高考英语二轮复习之阅读理解典型技巧高效练 典型.docx
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高考英语二轮复习之阅读理解典型技巧高效练典型
典型技巧13主线确定文章的标题
【考情角度】
考情分析
社会与文化类说明文,结构层次较为分明,常见的文章结构是总分或总分总结构。
中间段会利用事例进一步说明。
考查角度
常考查细节理解题、主旨大意题、词义理解题和标题归纳题等。
【真题再现】(2019·全国卷Ⅲ·B) 主题语境:
社会与文化
ForWesterndesigners,ChinaanditsrichculturehavelongbeenaninspirationforWestern
.
“It'snosecretthatChinahasalwaysbeenasource(来源)ofinspirationfordesigners,”saysAmandaHill,chiefcreativeofficeratA+ENetworks,aglobalmediacompanyandhometosomeofthebiggestfashion(时尚)shows。
Earlierthisyear,theChinaThroughALookingGlassexhibitioninNewYorkexhibited140piecesofChina.inspiredfashionableclothingalongsideChineseworksofart,withtheaimofexploringtheinfluenceofChineseaesthetics(美学)onWesternfashionandhowChinahas
thefashionableimaginationforcenturies。
Theexhibitionhadrecord
showingthatthereishugeinterestinChineseinfluences。
“Chinaisimpossibleto
,”saysHill。
“Chinesemodelsarethefacesofbeautyandfashioncampaignsthatselldreamstowomenallovertheworld,whichmeansChinese_women_are_not_just_consumers_of_fashion—theyarecentraltoitsmovement。
”Ofcourse,notonlyaretoday’stopWesterndesignersbeinginfluencedbyChina-someofthebestdesignersof
fashionarethemselvesChinese。
“VeraWang,AlexanderWang,JasonWuaretaking_onGallianoAlbaz,MarcJacobs—andbeatingthemhandsdownindesignandsales,"addsHill。
ForHill,itisimpossiblenottotalkaboutChinaastheleadingplayerwhendiscussingfashion.“ThemostfamousdesignersareChinese,soarethemodels,andsoaretheconsumers,”shesays.“Chinaisnolongerjustanothermarket;inmanysensesithasbecomethemarket.Ifyoutalkaboutfashiontoday,youaretalkingaboutChina-itsinfluences,itsdirection,its
clothes,andhowyoungdesignersandmodelsarefinally
thatinmanyways。
”
1.Whatcanwelearnaboutthe
?
A。
Itpromotedthesalesofartworks.
B.Itattractedalargenumberofvisitors。
C.ItshowedancientChineseclothes.
D.ItaimedtointroduceChinesemodels。
2.WhatdoesHillsayabout
?
A。
Theyaresettingthefashion.
B.Theystartmanyfashioncampaigns.
C.Theyadmiresupermodels.
D.Theydobusinessallovertheworld.
3。
Whatdotheunderlinedwords“takingon”inparagraph4mean?
A.Learningfrom.B。
Lookingdownon。
C。
Workingwith。
D.Competingagainst.
4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
A。
YoungModelsSellingDreamstotheWorld
B。
AChineseArtExhibitionHeldinNewYork
C.DifferencesbetweenEasternandWesternAesthetics
D.ChineseCultureFuelingInternationalFashionTrends
答案与解析:
1。
B 2。
A 3.D 4。
D
1。
由题干关键词exhibitioninNewYork定位文章第三段,寻读并定位关键信息recordattendance可确定答案.
2。
根据题干关键词Chinesewomen导读原文,Hill对Chinesewomen的评价,定位第4段中破折号后内容“centraltoitsmovement”,由此可判断出答案.
3.根据下文的beatingthemhandsdown可准确猜出词义.
