英语高考必刷题英语阅读理解题及解析.docx
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英语高考必刷题英语阅读理解题及解析
(英语)高考必刷题英语阅读理解题及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
Lastweek,VodafonestartedatestoftheUK'sfirstfull5Gservice,availableforusebybusinessesinSalford.ItispartofitsplantotrialthetechnologyinsevenUKcities.Butwhatcanweexpectfromthenextgenerationofmobiletechnology?
Onethingwewillseeinthepreparationforthetestislotsoftrickswiththenewtech.Earlierthisyear,operatorspaidalmost£1.4billionforthe5Gwavelengths,andtocompensateforthatcash,theywillneedtocatchtheeyeofconsumers.InSeptember,VodafoneuseditsbitoftherangetodisplaytheUK'sfirsthologram(全息)call.TheManchesterCitycaptainStephHoughtonappearedasaholograminNewbury.Itisn'tallholograms,however:
5Gwillofferfasterinternetaccess,withOfcom(英国通讯管理局)suggestingthatvideothattakesaminutetodownloadon4Gwillbeavailableinjustasecond.
Thewiderapplicationistosupportconnectedequipmentonthe"internetofthings"-notjusttheinternet-enabledfridgethatcanreorderyourmilkforyou,butthenetworkthatwillenabledriverlesscarsanddeliverydrones(无人机)tocommunicatewitheachother.
ProfWilliamWebbhaswarnedthatthetechnologycouldbeacaseoftheemperor'snewclothes.Muchofthespeedincrease,heclaims,couldhavebeenachievedbyputtingmoremoneyinthe4Gnetwork,ratherthananewtechnology. OtherdifferentvoiceshavesuggestedthatafocusonrollingoutwiderruralbroadbandaccessandaddressingcurrentnetworkcoveragewouldbemorebeneficialtotheUKasawhole.
Obviously,5Gwillalsobringacosttoconsumers.Itrequiresahandsetforboth5Gand4G,andthefirst5G-enabledsmartphonesareexpectedinthecomingyear.Withtheslowpaceofnetworkrolloutsofar,itislikelythatconsumerswillendupupgradingtoanew5Gphonewellbefore5Gbecomeswidelyavailableinthenextcoupleofyears.
(1)WhydoesProfWilliamWebbsay"thetechnologycouldbeacaseoftheemperor'snewclothes"?
A. Heisinfavoroftheapplicationofthenewtechnology.
B. 5Gwillbringacosttoconsumersintheirdailylife.
C. 5Ghelpspeoplecommunicatebetterwitheachother.
D. Heprefersmoremoneytobespenton4Gnetworks.
(2)Theunderlinedword"addressing"inthefourthparagraphhastheclosestmeaningto________.
A. makingaspeechto B. tryingtosolve C. managingtodecrease D. respondingto
(3)Thelastparagraphindicatesthat .
A. it'lltakeseveralyears.tomake5GaccessibletothepublicintheUK
B. 5Gserviceshowshugedevelopmentpotentialandabroadmarket
C. customersareeagertouse5Gsmartphonesinsteadof4Gones
D. it'sprobablethat5GnetworkrolloutisspeedingupinBritain
(4)Whatdoweknowaboutthetext?
