欧美文学名篇选读.docx

欧美文学名篇选读.docx

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欧美文学名篇选读

作家一1、GeoffreyChaucer:

the“fatherofEnglishpoetry”

Hiscontributions:

1.ForerunnerofHumanism2.ThefounderofEnglishRealism

3.FatherofEnglishpoetry（calledbyJohnDryden）4.MasteroftheEnglishlanguage

Mainworks:

ThebookoftheDuchess（1386?

）TheparliamentofFowls（1380）

TheHouseofFame（1374-1384）TroilusandCriseyde（1380-1385）

TheCanterburyTales（1386-1400）TheLegendofGoodWomen（1385）

Artisticfeatures:

heroiccoupletmusical,elegant,satiricalandhumorous

GeneralCommentsonTheCanterburyTales

⏹panoramaofhiscontemporarysociety

⏹true-to-lifecharacters

⏹samplesofdifferenttypesofliterature

2、诗韵:

双行诗英雄体押aabb式韵典型的抑扬格五音步体

名词解释1、HeroicCouplet（英雄双韵体）

☐Heroiccoupletreferstoiambicpentameterlinesrhymedinpairs.TheRhymeschemeisaa,bb,cc,dd,andsoon.ItisnamedfromitsusebyJohnDrydenandothersintheheroicdramaofthelate17thcentury.ItwasestablishedearlierbyChaucerasamajorEnglishverse-formfornarrativepoetry,anddominatedEnglishpoetryofthe18thcentury.Itiscalled“heroic”becauseinEngland,itisusuallyusedinheroicpoems.

☐英雄双韵体指的是抑扬格五音部诗两行都押韵的。

这个押韵的组合是aabbcc……

☐它的名字来源于它的使用被……，和其他的在英雄戏剧的是17世纪早些时候的。

☐它被早期创立是乔搜，作为主要的英语诗歌，for，叙事诗和支配的英语诗歌，of，18世纪。

它被称为“heoric”，因为在英国，它多被使用于英雄诗歌中。

名词解释2、TheRenaissance文艺复兴时期

☐The16thcenturyinEnglandwasaperiodofthebreakingupoffeudalrelationsandtheestablishingofthefoundationsofcapitalism.

☐Newsocialandeconomicconditionsbroughtaboutgreatchangesinthedevelopmentofscienceandart.

☐TogetherwiththedevelopmentofbourgeoisrelationshipsandformationoftheEnglishnationalstatethisperiodismarkedbyaflourishingofnationalcultureknownastheRenaissance.（这三段应该不要背）

☐ThetermRenaissanceoriginallyindicatedarevivalofclassical（RomanandGreek）artsandsciencesafterthedarkagesofmedievalobscurantism.Indeed,agreatnumberoftheworksofclassicalauthorsweretranslatedintoEnglishduringthe16thcentury.Thestudyandpropagationofclassicallearningandartwascarriedonbytheprogressivethinkersofthehumanists.Theyheldtheirchiefinterestnotinecclesiastical（教会）knowledge,butinman,that’stosay,ThemostsignificantideaoftheRenaissanceishumanism.Theypaycloseattentiontotheirenvironmentanddoingsandbravelyfoughtfortheemancipation（解放）ofmanfromthetyrannyofthechurchandreligiousdogmas.教义

☐文艺复兴时期最初表明（originallyindicated），arevivalof古典艺术和科学，在黑暗的年代之后。

Indeed，大量的古典作家的作品被翻译成英文，during16世纪。

☐Thestudyandpropagationof古典的学习和艺术被传播，by进步的思想家of人文主义者。

他们把主要的兴趣集中在……，也就是说……他们payattentionto……emancipationofman.

Twofeaturesofrenaissance:

⑴Itisathirstingcuriosityfortheclassicalliterature.PeoplelearnedtoadmiretheGreekandLatinworksasmodelsofliteraryform.

⑵Itisthekeeninterestintheactivitiesofhumanity.