4.文章第一段就是主旨句,下文围绕其展开说明,举例也是为了说明此点。
【技巧释义】循文章主线定最佳标题
►循主线定标题,首次肯定中国文化是西方设计师的创意素材(第1~2段)
►举例说明(第3~4段)
《镜花水月》展览参观人数创历史新高(可解第1题)
►Hill列举王薇薇(VeraWang)、王大仁(AlexanderWang)和吴秀刚(JasonWu)在设计和销售额方面击败西方顶级设计师(可解第3题)
►再次肯定中国文化在国际时尚领域的影响:
引领潮流(第5段)
【词汇积累】
overlookvt.忽略;俯瞰
contemporaryadj。
当代的
breathtakingadj.引人入胜的
acknowledgevt.认可
attendancen.出勤率
creativen.创意
fuel
【技巧演练】(建议用时:
45分钟)
1
Onewaytodivideuptheworldisbetweenpeoplewholiketoexplorenewpossibilitiesandthosewhosticktothetriedandtrue。
Infact,thetensionbetweenbettingonasurethingandtakingachancethatsomethingunexpectedandwonderfulmighthappentroubleshumanandnonhumananimalsalike.
Takesongbirds,forexample.Thehalf—dozenfinches(雀)restingatmydeskfeederallsummerknowexactlywhatthey'llfindthere:
blacksunflowerseed,andlotsofit。
Meanwhile,thewarblers(莺)exploringthewoodsnearbydon'tdependonthispredictablefoodsourceinfineweather。
Asfoodhunters,theyenjoylessexposuretopredatorsand,asabonus,thechancetomeettheperfectmateflyingfromtreetotree.
This”explore-exploit"trade-off(权衡)haspromptedscoresoflabstudies,computersimulationsandalgorithms(算法)tryingtodeterminewhichstrategybringsinthegreatestreward。
Nowanewstudyofhumanbehaviorintherealworld,publishedlastmonthinthejournalNatureCommunications,showsthatingoodtimes,thereisn'tmuchofadifferencebetweenpursuingnoveltyandstickingtothestatusquo(原状)Whenthegoinggetstough,however,explorersarethewinners.
Thenewstudy,ledbyShayO'FarrellandJamesSanchirico,bothoftheUniversityofCalifornia,Davis,alongwithOrrSpiegelofTelAvivUniversity,examinedtheroutesandresultsofnearly2,500commercialfishingtripsintheGulfofMexicooveraperiodof2。
5years。
Thestudyfocusedon"bottomlongline"fishing,asystemwherehundredsoflinesareattachedtoahorizontalbarthatisthenloweredtoreachtheseabed。
Dr.O’Farrellexplainedtheprocedurethisway:
Gotoalocationandputthelinedown.Stayforafewhours。
Thelinesareamilelongandhaveabuoy(浮标)ateitherend。
Whentheypullthatup,theyassessthecatch,andthendecideiftheywillstayormoveontoadifferentspot.
Overtwoyearsofcollectingdataundervariousclimateconditions,theresearchersdiscoveredthatthefishermenwerefairlyconsistent。
”Theexploiterswouldgotoasmallersetoflocationsoverandover,andgowithwhattheyknow,"Dr.O'Farrellsaid.Theexplorerswouldconstantlytryawiderrange;they'dsamplenewplaces。
Inthelongrun,therewasn’tahugedifferenceinpayoffsbetweenthetwogroups,perhapsduetothesharinginformationbetweenfishingcrews,saidDr。
O’Farrell。
Butinchallengingtimes,thestudy’smessagewasclear:
”Youcantrynewthingsinthefaceofuncertainty。
"
1.Theauthortakesthesongbirdasanexampletoindicatethat_____。
A.likebirds,humanstendtobesatisfiedwiththepredictable
B。
somebirdsareusedtolookingforfoodinsteadofbeingfed
C。
thereexisttheconservativeandtheadventurouslikehumans
D.birdschoosedifferentwaystolookforfoodindifferentweather
2.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,peoplewhomastered"explore—exploit”trade—off_____.
A。
willchooseeithertopursuenoveltyorkeepthestatusquo
B.arereadytoriskintimeofdifficulty
C。
willbetoughingoodtimesandbadtimes
D.willgrowtobeexpertsinlabstudies
3.WhichcanbeinferredfromthenewstudyledbyShayO'FarrellandJamesSanchirico?
A.Thetwogroupsreacttotheunexpecteddifferently.
B.The”explore-exploit”trade—offhelpsscientificresearchalot.
C。
Theexploitersareusedtofishingbasedsolelyontheirexperience。
D.Theexplorerstendtoachievemorethantheexploitersinthelongrun.
4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforpassage?
