festival 课后复习.docx

festival 课后复习.docx

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festival课后复习

Unit7ChineseFestivalsandHolidays

Content

I.Chinesemajortraditionalfestivals

II.Othertraditionalfestivals

III.Ethnicfestivals

TheChinese,likeotherpeoples,observetwosetsofholidays,officialandtraditional.Inaddition,minoritynationalitiesinChinahavetheirownuniquecelebrations.HongKong,TaiwanandMacaoalsohavetheirownofficialandtraditionalholidays.

officialChineseholidays

traditionalChineseholidays

traditionalholidaysofminoritynationalities

OfficialChineseHolidays

●NewYear'sDay（January1st）

●InternationalWomen'sDay（March8th） 

●Tree-PlantingDay（March12nd）

●InternationalLaborDay（May1st）/InternationalWorkers’Day/MayDay

●YouthDay（May4th）

●Children'sDay（June1st）

●TheCCP'sBirthday（July1st）/AnniversaryoftheFoundingoftheChineseCommunistParty

●Army'sDay（August1st）

●Teacher'sDay（September10th）

●NationalDay（October1st）

TraditionalChineseHolidays

ThecalendartheChinesetraditionalholidaysfollowisofauniquelunarsystem.Therefore,the1stdayofthe1stmonthreferredheredoesnotnecessarilymeanJanuary1st.

●SpringFestival（TheChineseNewYear）（1stofthe1stlunarmonth）

●LanternFestival（15thofthe1stlunarmonth）

●QingMing（PureBrightnessDay）（Fifthofthe24SolarTerms）

●DuanWu（DragonBoat）Festival（5thofthe5thlunarmonth） 

●DoubleSeventhFestival（TheSeventhEve,7thoftheseventhlunarmonth）

●Mid-AutumnFestival（15thoftheeighthlunarmonth）

●DoubleNinthFestival（9thoftheninthlunarmonth）

Solar Terms

Jieqi（orsolarterms）aredaysmarkingoneofthe24timezonesofthesolaryearintraditionalChinesecalendar.JieqiwasusedtoindicatethealternationofseasonsandclimatechangesinancientChina.ItisauniquecomponentandcreativeinventionofChinesetraditionallunarcalendar.

TheTwenty-fourSolarTerms　

●1stsolarterm:

 theBeginningofSpring立春

●2ndsolarterm:

 RainWater雨水

●3rdsolarterm:

 theWakingofInsects惊蛰

●4thsolarterm:

 theSpringEquinox春分

●5thsolarterm:

 PureBrightness清明

●6thsolarterm:

 GrainRain谷雨

●7thsolarterm:

 theBeginningofSummer立夏

●8thsolarterm:

 GrainFull小满

●9thsolarterm:

 GraininEar芒种　

●10thsolarterm:

 theSummerSolstice夏至

●11thsolarterm:

 SlightHeat小暑

●12thsolarterm:

 GreatHeat大暑

●13thsolarterm:

 theBeginningofAutumn立秋

●14thsolarterm:

 theLimitofHeat处暑

●15thsolarterm:

 WhiteDew白露

●16thsolarterm:

 theAutumnalEquinox秋分

●17thsolarterm:

 ColdDew寒露

●18thsolarterm:

 Frost'sdescent霜降

●19thsolarterm:

 theBeginningofWinter立冬

●20thsolarterm:

 SlightSnow小雪

●21stsolarterm:

 GreatSnow大雪

●22ndsolarterm:

 theWinterSolstice冬至

●23rdsolarterm:

 SlightCold小寒

●24thsolarterm:

 GreatCold大寒

春雨惊春清谷天，夏满芒夏暑相连，秋处露秋寒霜降，冬雪雪冬小大寒。

I.Chinesemajortraditionalfestivals

1.SpringFestival

China’smostimportantfestival

fallsonthe1stdayofthe1stlunarmontheachyear.

FamilymembersgatherjustastheydoforChristmasintheWest.

thebusiesttimefortransportationsystems（transportduringtheSpringFestivalperiod春运）

Origin

SpringFestivalisalsocalledguonian,whichmeanskeepingthemonsterNianaway.TherearemanylegendsabouttheoriginofNian.