名词解释3、Humanism人本主义

Humanismisthekey-noteoftheRenaissance.Itreflectedthenewoutlookoftherisingbourgeoisclass.Humanistsemphasizethedignityofhumanbeingsandtheimportanceofthepresentlifeandbelievethatmandidnotonlyhavetherighttoenjoythebeautyofthislife,buthadtheabilitytoperfecthimselfandtoperformwondersbyremovingalltheexternalchecksbytheexerciseofreason.Theyalsoexpressedtheirrebelliousspiritagainstthetyrannyoffeudalruleandecclesiasticaldomination.

人文主义是Key-noteoftheRenaissance.人文主义者强调（emphasize）人类的尊严（dignity），现在生活的重要性。

相信人类不仅有享受生活美好的权利，还有使自己更完美和创造奇迹的能力。

他们还表达了他们的rebelliousspirit反对封建统治（feudal）。

作家二WilliamShakespeare（1564-1616）：

thegreatestofallEnglishauthors

mainworks

RomeoandJuliet,1595

TheMerchantofVenice,1596

HenryⅣ,partⅠ,1597

TwelfthNight,1600

Hamlet,1601

Othello,1604

KingLear,1605

Macbeth,1606

37个剧本，154首十四行诗和2首长诗

His4greatcomedies

AMidsummerNight‘sDream，TheMerchantofVenice，AsYouLikeIt，TwelfthNight

His4greattragedies

Hamlet,Othello,KingLear,Macbeth

文学赏析一Hamlet（Act3,Scene1,lines55-86）

1.HowdoyouthinkofHamlet,what’shispersonalities?

Indecisivegloomyresponsible…

2.Appreciation

ThispassageisselectedfromAct3,Scene1inHamlet,atragedywrittenbyWilliamShakespeare.Thisfamoussoliloquypresentsanimageofaweak,meditativeandmelancholicHamlet.InthepreviousAct,Hamlethadlearnedaboutthecrimeofhisunclefromtheghost.However,duetohissuspicionoftheghostandhisloveforhismother,hedecidedtoperformaplaytocheckwhetherhisunclewasarealmurderer.

AfterHamletlearnsaboutthetruthofhisfather’sdeath,hehasbeentormentedbyhisfather’sdeathandhismother’shastymarriage,buthedoesn’tknowhowtotakerevengeeffectively.Therefore,hethinksofendingsuchtroublesandpainsbysuicide.However,thinkingoftheunknownworldafterdeath,Hamlethesitates.InhismonologueinAct3,Hamletexpressedhisviewontheissueofdeathandliving.Hamletisaskingwhichismorepreferable,tosufferinone’sownmindortakeastandagainstthetroubles.Herealizesthatthesituationheisinnowisforcinghishandtoact–heeithermustremainquietandforgetallthathappened,ormustworktoexposeandkillhisuncle.

Hamlet’sdilemmaisthepainoflifethathemustendureortheuncertaintyofdeath.WeseethatHamletisdissatisfiedwithlifeandlistsmanythingsthattroublehimbutheisnotsurewhatdeathwillbringhim.Heisthinkingthattheexperienceofdeathitselfmaybeworsethanlifeitself.Hamletknowsthatthechurchforbidssuicidebecauseyoursoulwillbeineternaldamnation.ForHamlet,deathisanundiscoveredcountrywherenotravelerreturns.

In__C______,Shakespearehasnotonlymadeaprofoundanalysisofthesocialcrisisinwhichtheevilscanbeseeneverywhere,butalsocriticizedthebourgeoisegoism.

A.Hamlet

 B.Othello

 C.KingLear

D.Macbeth

Thesentence"ShallIcomparetheetoasummer'sday?

"isthebeginninglineofoneofShakespeare's___C_____.

