaveresultedinmechanicalminerstakingalargershareoftherockexcavationmarket.

Roadheadersarethemostwidelyusedundergroundpartial-faceexcavationmachinesforsofttomediumstrengthrocks,particularlyforsedimentaryrocks.Theyareusedforbothdevelopmentandproductioninsoftrockminingindustry（i.e.mainhaulagedrifts,roadways,cross-cuts,etc.）particularlyincoal,industrialmineralsandevaporiticrocks.Incivilconstruction,theyfindextensiveuseforexcavationoftunnels（railway,roadway,sewer,diversiontunnels,etc.）insoftgroundconditions,aswellasforenlargementandrehabilitationofvariousundergroundstructures.Theirabilitytoexcavatealmostanyprofileopeningalsomakesthemveryattractivetothoseminingandcivilconstructionprojectswherevariousopeningsizesandprofilesneedtobeconstructed.

Inadditiontotheirhighmobilityandversatility,roadheadersaregenerallylowcapitalcostsystemscomparedtothemostothermechanicalexcavators.Becauseofhighercuttingpowerdensityduetoasmallercuttingdrum,theyofferthecapabilitytoexcavaterocksharderandmoreabrasivethantheircounterparts,suchasthecontinuousminersandtheborers.

ROADHEADERSINLAST50YEARS

Roadheaderswerefirstdevelopedformechanicalexcavationofcoalintheearly50s.Today,theirapplicationareashaveexpandedbeyondcoalminingasaresultofcontinualperformanceincreasesbroughtaboutbynewtechnologicaldevelopmentsanddesignimprovements.Themajorimprovementsachievedinthelast50yearsconsistofsteadilyincreasedmachineweight,sizeandcutterheadpower,improveddesignofboom,muckpickupandloadingsystem,moreefficientcutterheaddesign,metallurgicaldevelopmentsincuttingbits,advancesinhydraulicandelectricalsystems,andmorewidespreaduseofautomationandremotecontrolfeatures.Allthesehaveledtodrasticenhancementsinmachinecuttingcapabilities,systemavailabilityandtheservicelife.

Machineweightshavereachedupto120tonsprovidingmorestableandstiffer（lessvibration,lessmaintenance）platformsfromwhichhigherthrustforcescanbegeneratedforattackingharderrockformations..Thecutterheadpowerhasincreasedsignificantly,approaching500kWtoallowforhighertorquecapacities.Modernmachineshavetheabilitytocutcross-sectionsover100m2fromastationarypoint.Computeraidedcutterheadlacingdesignhasdevelopedtoastagetoenablethedesignofoptimalbitlayouttoachievethemaximumefficiencyintherockandgeologicconditionstobeencountered.Thecuttingbitshaveevolvedfromsimplechiseltorobustconicalbits.Themuckcollectionandtransportsystemshavealsoundergonemajorimprovements,increasingattainableproductionrates.Theloadingaproncannowbemanufacturedasanextendiblepieceprovidingformoremobilityandflexibility.Themachinescanbeequippedwithrockboltingandautomaticdustsuppressionequipmenttoenhancethesafetyofpersonnelworkingattheheading.Theycanalsobefittedwithlaser-guidedalignmentcontrolsystems,computerprofilecontrollingandremotecontrolsystemsallowingforreducedoperatorsensitivitycoupledwithincreasedefficiencyandproductivity.Figure-1showsapicture