ApopularlegendfromancienttimesdescribedNianasafiercemonsterresemblingabullwithalion’shead.….

PreliminaryYear（Xiaonian）

●The23rddayofthe12thlunarmonth

●SacrificesareofferedtotheKitchenGod

●familiessharingdeliciousfoodfollowedbypreparationsforthecomingSpringFestival.

Preparations:

foods,

decorations

newclothesandshoesforchildren

giftsfortheelderly,friendsandrelativesare

Housesarethoroughlycleaned.

SpringFestivalEve

●PasteSpringFestivalCouplets

●PasteUpside-down'Fu'Character

●PasteSpringFestivalPictures

PicturesoftheGodofDoorsandGodofWealth

●SpringFestivalEveReunionDinner

●TheSpringFestivalGala

●Guardtheyear（StayuplateorallnightonNewYear'sEve）

SpringFestivalCouplets

●TheseareChinesegoodluckproverbswrittenonredpaper,oftenwithgoldentrimming

●andthesecoupletsareusuallyabouthappiness,wealth,longevity,andasatisfactorymarriage,includingmorechildren.

汉代时，人在桃木片上写神荼、郁垒二神的名字，春节时挂在门口，以为就可以使恶鬼望而生畏，不敢进门骚扰了。

五代以后，开始在桃板上书写联语。

到了明代，又把桃木板改成纸，就和今天的春联很相似了。

Upside-down'Fu'Character

"Fu“isamustinSpringFestivalcelebrations.

pastednormallyorupsidedown,becauseinChinesethe"up-sidedfu"ishomophonicwith"fucomes（fudaole）”

"fu,"literallymeaningauspiciousness,blessingorhappiness,toexpresspeople'swishesforthecomingnewyear.

Theoriginofthetradition

AccordingtoMenglianglu,abookrecordingthefolkcustomsintheSongDynasty（960-1127）,peopleatthattimehadalreadybeenpracticingthetradition.

《梦粱录》"士庶家不论大小，俱洒扫门闾，去尘秽，净庭户，换门神，钉桃符，贴春牌，祭祖宗"。

文中的"贴春牌"即是写在红纸上的"福"字。

There'salsoanotherlegendrelatedtoZhuYuanzhangandtheEmpressMa.

Theaccompanyingpatternsusuallyincludeavarietyofthemeslikethegodofwealth,godoflongevity,abirthdaypeach,acarp,adragonandaphoenixaswellasotherthemes.

五福临门：

福禄寿禧财goodfortune,amplesalary,longevity,happylifeandgreatwealth

SpringFestivalEveReunionDinner

Dishesthatmustbeincluded:

●Chicken　　　　Auspicious

●fish　　　　　　abundant

●tofu　　　　　　blessed

Othertypicalfoods:

●Niangao,orglutinousricecakes,means“higherandhigher,oneyearafteranother.”

●Jiaozi,ordumpling,means“biddingfarewelltotheoldandusheringinthenew”

TheSpringFestivalGala

StayuplateorallnightonNewYear'sEve（guardtheyear）

●Accordingtothecustom,peoplewillstayuplateontheChineseNewYear’sEve.Familymembershavedinnertogether,andchattillmidnighttowelcometheNewYearin.

●Inmostareas,thefireinthechamberoftheKitchenrangeshouldnotbeputoutontheeve.Peoplewillplaceathicktreerootorcarbonblockintherangeorinanearthenbasin,toletitburnuntilthefirstdayofthelunarNewyear.Asonepieceoffuelisconsumed,theflamepassestoanother.Itsymbolizeseternity,andhasahintoftheworshipoffireasinancienttimes.

PayaNewYear'sCall

GivingHongbao

●（redpacketsorredenvelopes）

●Withgiftmoneyinit

●Guaranteechildren’shealthygrowthinthecomingyear.

FireworkandFirecrackerDisplay

●Fireworksandfirecrackers,knownasyanhuaandbaozhuinChinese,wereoriginallymadeofrealbamboo.TheyweretraditionallysetofftofrightenawayghostsandmonsterssothattheNewYearwouldbefreeofthem.

