科技英语翻译论文.docx

科技英语翻译论文.docx

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科技英语翻译论文

2013040391116

OnTranslatingofPassiveVoiceinScientificandTechnologyEnglish

WangJinDun

APaperSubmittedasaPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirements

fortheDegreeofB.A.

Supervisedby

ChenZhiWei

CollegeofForeignLanguagesandLiterature

BeiJingLiGongUniversity

May,2017

郑重声明

本人呈交的学位论文，是在导师的指导下，独立进行研究工作所取得的成果，所有数据、图片资料真实可靠。

尽我所知，除文中已经注明引用的内容外，本学位论文的研究成果不包含他人享有著作权的内容。

对本论文所涉及的研究工作做出贡献的其他个人和集体，均已在文中以明确的方式标明。

本学位论文的知识产权归属于培养单位。

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摘要

论文首先简短地介绍了一下科技英语翻译的特点，说明了被动语态在科技英语翻译中的重要地位，鉴于汉语和英语中的被动语态句子意义有很大的差别，本文讨论了被动语态自身有什么样的语言特点以及如何正确使用被动语态。

值得注意的是，译者在翻译之前应该弄清楚句子的结构，译者应该有自己的认知基础,而不是盲目翻译,应符合他们的认知。

而且翻译技巧也很重要，英语被动语态翻译成中文的技巧可以帮助英语学习者更好地理解英语文章的流畅性和表达。

其次讲述了被动语态在科技英语中的使用和它在科技英语中所起的作用以及为什么被广泛使用。

本文最后重点探讨了在翻译科技英语中被动语态应遵循的原则和方法。

只有通过这些翻译技巧将英语被动句翻译成汉语主动语态,才能使科技英语的翻译更加平滑并且符合汉语的表达。

关键词：

被动语态科技英语翻译

Abstract

Firstly,thispaperbrieflyintroducesthecharacteristicsoftranslationofScienceandTechnologyEnglish（later referredtoas EST）,andexplainswhataimportantrolethepassivevoiceplaysinESTatthesametime.Secondly,thepassivevoiceinChineseandEnglishhasgreatdifferencesinthevalueofsentencemeaning，thepaperdiscusseshowweshouldusepassivevoicecorrectlyandwhatkindoflinguisticfeaturesdoespassivevoicehave.ItissignificantthattranslatorshouldunderstandwhatthedeepstructureisinEnglishbeforetranslatingthepassivevoiceinEST,andtranslatorshouldhavetheirowncognitivegroundsratherthanblindlytranslate,whichshouldbeinaccordancewiththeircognition.What’smore,translationskillsarealsoveryimportant.TheskillsoftranslatingEnglishPassivevoiceintoChinesecanhelpEnglishlearnersbetterunderstandthefluencyandexpressionofEnglisharticles.ThirdlyitanalyzestheuseofpassivevoiceinEST,itssignificanteffectsinESTandwhyitiswidelyappliedinscienceandtechnologyEnglish.Finally,thispaperfocusesonthetranslationprinciplesandskillsthatshouldbefollowedinthetranslationofpassivevoiceinEST.OnlybyusingthesetranslationtechniquestotranslatepassivesentencesinEnglishintoactivevoiceinChinese,canChinesetranslationsbesmootherandconformertoChineseexpressions.

KeyWords:

passivevoice，scientificEnglish，translation

CONTENTS

I.Introduction1

II.TheApplicationofPassiveVoiceinEST.2

2.1BriefintroductiontotechnologyEnglish3

2.2TheroleofpassivevoiceinscientificEnglish4

III.TheTranslationofthePassiveVoiceinEST4

3.1Principlesoftranslation4

3.2TranslationSkillsofPassiveVoiceinScientificEnglish7

IV.Conclusion8

WorksCited10

I.Introduction

ScienceandtechnologyEnglishfocusedondescribingthefactsandreasoning."Objectivelytrueandaccurateexpression"isthesoulofscientificarticles.Scientistsandtechnicalworkersaremorelikelytousethepassivevoice,andnottomentionaspecificperson.AsJ.Perlmuttersaid,"sciencewriterwritingtextundidpersonalfeelings,leavinghimselfinthepositionofthebackground,whichisverytraditional,excludingpersonalpronouns,andstressedthatworks."EnglishforscienceandtechnologyisanimportanttechnologyintheEnglishstyle.Englishexpositionandargumentationbasedonscienceandtechnology,isthebasiccharacteristicsofEnglishforscienceandtechnologysuchastheextensiveuseoftechnologyjargon,thesinglesemanticandrigorous.Englishwords,Inadditiontothelargenumberofprofessionalterms,Englishforscienceandtechnologyalsousessomeclassicsentences.Accordingtostatistics,aboutathirdofScienceandTechnologyEnglishtextusethepassivevoice.

First,theintroductionofpassivevoice

1.1Useofpassivevoice

（A）Theuseofpassivevoice

Passivevoiceisnotasimplevarianttotheactivevoice,althoughitcanreplacetheactivevoice,withoutchangingthemeaningofthesentence.Usetheactivevoiceorpassivevoicedependingontheobjectthatwewanttoemphasize.Inanactivesentence,thedoeristhefocus.Butinthepassivesentence,moverbecomesthefocus.

Therefore,thepassivevoiceisagrammartoolsthattransformtheobjectoftransitiveverbintothesubject,inordertoemphasizetheobject.Passivevoiceishighlightedbythemover.

1.2languagefeaturesofPassiveVoice

Voicereferstotherelationshipbetweensubjectandpredicateinasentence.Onlytransitiveverbscanbeusedinpassivevoice.