A。
HowtheExploiterdiffersfromtheExplorer
B.HowtoBecomeaProductiveFisherman
C.Whatis"Explore-Exploit”Trade-off
D.Whentotakerisksmatters
【答案】1。
C2.B3。
A4.D
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。
短文介绍了上个月发表在《自然通讯》杂志上的一项关于人类在现实世界中行为的新研究表明,在稳定时期,追求新奇与坚持现状没有太大区别,但在充满挑战的时期,面对不确定性,人们更应该尝试新事物,冒险者才是赢家。
1.推理判断题。
根据第一段“Infact,thetensionbetweenbettingonasurethingandtakingachancethatsomethingunexpectedandwonderfulmighthappentroubleshumanandnonhumananimalsalike。
”可知,事实上,在确定的事情上下注和冒险一些意想不到的美妙事情可能发生之间的紧张关系困扰着人类和非人类动物。
根据第二段“Takesongbirds,forexample。
”以以鸣禽为例.由此判断出,作者以鸣禽为例,说明像人类一样保守和冒险在动物间也是存在的。
故选C项。
2。
推理判断题.根据第三段“This”explore-exploit"trade—off(权衡)haspromptedscoresoflabstudies,computersimulationsandalgorithms(算法)tryingtodeterminewhichstrategybringsinthegreatestreward.Whenthegoinggetstough,however,explorersarethewinners."可知,这种“探索-利用”的权衡促使了大量的实验室研究、计算机模拟和算法,试图确定哪种策略能带来最大的回报。
在充满挑战的时期,冒险者才是赢家。
由此判断出,掌握了“探索—利用”权衡的人,在困难时期随时准备冒险。
故选B项。
3.推理判断题。
根据第五段“Theexploiterswouldgotoasmallersetoflocationsoverandover,andgowithwhattheyknow,”Dr。
O'Farrellsaid.Theexplorerswouldconstantlytryawiderrange;they'dsamplenewplaces。
”可知,奥法雷尔博士说:
“这些开发者会一次又一次地去一个较小的地点,并按照他们所知道的去做。
探险家们会不断地尝试更广阔的范围;他们不断尝试新的地点。
由此判断出,两组人对未预料的事情的反应不同。
故选A项。
4.主旨大意题。
短文介绍了上个月发表在《自然通讯》杂志上的一项关于人类在现实世界中行为的新研究表明,在稳定时期,追求新奇与坚持现状没有太大区别,但在充满挑战的时期,面对不确定性,人们更应该尝试新事物,冒险者才是赢家。
所以短文的最佳标题为“何时冒险很重要”。
故选D项.
2
Faster,cheaper,better-technologyisonefieldmanypeoplerelyupontoofferavisionofabrighterfuture。
Butasthe2020sdawn,optimismisinshortsupply。
Thenewtechnologiesthatdominatedthepastdecadeseemtobemakingthingsworse.Socialmediaweresupposedtobringpeopletogether,buttheyarebetterknownforleakingprivacy。
E—commerce,ride—hailing(网约车)andthegigeconomy(零工经济)maybeconvenient,buttheyarechargedwithunderpayingworkers,worseninginequalityandblockingthestreetswithvehicles.
Today’spessimisticmoodiscenteredonsmartphonesandsocialmedia,whichtookoffadecadeago.Yetconcernsthatparticulartechnologiesmightbedoingmoreharmthangoodhavearisenbefore.The1920switnessedacriticismagainstcars,whichhadearlierbeenseenasananswertotheproblemscausedbyhorse—drawnvehicleswhichfilledthestreetswithnoiseandanimalwasteandcausedaccidents.Andindustrializationwascriticizedinthe19thcenturybyRomanticswhoworriedaboutthereplacementofskilledworkers,therobbingofthecountrysideandthesufferingoffactoryhands。
However,thatpessimismcanbeoverdone.Toooftenpeoplefocusonthedrawbacksofanewtechnologywhiletakingitsbenefitsforgranted.Worriesaboutscreentimeshouldbeweighedagainstthemuchmoresubstantialbenefitsofconvenientcommunicationandtheinstantaccesstoinformationandentertainmentthatsmartphonesmakepossible.AfurtherdangeristhatLuddite(反对技术进步者)effortstoavoidtheshort-termcostsassociatedwithanewtechnologywillendupdenyingaccesstoitslong—termbenefits—somethingCarlBenediktFrey,anOxfordacademic,callsa"technologyt