英语六级.docx

英语六级.docx

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英语六级

2008年6月大学英语六级考试试题及参考答案

PartⅠ（30minutes）

注意：

此部分试题在答题卡1上

PartⅡ ReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（15minutes）

Directions:

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD.Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

Whatwilltheworldbelikeinfiftyyears?

Thisweeksometopscientists,includingNobelPrizewinners,gavetheirvisionofhowtheworldwilllookin2056,frongas-poweredcarstoextraordinaryhealthadvances,JohnInghamreportsonwhattheworld’sfinestmindsbelieveourfutureswillbe.

Forthoseofusluckyenoughtolivethatlong,2056willbeaworldofalmostperpetualyouth,whereobesityisaremotememoryandrobotsbecomeourcompanions.

Wewillberubbingshoulderswithaliensandcolonizingouterspace.Betterstill,ourdescendantsmightatlastliveinaworldatpeacewithitself.

Thepredictionisthatwewillhavefoundasourceofinexbaustible,safe,greenenergy,andthatsciencewillhavekilledoffreligion.Iftheyarerightwewillhaveremovedtwoofthemaincausesofwar-ourdependenceonoilandreligiousprejudice.

Willwereally,astoday’sscientistsclaim,beabletoliveforeveroratleastcheattheageingprocesssothattheaveragepersonlivesto150?

Ofcourse,allthesepredictionscomewithascientifichealthwarning.HarvardprofessorStevenPinkersays:

“Thisisaninvitationtolookfoolish,aswiththepredictionsofdomedcitiesandnuclear-poweredvacuumcleanersthatweremade50yearago.”

Livinglonger

AnthonyAtala,directoroftheWakeForestInstituteinNorthCarolina,belivesfailingorganswillberepairedbyinjectingcellsintothebody.Theywillnaturallytostraighttotheinjuryandhelphealit.Asystemofinjectionswithoutneedlescouldalsoslowtheageingprocessbyusingthesameprocessto“tune”cells.

BruceLahn,professorofhumangeneticsattheUniversityofChicago,anticipatestheabilitytoproduce“unlimitedsupplies”oftransplantablehumanorganswithouttheneededaneworgan,suchaskidney,thesurgeonwouldcontactacommercialorganproducer,givehimthepatient’simmuno-logicalprofileandwouldthenbesentakidneywiththecorrecttissuetype.

Theseorganswouldbeentirelycomposedofhumancells,grownbyintroducingthemintoanimalhosts,andalloweingthemtodeveoopintoandorganinplaceoftheanimal’sown.ButProf.Lahnbelievesthatfarmedbrainswouldbe“offlimits”.Hesays:

“Veryfewpeoplewouldwanttohavetheirbrainsreplacedbysomeoneelse’sandweprobablydon’twanttoputahumanbrainingananimalbody.”

RichardMiller,aprofessorattheUniversityofMichigan,thinksscientistcoulddevelop“anthenticanti-ageingdrugs”byworkingouthowcellsinlargeranimalssuchaswhalesandhumanresistmanyformsofinjuries.Hesays:

“It’sisnowroutine,inlaboratorymammals,toextendlifespanbyabout40%.Turningonthesameprotectivesystemsinpeopleshould,by2056,createthefirstclassof100-year-oldswhoareasvigorousandproductiveastoday’speopleintheir60s”

Aliens

ConlinPillinger,professorofplanerarysciencesattheOpenUniversity,says:

”IfancythatatleastwewillbeabletoshowthatlifedidistarttoevolveonMarswellasEarth.”Within50yearshehopesscientistswillprovethatalienlifecamehereinMartianmeteorites（陨石）.

ChrisMcKay,aplanetaryscientistatNASA’sAmesResearchCenter.believesthatin50yearswemayfindevidenceofalienlifeinancientpermanentforstofMarsoronotherplaners.

Headds:

”ThereisevenachancewewillfindalienlifeformshereonEarth.ItmightbeasdifferentasEnglishistoChinese.

PricetonprofessorFreemanDysonthinksit“likely”thatlifeformouterspacewillbediscovereddefore2056becausethetoolsforfindingit,suchasopticalandradiodetectionanddataprocessing,areimproving.

Heays:

”Assoonasthefirstevidenceisfound,wewillknowwhattolookforandadditionaldiscoveriesarelikelytofollowquickly.Suchdiscoveriesarelikelytohaverevolutionaryconsequencesforbiology,astronomyandphilosophy.Theymaychangethewaywelookatourselvesandourplaceintheuniverse.

Coloniesinspace

RichardGottprofessorofastrophysicsatPrinceton,hopesmanwillsetupaself-sufficientcolonyonMars,whichwouldbea“lifeinsurancepolicyagainstwhatevercatastrophes,naturalorotherwise,mightoccuronEarth.

“TherealspaceraceiswhetherwewillcoloniseoffEarthontootherworldsbeforemoneyforthespaceprogrammerunsout.”

Spinalinjuries

EllenHeber-Katz,aprofessorattheWistarInstitudeinPhiladelphia,foreseescuresforinijuriescausingparalysissuchastheonethatafflicatedSupermanstarChristopherReeve.