TaboosofChineseNewYear

●Ifachildbreaksabowlbyaccident，“Peaceallyearround”shouldbesaidtoturnanillluckintogood，as“broken”hasthesamepronunciationwith“year”inChinese.

●Peopleshallnevermentionwordsrelatedto“death”.

●Knivesandscissorsareadvisednottobeusedduringthefirstthreedaysofthefestival.

●Whenpeoplehavefishasoneofdishes,itisusuallyamustthattheyleavesomeofthemeatintheplate.

●Insomefamilies,peoplebelievethattherubbishshouldnotbetakenoutofthehousesotheystoreitinthecorneroftheroomforthefestivaldays.

●Insomeplaces,peopledon’thavetheirhaircutduringthecelebratingperiod,andfallingchopstickswhentakingamealisconsideredbadluckinthenewyear.

MarriedDaughtersReturntoParents'Home

●OntheseconddayoftheNewYearthemarrieddaughters,togetherwiththeirhusbandsandchildren,willgobacktotheirparents'houseforthereuniondinners,toshowtheirrespectanddeepaffection.

SpringFestivalCelebrationtraditionallylastsfor15days,i.e.fromtheLunarNewYear'sDaytotheLanternFestival.

Christmas.Itscelebrationlastfor12days,whichiscalledChristmasTide,orChristmasHolidaySeason.

2.LanternFestival

●the15thdayofthe1stlunarmonth

●asearlyastheWesternHanDynasty（206BC-AD25）

Thetraditionofwatchinglanterns

ThroughouttheHanDynasty（206BC-AD220）,BuddhismflourishedinChina.EmperorMingintheEasternHanDynastyheardthatBuddhistmonkswouldwatchsarira,andlightlanternstoworshipBuddhaonthe15thdayofthe1stlunarmonth,soheorderedtolightlanternsintheimperialpalaceandtemplestoshowrespecttoBuddhaonthisday.Later,theBuddhistritedevelopedintoagrandfestivalamongcommonpeopleanditsinfluenceexpandedfromtheCentralPlainstothewholeofChina.

元宵赏灯始于东汉明帝时期，明帝提倡佛教，听说佛教有正月十五日僧人观佛舍利，点灯敬佛的做法，就命令这一天夜晚在皇宫和寺庙里点灯敬佛，令士族庶民都挂灯。

以后这种佛教礼仪节日逐渐形成民间盛大的节日。

该节经历了由宫廷到民间，由中原到全国的发展过程。

GuessingRiddles

fromtheSongDynasty.Visitorswhosolveariddlemaygetprizes.

Yuanxiao

●Peoplewilleatyuanxiao,orricedumplings,onthisday,soitisalsocalledthe"YuanxiaoFestival."

●Yuanxiaoalsohasanothername,tangyuan.Itissmalldumplingballsmadeofglutinousriceflourwithrosepetals,sesame,beanpaste（豆沙）,jujubepaste,walnutmeat,driedfruit,sugarandedibleoilasfilling.

●Tangyuancanbeboiled,friedorsteamed.

●Ittastessweetanddelicious.

●What'smore,tangyuaninChinesehasasimilarpronunciationwith"tuanyuan",meaningreunion.Sopeopleeatthemtodenoteunion,harmonyandhappinessforthefamily.

Relatedexpressions:

SpringFestivalEveDinner年夜饭

PayANewYearCall拜年

Wishyouprosperity恭喜发财

stayuplateontheChineseNewYear’sEve守岁

WalkingonStilts踩高跷

Yuanxiao元宵

Dumpling，Jiaozi饺子

DragonDance舞龙灯

LionDance舞狮

SacrificetoKitchenGod祭灶神

Settingofffirecrackers放鞭炮

SpringCouplets春联

Upside-down‘Fu’Character福到

TempleFair庙会

RedPackets压岁钱

TheYearofSnake蛇年

TheSnakePersonality属蛇

TheSnakeChild蛇宝宝

ChineseZodiacC