PassiveVoiceconsistsofthe"be"verbandthepastparticipleofthetransitiveverb.Thefollowingsentencescanshowtherelationshipandthecommonsentencepatternbetweentheactiveandpassivevoiceandthegeneralpassivevoice,theprogresspassivevoiceandthecompletepassivevoice.

Thebutteriskepthere.（generalpassivevoice）

Yourcanisbeingrepairedbyamachine.（progresspassivevoice）

II.TheApplicationofPassiveVoiceinEST.

Asmentionedabove,passivevoiceiswidelyusedinscientificEnglish.Thisisnotonlybecausethepassivesentenceismoreobjective,butalsobecauseofthesyntacticfeaturesofscienceandtechnologyEnglish.

Thepassivevoiceisabasicpartingrammar,andeasytolearn.TheuseofalargenumberofpassivevoiceinscienceandtechnologyEnglish，isnotinpursuitofartisticbeautyofthelanguage,butinpursuitofobjectiveandconcisethenarrative,rigorousstructure,thetranslatorshouldenhancethereaderimpressedthethingandgetridofunnecessarythings.AccordingfromLeedsJohnSwalestheStatisticsUniversity,atleast1/3predicatesinscienceandtechnologyEnglishisdynamic.Thisisbecausethescientificarticlesfocusonnarrativereasoning,emphasizingtheobjectiveandaccurate.Theinvolvementofthefirstperson,willcauseasubjectiveimpression.Sotrytousethethirdpersonnarration,andthepassivevoice.Forexample:

whenwesay,attentionmustbepaidtotheworkingtemperatureofthemachine.（workingtemperatureofthemachine）,andyouwillpayattentiontotheworkingtemperatureofthemachine.（youmustpayattentiontotheworkingtemperatureofthemachine）.Inaddition,themaininformationoftechnologywillbeplacedinfront,asthesubject.

InordertounderstandbettertheroleofpassivevoiceinscientificEnglish,weshouldbefamiliarwiththeuse,functionandcharacteristicsofscienceandtechnologyEnglishfirst.

2.1BriefIntroductiontoTechnologyEnglish

2.1.1LanguageFeaturesoftechnologyEnglish

Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyandthegradualdeepeningofglobaleconomicintegration,theimportanceofscientificandtechnologicalEnglishhasbecomeincreasinglyprominent.UnlikeordinaryEnglish,scienceandtechnologythinkingisnotemotional,butobjective.Itmakesiteasierforthereadertounderstandtheoriginaltextwithouttheneedfortoomuchimagination.Becauseofthenatureofscienceandtechnologyandscientificstyleoftranslationstandards,thepassivevoiceiswidelyusedinscientifictexttranslation.ThepassivevoiceinEnglishforscienceandtechnologywasusedinhighfrequency,therefore,thepassivevoicetranslationisavitalpart.TechnologyEnglishisanEnglishthatthewordisnotlimited,buthasitsownuniquestyle,itsowncharacteristics.Thefollowingisthelanguagefeaturesofscienceandtechnology:

2.1.2LexicalFeaturesofScientificEnglish

Alotofprofessionalterms.Themeaningofthoseprofessionaltermsisrelativelyspecific,soitiseasytounderstandintranslationpractice.

Nominalizationtrend.Nominalizationcanhelpreducetheuseofclausessothatthearticlecanbeclearer,moreintuitive,andobjective.

2.1.3SyntacticFeaturesofScientificEnglish

Extensiveuseofpassivevoice.ThepurposeoftechnologyEnglishistodescribethings,phenomenaorprocesses.Itsconcernisthethingitself,itdoesnotneedtopayattentiontotheactor.Theuseofpassivevoicewillmakethereaderconcernedabouttheobject,sothattheycanfocusontheiranalysisandresearch,whichinthetechnicalEnglishisverynecessary.

Usecomplexlongsentences.ItisnecessarytoexpresscloselyrelatedconceptsinscientificEnglish,andatthesametime,scienceandtechnologyemphasizesrigorousreasoningandaccuratedescription,whichwillinevitablyusecomplexlongsentences.

Useconditionalsentencesandellipses.QuotationsandassumptionsareoftenusedinscientificEnglish,resultinginextensiveuseofconditionalsentences.Inordertomakethelanguagemoreconcise,usuallyusetheomittedsentence.

2.1.4Theimpactofpassivevoiceonthesefeatures

Asshownabove,scienceandtechnologythinkingisnotemotional,notdopingindividualactor,butisobjective,sotheuseofthevoiceshouldalsobeobjective.Passivevoiceisoftenusedtoexpressobjectivefacts.Intheexpression,thethirdpersoncanbeavoided,whichwillensuretheobjectivityofthesentence.

Therefore,theuseofpassivelanguageinscientificEnglishcanensurethatitsexpressionisobjective.Ontheotherhand,italsomakesthelanguagefeaturesofscienceandtechnologymoreobvious.

2.2TheRoleofPassiveVoiceinScientificEnglish

PassivevoiceisacommongrammaticalphenomenoninscientificEnglish.ForeignlinguistQuirkRandolphhaspointedoutthatatleastonethirdofverbsinphysical,chemicalandengineeringbooksusepassivevoice.Passivevoicecanbebetterthantheactivevoicetodescribetheobject,thatis,theobjectonthesentenceisthemostimportantseattoattractmoreattention.Atthesametime,thepassivevoicedoesnothavesubjectivityactivevoice.Ingeneral,passivevoiceismoreimportantinsettingthemes,linkingtext,andhighlightingandcomparinginformation.

Bycomparingwiththeactivevoice,we