Shesays:

”Ibelievethatthedayisnotfaroffwhenwewillbeabletoprofescribedrugsthatcauseseveres（断裂的）spinalcordstoheal,heartstoregenerateandlostlimbstoregrow.

“Peoplewillcometoexpectthatinjuredordiseasedorgansaremeanttoberepairedfromwithin,inmuchthesamewaythatwefixanapplianceorautomobile:

byreplancingthedamagedpartwithamanufacturer-certifiednewpart.”Shepredictthatwithin5to10yearsfingersandtoeswillberegrownandlimbswillstarttoberegrownafewyearslater.Repariestothenervoussystemwillstartwithopticnervesand,intime,thespinalcord.”Within50yearswholebodyreplacementwillberoutine,”Prof.Heber-Katzadds.

Obesity

SydneyBrenner,seniordistinguishedfellowoftheCrick-JacobsCenterinCalifornia,wonthe2002NoblelPrizeforMedicineandsaysthatifthereisaglobaldisastersomehumanswillsurvive-andevolitionwillfavoursmallpeoplewithbodieslargeenoughtosupporttherequiredamountofbrainpower.”Obesity,”hesays.”willhavebeensolved.”

Robots

RodneyBrooks,professorofroboticeatMIT,saystheproblemsofdevelopingartificialintelligenceforrobotswillbeatleastpartlyovercome.Asaresult,”thepossibilitiesforrobotsworkingwithpeoplewillopenupimmensely”

Energy

BillJoy,greentechnologyexpertinCalifomia,says:

”Themostsignificantbreakthroughtwouldbetohaveaninexhaustiblesourceofsafe,greenenergythatissubstantiallycheaperthananyexistingenergysource.”

Ideally,suchasourcewouldbesafeinthatitcouldnotbemadeintoweaponsandwouldnotmakehazardousortoxicwasteorcarbondioxide,themaingreenhousegasblamedforglobalwarming. 

Society

  GeoffreyMiller,evolutionarypsychologistattheUniversityofNewMexico,says:

”TheUSwillfollowtheUKinrealizingthatreligionisnoraprerequisite（前提）forordinaryhumandecency.

  “This,sciencewillkillreligion-notbyreasonchallengingfaithbutbyofferingamorepractical,uniwersalandrewardingmoralframeworkforhumaninteraction.”

  Healsopredictsthat“ahsurdlywasteful”displaysofwealthwillbecomeumfashionablewhiletheimportanceofclose-knitcommunitiesandfamilieswillbecomeclearer.

  Thesetherechanger,hesays,willhelpmakeusall”brighe\ter,wiser,happierandkinder”.

注意：

此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1.Whatisjohnlngham’sreportabout?

A）Asolutiontotheglobalenergycrisis

B）Extraordinaryadvancesintechnology.

C）Thelatestdevelopmentsofmedicalscience

D）Scientists’visionoftheworldinhalfacentury

2. AccordingtoHarvardprofessorStevenPinker,predictionsaboutthefuture_____.

  A）mayinvitetrouble

  B）maynotcometrue

  C）willfoolthepublic

  D）domoreharmthangood

3.ProfessorBruceLahnoftheUniversityofChicagopredictsthat____.

  A）humanswon’thavetodonateorgansfortransplantation

  B）morepeoplewilldonatetheirorgansfortransplantation

  C）animalorganscouldbetransplantedintohumanbodies

  D）organtransplantationwon’tbeasscaryasitistoday

4.AccordingtoprofessorRichardMilleroftheUniversityofMichigarr,proplewill____.

  A）lifeforaslongastheywish

  B）berelievedfromallsufferings

  C）lifeto100andmorewithvitality

  D）beabletolivelongerthanwhales

5.PricetonprofessorFreemanSysonthinksthat____.

A）scientistswillfindalienlifesimilartoours

B）humanswillbeabletosettleonMars

C）alienlifewilllikelybediscovered

D）lifewillstarttoevolveonMars

6.AccordingtoPrincetonprofessorRichardGott,bysettingupaself-sufficientcolonyonMars,

Humans_____.

Mightsurvieallcatastrophesonearth

Mightacquireamplenaturalresources

WillbeabletotraveltoMarsfreely

Willmo\vetheretoliveabetterlife

7.EllenHeber-Katz,professorattheWistarInstitueinPhiladelpia,predictsthat_____.

A）humanorganscanbumanufacturedlikeappliances

B）peoplewillbeasstronganddymamicassupermen

C）humannervescanbereplancedbyopticfibers

D）lostfingersandlimbswillbeabletoregrow

8.rodneyBrookssaysthatitwillbepossibleforrobotstoworkwithhumansasaresultorthedevelopmentof__artificaialintelligenceforrobots_____

9.ThemostsignificantbreakthroughpredictedbyBilljoywillbeaninexhaustiblegreenenergysourcethatcan’tbeusedtomake__pollutions___________

10AccordingtoGeoffreyMiller,sciencewillofferamorepractical,universalandrewardingmoralframeworkinplaceof_________religion_______

PartIII           ListeningComprehension      （35minutes）

SectionA

Directions:

 Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarke