smoking.docx

smoking.docx

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smoking

1Therearenumeroussolutionsproposedbyhealthdepartment

toreducetheincreasingnumberofsmokersandtheresultinghealthproblems

Smokingisincreasinglybeingpickedupasahabitbytheyouth. Thishabitriskstheirlifeandmakesthempronetodreadfuldiseases.Worldwide,atotalof3millionpeopleayear,dieonaccountofcigarettesmoking.Inmanycountriessmokinginpublicplacesisbanned.Peoplearenotallowedtosmokeincafe,pubs,andrestaurants.InNorwaytobaccoadvertisinghasbeenbannedforthirtyyears.Apackofcigarettesalsocosts£6.Oneineverythreepeopleispronetotobaccorelateddeaths.

InCanadatherearegraphicimages,oncigarettepackets,thatshowthedamagetotheinternalorgansonaccountofsmoking.Theseimageswarnsmokersabouttheilleffectsofsmoking.InIreland,strictanti-smokinglegislationhasbeenintroduced,todiscouragesmoking.Differentcountrieshaveuseddifferentmethodstobansmokinginpublicplaces.Itisnecessarythatcountriespassantismokinglegislationandpassstrictrulesandregulationstocurbsmoking.Thereareanumberofadvantagesgainedbybanningsmokinginpublicplaces.Thiswillhelpgovernmentalagenciestodealeffectivelywithairpollutionandhealth.Itwillalsohelpcountriestoearnmoneyfromthefinesleviedonpeoplewhosmoke.Theprocesswillhelptoreducesmokingrelateddiseasesanddeathswhichareathreattothosewhosmoke.Itwillalsopromotecleanairandgoodhealthamongpeople.

InIreland,regionalhealthboardsaretryingtoenforcepublicbans,buttheyarefacinganuphilltask.Banningcigarettesmokingisnoteasy.Forthisgovernmentmustbepreparedtotakeextrememeasures.Thebanmustbeimplementedinaveryorganizedmanner.Ifdonesopubscanbemade80%smoke-free.

Businesshousescanalsoplayanimportantroleinbanningsmoking.PrintandTVcanalsobeusedeffectivelytopromoteadvertisingofhealtheffectscausedduetosmoking.Abanonsmokinginpublicplaceswillcreateawarenessaboutrightsandtheproperuseoftheirfreedom.Itwillalsohelpthecitizenstoknowabouttheserioushealthhazardssmokingcancause.

2ScienceDaily（Sep.22,2009）—Publicsmokingbansappeartosignificantlyreducetheriskofheartattacks,particularlyamongyoungerindividualsandnonsmokers,accordingtoanewstudypublishedintheSeptember29,2009,issueoftheJournaloftheAmericanCollegeofCardiology.Researchersfindthatsmokingbanscanreducethenumberofheartattacksbyasmuchas26percentperyear.

"Evenbreathinginlowdosesofcigarettesmokecanincreaseone'sriskofheartattack,"saidDavidMeyers,M.D.,M.P.H.,professorofCardiologyandPreventiveMedicine,UniversityofKansasSchoolofMedicineandleadinvestigatorofthestudy,whichisthemostcomprehensiveanalysisofrelatedstudiestodate."Publicsmokingbansseemtobetremendouslyeffectiveinreducingheartattackand,theoretically,mightalsohelptopreventlungcancerandemphysema,diseasesthatdevelopmuchmoreslowlythanheartattacks.Thecardiacbenefitsincreasedwithlongerbanduration."

Accordingtoprojectionsbytheauthors,anationwidebanonpublicsmokingcouldpreventasmanyas154,000heartattackseachyear.Thesefindingsareparticularlyimportantinlightofmountingevidencethatsecond-handsmokeexposureisnearlyasharmfultotheheartaschronicactivesmoking.Directsmokingdoublestheriskofheartattack.Secondhandsmokeincreasestheriskby30percent.

"Interestingly,publicsmokingbanshadastrongereffectinreducingheartattacksamongwomenandyoungerindividuals,whichmaybeexplained,inpart,becauseyoungerpeopletendtofrequentclubs,restaurantsandbarswheresmokingisalikelypartofthesocialscene,"saidDr.Meyers."Heavilyexposedpeoplelikethoseworkingintheentertainmentorhospitalityindustriesarelikelytoaccruethegreatestbenefitfromsmokingbans."

Dr.Meyersaddsthatsmokingremainstheleadingpreventableriskfactorforheartattack.Secondhandsmokeisthoughttoincreasethelikelihoodofaheartattackbymakingtheblood"sticky"andmorepronetoclotting,reducingtheamountof"good"（HDL）cholesterolinthebody,andputtingindividualsatgreaterriskfordangerousheartrhythms,amongotherfactors.

Thegoodnewsisthatthebeneficialeffectsofsmokingbansappeartobefairlyimmediate,withdeclinesinreportedheartattackcaseswithin3months.Theimpactofbanswasstrengthenedifcompliancewasgood,ifbaselinesmokingprevalencewaslowandifairqualitywasgood.