A. Vodafoneissuccessfulinspreadingthe5Gservice.
B. StephHoughtonappearedasahologramby4G.
C. Theapplicationof5Gwillmakelifemucheasier.
D. 5GphonesareavailableinruralareasoftheUK.
【答案】
(1)D
(2)B
(3)A
(4)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。
文章讲述的是4G向5G的转变。
5G会给人们带来更多的好处,使人们的生活更加舒适。
(1)细节理解题。
根据第四段中ProfWilliamWebbhaswarnedthatthetechnologycouldbeacaseoftheemperor'snewclothes.Muchofthespeedincrease,heclaims,couldhavebeenachievedbyputtingmoremoneyinthe4Gnetwork,ratherthananewtechnology.可知,ProfWilliamWebb说“这项技术可能是皇帝新衣的一个例子”是因为他更愿意把更多的钱花在4G网络上。
故选D。
(2)词义猜测题。
根据第四段中OtherdifferentvoiceshavesuggestedthatafocusonrollingoutwiderruralbroadbandaccessandaddressingcurrentnetworkcoveragewouldbemorebeneficialtotheUKasawhole.“其他不同的声音表示,集中精力推广更广泛的农村宽带接入,解决目前的网络覆盖问题,将对整个英国更有利。
”由此推知划线词的意思是“试图解决”。
故选B。
(3)推理判断题。
根据最后一段Withtheslowpaceofnetworkrolloutsofar,itislikelythatconsumerswillendupupgradingtoanew5Gphonewellbefore5Gbecomeswidelyavailableinthenextcoupleofyears.可知,最后一段指出,让5G在英国向公众开放需要几年的时间。
故选A。
(4)推理判断题。
根据第二段中5Gwillofferfasterinternetaccess,withOfcom(英国通讯管理局)suggestingthatvideothattakesaminutetodownloadon4Gwillbeavailableinjustasecond.可知,5G的应用将使生活变得更容易。
故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查,是一篇说明类阅读,要求考生先从问题中抓住关键性词语(题眼),然后以此为线索,运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的:
段落、语句,仔细品味,同时根据上下文进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
Forcingwaitersandwaitressestosurviveontipsfromcustomersratherthannormalwagesisapointless,crude,anduniqueAmericancustomthat,inthepastseveralyears,ahandfulofprogressiverestaurantownershaveattemptedtodoawaywith.DannyMeyer,CEOofUnionSquareHospitalityGroup,isabouttojointheirranksandhasannouncedthatheplanstograduallystoptippingatthecompany's13restaurants.
What,exactly,iswrongwithtipping?
AsBrianPalmerhasexplained,moreorlessit'severything.Tostart,leavingawaiter'spayinthehandsofcustomershasafeelingofclassism(阶级歧视).Andintheory,handingrestaurantcustomersthepowertotipisatleastsupposedtomotivatebetterservice.Thisfailsinpracticebecausehumansturnouttobeprettyarbitrary(随意的)abouttheirtippingbehavior.Researchhasshownthattheamountdinerstiphasverylittletodowiththeirlevelofsatisfaction.Allofthisdoesn'tencouragewaitersandwaitressestodoanythingbutturnoverasmanytablesaspossible.
Tippingisalsoveryunfairtokitchenstaff.Thelawallowsrestaurantstodividetipsbetweenfront-of-the-houseworkerslikewaiters,hosts,hostesses,andbartenders(调酒师),butnotcooks.Thiscreatesasysteminwhichthepeopleservingthefoodinarestaurantcanearnmorethanthepeoplepreparingit.
OneofthemostfascinatingpartsofMeyer'smoveisthat,unlikesomerestaurantownerswhohavetakenananti-tippingstand,hewon'tsimplyaddastandardextrachargetodiners'bills.Rather,UnionSquareHospitalityGroupmeanstoraisemenupricesenoughtofullycoverthecostofameal.IfMeyermanagestomoveawayfromtippingatallwithouthurtinghisprofits,itwouldalmostcertainlysetthestageforotherstofollowsuit.
(1)What'sDannyMeyer'sattitudetowardsstoppingtipping?
A. Negative. B. Supportive. C. Objective. D. Doubtful.
(2)WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph2?
A. Tippingmaydisturbtherestaurants'management.
B. Tippingwillguaranteedinershighqualityservice.
C. Tippingcanarousethestaff'senthusiasmforwork.
D. Tippingwillbringcustomersasenseofsatisfaction.
(3)WhatcanweknowaboutUnionSquareHospitalitygroup?