A.comedies

B.tragedies

C.sonnets

D.histories

Manypeopletodaytendtoregardtheplay“TheMerchantofVenice”asasatireofthehypocrisyof___________andtheirfalsestandardsoffriendshipandlove,theircunningwaysofpursuingworldlinessandtheirunreasoningprejudiceagainst_____.A

A.Christians/Jews

B.Jews/Christians

C.oppressors/oppressed

D.people/Jews

作家三JohnMilton（1608-1674）ThegreatEnglishpoet革命诗人誉为思想上的伟人

Mainworks:

Lycidas（1637）,ParadiseLost（1667）ParadiseRegained（1671）

Buthewasthemostsuccessfulintheuseofblankverse,andheistheforerunnertointroduceblankverseintonon-dramaticpoetry

TheFormofParadiseLost:

blankverse（无韵诗）

ThethemeofParadiseLost:

v“tojustifythewaysofGodtoman”（submissiontotheAlmighty）

vDiscussion:

Isthistherealthemeofthepoem?

vRealtheme:

praisingtherebelliousspiritsagainstthedespot

Milton’sparadiseLosttookitsmaterialfrom______.A

A.theBible          

B.Greekmyth

C.Romanmyth       

D.Frenchromance

AmongthethreemajorpoeticalworksbyJohnMilton,______A__isthemostperfectexampleofversedrama（叙事诗歌，诗剧）aftertheGreekstyleinEnglish.

A.SamsonAgonistesB.ParadiseLost

C.ParadiseRegainedD.Areopagitica

JohnMilton’sgreatestpoeticalwork___B_____istheonlygenerallyacknowledgedepicinEnglishliteraturesinceBeowulf.

A.AreopagiticaB.ParadiseLost

C.LycidasD.SamsonAgonistes

名词解释4、Enlightenment启蒙运动

TheEnlightenmentwasaprogressiveintellectualmovementthroughoutWesternEuropeinthe18thcentury.Itwasanexpressionofstruggleofthebourgeoisieagainstfeudalism.Theenlightenersfoughtagainstclassinequality,stagnation停滞,prejudicesandothersurvivalsoffeudalism.Theyattemptedtoplaceallbranchesofscienceattheserviceofmankindbyconnectingthemwiththeactualdeedsandrequirementsofthepeople.

启蒙运动是anexpressionof进步阶层对封建主义（feudalism）的斗争。

启蒙运动者与阶级（class）不平等、偏见，以及其他封建主义的残留作斗争。

他们尝试把allbranchesofscience都与实际deed和人们的要求结合起来。

作家五DanielDefore（1660-1731）

Mainworks：

TheLifeandStrangeSurprisingAdventuresofRobinsonCrusoe（1719）

-------------“thefatherofEnglishnovels”.

CaptainSingleton（1720）MollFlanders（1722）

AJournalofthePlagueYear（1722）Roxana（1724）

WhatareRobinsonCrusoe’straitsofcharacter?

CourageousWarm-heartedSpritofadventurePerseveringoptimisticCheerful

AmbitiousHard-workingIrresponsible

TheroleofRobinsonCrusoe:

Friday

作家六WilliamBlake（1757-1827）

Mainworks:

PoeticalSketches,1783SongsofInnocence,1789

TheBookofThel,1789TheMarriageofHeavenandHell,1790

VisionsoftheDaughtersofAlbion,1793TheSongsofExperience（1794）

TheSongofLos,1795

文学赏析二TheLamb——天真之歌

ThispassageisselectedfromWilliamBlake’spoem“TheLamb”,whichisincludedinSongsofInnocence.Inthefirststanza,byaskingthequestion,“LittleLamb,whomadethee”,thepoetremindsthereadersofthecreationoftheworld,thusremindsusoftheimageofGodwhoisthecreatorofallthingsintheworld.Then,thepoetgivesadescriptionofthelittle,gentle,andinnocentlamb.Thisisnotonlyapraiseforthegentle,innocentcreature,butalsothepraisefortheGod’skindnessincreation.Inthesecondstanza,thepoetanswersthequestionhimself.TheLambisasymbolforJesusChrist,theSonofGod.Byusingsymboliclanguage,thepoetcomparesJesustoalambandachild,becauseinChristianity,Jesusiscomparedbothtoalambgoingtothesacrificeandtoashepherdwhoprotectshisflockoflambsandsheep,andBible’sdepictionofJesusinhischildhoodshowshimasguileless正直的andvulnerable.易受伤害的

作家七RobertBurns（1759-1796）ThegreatestofScottishpoets

Main