"Severalyearsago,theideathatsecondhandsmokewasharmfultotheheartwasatheoryandonewithsomecontroversyattached,butthisarticlemovesusfromthetheoreticaltofactandtopractice.Thereductioninheartattacksassociatedwithpublicsmokingbansisabigdeal,"saidStevenSchroeder,M.D.,director,SmokingCessationLeadershipCenterUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco."Whilecardiologistsroutinelyscreenforlipiddisordersandhighbloodpressure,theyalsoneedtobecomevigilantaboutaskingpatientsabouttobaccouseandsecondhandsmokeexposureandprovidecounselingasneeded."

Drs.MeyersandSchroederencourageclinicianstosupportcommunitysmokingbansandothertobaccocontrolmeasuresincludingtaxincreasesoncigarettes,expandedcessationservicesincludingtelephonequitlinesandeducationalcampaigns.Sofar,bansonsmokinginpublicplacesandworkplaceshavebeeninstitutedin32statesandmanycitiesacrossthecountry.AstheUnitedStatesincreasinglyinstitutespoliciestoprotectnonsmokersfromsecondhandsmoke,authorssaytheseeffortswillyieldgreatpublichealthbenefitsintheformofreduceddisease,disabilityanddeaths.

Theresearchersperformedasystematicreviewandmeta-analysisof10reportsfrom11geographiclocationsintheUnitedStates（MT,CO,NY,IN,OH）,CanadaandEuropetocomparetheratesofheartattacksbeforeandafterpublicsmokingbanswereinstituted.Collectively,thestudiesinvolved24millionpeopleandobservationsoftheeffectofthebansrangedfromtwomonthstothreeyears.

3Asmoker's（poor）choiceshouldnotaffectthehealthofothers.

Secondhandsmokecontainshundredsoftoxicchemicalsincludingarsenicammonia,hydrogencyanide,formaldehyde,benzene,andvinylchloride.Itisknowntocausecancer,coronaryheartdisease,andrespiratoryproblems.Thereisnorisk-freelevelofexposuretosecondhandsmoke.

Nonsmokersshouldnotbesubjectedtothisdisgustinghabit.

Wantingtobansmokinginpublicplacesisn'tabouttakingawayasmoker'srights.Youwillstillhavetherighttosmokeinyourownspace.Therighttoslowlyanddeliberatelyharmotherswasneveryourstobeginwith.

Mycousindiedthreeyearsagofromsecondhandsmoking.Herfault?

Workinginanofficefullofsmokers.Thesmokersarestillaround,sheisdeadafterbeingbedriddenwithapitiful,metastasizinganddeadlylungcancer.

Myanswertothedebateifsmokinginpublicplacesshouldbeallowedcomesloudandclear.Smokingshouldnotonlybeprohibitedbutratherstrictlyprohibitedfromanypublicplace.

Weliveinacivilizedworldwhereanyharmdonetoanotherpersonwillresultwithapenalty.Letslookatitthisway,amanisdrivingundertheinfluenceofalcohol/drugs.Everybodyknowsthathisdrivingispotentiallygoingtoinjureorkillaninnocentonthestreet.Sowhathappens?

Duetothedangerinvolved,drivingundertheinfluenceisprohibitedandstiffpenaltiesasaconsequencewillarise.

Iknowthatsmokinginpublicanddrivingundertheinfluencearetwodifferentscenarios,butafterallwhatarethedifferences?

Thedrunkdrivermaycauseacrashandinjureorkillimmediately,thesecondhandsmokermaycausecancerandinjureorkill,butonlyyearslater.Timingistheonlydifference,astheyarebothiffycircumstances,thedrivermaycauseacrash,thesmokermaycausecancer.Thereisirresponsibilityanddisregardforothersinbothinstances.

Nowthinkingofit,Iamprettysuremycousinwouldhaveratherdiedswiftlyinacaraccidentratherthanseeingherbodydeterioratebeforehereyes.

Afterall,ifwethinkofit,whoallowssmokinginpublicplaces?

Justahandfulofgreedyemployers-（maybesmokersthemselves）-andbusinessownersthatonlycareaboutmakingmoneyandcarelessaboutotherpeople'swellbeing.

3OntarioandQuebecgovernmentshaverecentlysetupalawagainstsmokinginpublicplaces,includingrestaurants,pubs,orclubs.Agreeordisagreewiththislaw.Explainyouranswers.

Doyouliketosmellthestrongcigarettesmokeatrestaurants?

Doyouliketositnearbyasmoker?

Ifyouanswer"no"（should"n"becapitalized?

）tothesequestions,youwillbegladtoseethatalaw,whichbanssmokinginallpublicplaces,hasbeensetupinQuebecandOntario,andItotallyagreetothislaw.Itisbecausethislawisbeneficialtonon-smokers,smokers,andbusinessownersthatIagreetoit.

Ontheonehand,prohibitingsmokinginpublicplacesprovidesahealthyenvironmentfornon-smokersandchildren.Manypeople,includingme,arenotcigarettesmokers.Mostofushatetoinhalesecond-handsmokeemittedbysmokers,soweoftenhavetoholdourbreathwhilepassingthroughcloudsofnoxiousfumes.Afterthislawisestablished,wedonotneedtoworryaboutbeingpoisonedbysecond-handsmokeanymore.

Ontheotherhand,inconsequenceofrestrictingcigaretteaddicts'smokingplace,smokersmaysmokelessfrequentlythantheyusedto.Asaresult,theirhealthcan（be?

）improvedgradually.Infact,ACanadianHealthMagazinehasshownifsmokershavestoppedsmokingfortwenty-fourhours,theirbloodpressurewillre