A. BrianPalmerisinchargeofitnow.
B. Itscooksearnmuchmorethanitsservers.
C. Restauranttippinghasbeentotallybannedthere.
D. Dinerswillbechargedmoreforthedishesthere.
(4)Whatisthetopicofthepassage?
A. Restaurants'gettingridoftipping. B. Difficultiesthatrestaurantsarefacedwith.
C. Thepopularityofno-tippingrestaurants.
D. Tipsonrunningrestaurantssuccessfully.
【答案】
(1)B
(2)A
(3)D
(4)A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文,介绍了强迫服务员和侍者靠顾客的小费,而不是正常的工资维持生计是一种毫无意义、粗鲁、独特的美国风俗,过去几年,一些进步的餐馆老板试图消除这种风俗。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第一段中的“DannyMeyer,CEOofUnionSquareHospitalityGroup,isabouttojointheirranksandhasannouncedthatheplanstograduallystoptippingatthecompany's13restaurants.”可知DannyMeyer宣布他计划逐步停止在该公司13家餐厅给小费,这表明他对停止给小费是支持的,故选B。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第二段中的“leavingawaiter'spayinthehandsofcustomershasafeelingofclassism(阶级歧视).Thisfailsinpracticebecausehumansturnouttobeprettyarbitrary(随意的)abouttheirtippingbehavior.”和“Allofthisdoesn'tencouragewaitersandwaitressestodoanythingbutturnoverasmanytablesaspossible.”可知给服务员小费有一个阶级歧视的感觉,由于人类的随意性并不能达到预期效果,起不到鼓励服务员的作用。
这些都会扰乱饭店的管理,故选A。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“Rather,UnionSquareHospitalityGroupmeanstoraisemenupricesenoughtofullycoverthecostofameal.”可知UnionSquareHospitalityGroup打算提高菜单价格,这样顾客就会为饭菜多支付钱,故选D。
(4)考查主旨大意。
根据第一段中的“DannyMeyer,……hasannouncedthatheplanstograduallystoptippingatthecompany's13restaurants.”点明了本文主要内容,下文介绍了给小费的不良影响及DannyMeyer这一举动的意义。
本文是围绕禁止给小费这一事件写的,Restaurants'gettingridoftipping适合作为标题,故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查,是一篇文化类阅读,考生需要根据上下文进行逻辑推理,概括归纳,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
Moreandmorecommentssectionsarebeingshutdownonline.
AutumnPhillipshadhadenough.OnAug.19,theexecutiveeditoroftheQuad-CityTimesinIowa,andIllinois,USvisitedherwebsite,,andsawastoryaboutamanwhohadbeenshottodeath.Whenshegottothereaders'commentssectionsattheend,shewasshockedbywhatshesaw.Belowthestorywasagrowingnumberofcomments—aracistremarkaboutdemocraticvotes,anegativecommentaboutpolice…SoPhillipsdecidedtodosomethingshehadbeenthinkingaboutforalongtime:
sheshutdownthecommentssections.
Phillipswasnotaloneinmakingsuchamove.Lastweek,NPRannouncedktoowasclosingitsonlinecommentssections.Thedecisionsdon'tmeanthatthenewsoutletsarenolongerinterestedinwhattheiraudiencesarethinking.Bothstressedtheireagernesstohearfromreadersandlistenersonsocialnetworks.Butbothagreedthatcommentshaddeviatedfromtheiroriginalintention.Andsotheyhad.
Inearlydaysofdigitaljournalism,commentswereseenasakeypartofthisnewmedia,awonderfulopportunityforstrengtheningthedialoguebetweennewsproducersandtheiraudiences.Itwasawelcomechange,giventhatforlongmanynewsorganizationswerefartooseparatedfromtheirreaders.Muchmorebackandforthconversationseemedlikehealthyandwelcomeevolution.Sadly,that'snotthewaythingsturnedout.Ratherthanaplaceforexchangingideas,commentssectionsbecamethehomeofuglyname-calling,racismandanti-womenlanguage.Besidestheirpoisonousquality,