听力入门第三册 unit5.docx

听力入门第三册 unit5.docx

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听力入门第三册unit5

Unit5HealthandMedicine

PartIWarmingup

A1

1.ThisnewsitemisaboutasuccessfulbraintissuetransplantcarriedoutbyaSouthAfricansurgeon.

2.Thisnewsitemisaboutthediscoveryofanewwaytoincreasetheeffectivenessofchemotherapy.

3.Thisnewsitemisaboutthediscoveryofanewwaytotreatglaucoma.

4.Thisnewsitemisaboutanewresearchonwritingwhichshowsthatwritingcanresultinclinicallymeaningfuloutcomes.

or

Thisnewsitemisaboutanewresearchonwritingwhichshowsthatwritingcanhelppeoplewithchronicillnessesimprovetheirhealth.

5.Thisnewsitemisaboutthetheoryandfunctionofacupuncture.

A2

1.ThesurgerywasperformedaweekagoonapatientsufferingfromParkinson'sdisease.

2.Theeffectivenessofchemotherapycanbeincreasedbyinhibitinganaturaldefensemechanismemployedbycancercells.

3.Glaucomainvolvesthedeathofbraincells.

4.Thestudyaddstothegrowingamountofscientificliteraturesuggestingthatmeetingpatients’psychologicalneedsproducesphysicalhealthbenefits.

5.Oneofthekeybenefitsofacupunctureisthatithasfewsideeffectsandthatwhenusedwithstandarddrugtreatmentitallowsphysicianstocutbackonmedication.

Tapescript:

1.Theworld'sleadingtransplantsurgeon,DrChristopherBernard,hascarriedoutoneofthemostdifficultbraintissuetransplantsyetattempted.TheSouthAfricansurgeonhassucceededintransplantingtissuesintothehumanbraininwhatisthoughttobethefirstoperationofitskind.ThesurgerywasperformedaweekagoonapatientsufferingfromParkinson'sdisease.Aportionofthepatient'sadrenalglandwasimplantedintoapartofthepatient'sbrain,anoperationwhichhaspreviouslybeenperformedonlyonratsandmonkeys.

2.Approximatelya-thirdofallpeopledevelopcanceratonepointintheirlives.Chemotherapyhasitslimitations,butitisoneofthemajortreatmentoptions.SomeAmericanscientistshavediscoveredtheycanincreasetheeffectivenessofchemotherapybyinhibitinganaturaldefensemechanismemployedbycancercells.

3.Glaucomaisresponsibleforblindnessinanestimated67millionpeoplearoundtheworld.Untilnow,treatmentshavefocusedexclusivelyontheeyes.Butthatmaychangeinthenextfewyears,followingthediscoverythatglaucomainvolvesthedeathofbraincells.

4.Newresearchshowsthatthesimpleactofwritingdownthoughtsaboutastressfuleventcanhelppeoplewithchronicillnessesimprovetheirhealth.Thisisthefirststudytoshowthatwritingcanresultinclinicallymeaningfuloutcomesforchronically-illpatients.Thestudyaddstothegrowingamountofscientificliteraturesuggestingthatmeetingpatients'psychologicalneedsproducesphysicalhealthbenefits.

5.TraditionalChinesemedicinesaysthatgoodhealthisassociatedwiththebalanceofqi.Qicanbehinderedorhelpedbyyangandyin.Accordingtotraditionaltheory,thegoalofacupunctureistopromotetheflowofqibykeepingyinandyanginbalance-andthisisdonebyinsertingneedlesatvariouspointsalongprimarychannelsandmeridiansthatcrisscrossthebody.Oneofthekeybenefitsofacupunctureisthatithasfew,ifany,side-effects;andthatwhenusedwithstandarddrugtreatment--inanesthesia,forexampleitallowsphysicianstocutbackonmedication,deliveringthesamelevelofbenefitwithfewernegativeeffects.

B.

Tapescript.

l.GMO&GE

Basically,geneticmodificationiswhenascientistremovesagenethatcarriesparticularinstructionsforaparticularcharacteristicfromtheDNAofoneorganismandinsertsthatgeneintotheDNAofanother（sometimesverydifferent）organism.TheresultiscalledageneticallymodifiedorganismorGMO.ThistechnologyisalsoreferredtogenerallyasgeneticengineeringorGE.

2.Organic,Semi-organic

Organicgenerallyreferstofarmingusingnoartificialfertilizersorpestcontrolchemicals,andthefoodproducedbythisfanningmethod.Semi-organicmeansfarmingusingaslittleartificialfertilizers,etc.aspossible."Semi"means"half."

3.Transgenicorganisms

Transgenicorganismsarecreatedwhenashortsectionofgeneticmaterialfromanunrelatedspeciesisintroducedintoanotherspecies,forexample,animalgenestoaplant."Trans"means"goingacross."

4.Pharming

Apunonthewordforfarming.Itmeansusingfarmanimalssuchascows,goatsandpigs,thathavebeengeneticallychanged,toproducepharmaceuticaldrugs.Pharmingbeginningwitha"ph"ispronouncedthesameasfarmingbeginningwithan,,f.,,

5.Frankenstein

FrankensteinreferstothenovelofthatnamebyMaryWollstonecraftShelley（1797-1851）.Thenovelisaboutascientistwhocreatesasubhumancreaturethatendsupdestroyinghim.SoFrankensteinmeansany"creationthatendsupdestroyingthecreator."

C.

1.Your21stcenturyfuture

Thefutureisdeterminedbytheactionsofthepresentday.Theresponsibilitywehaveforthefuturebeginswhenwerecognizethatweourselvescreatethefuture-thatthefutureisnotsomethingimposeduponusbyfateorotherforcesbeyondourcontrol.

2.Your21stcenturydoctor

Moreandmoredoctorswillusecomputersformedicaldiagnosisandtreatmentinsteadoftheirtextbooks.Computersinyourhomewillenableyoutoanswerinteractivequestionsaboutyourhealthandshowthealternativeresultswhichwillaffectyouifyouactinacertainway.

3.Your21stcenturybrain

Yourbrainwavesmaybeusedtocheckoutwhetheryouarebusy,tired,ordoingyourworkproperly.Bossescouldmeasurebrainactivitythroughthescalpandtellwhetheraworkerisperformingwell,workinghard,ortootiredtodothejobproperly.Ongoingcomputeranalysiscouldtellwhetheraworkerisseeingalltheactivitytheyhavetomonitorclearlyenough.

Tapescript:

1.Your21stcenturyfuture

Thefuturewillnotdetermineitself.Thefutureisdeterminedbytheactionsofthepresentday.EdwardCornish,theeditorofTheFuturistmagazinepublishedbytheWorldFutureSociety,says,"Theresponsibilitywehaveforthefuturebeginswhenwerecognizethatweourselvescreatethefuture--thatthefutureisnotsomethingimposeduponusbyfateorotherforcesbeyondourcontrol."

2.Your21stcenturydoctor

Moreandmoredoctorswillusecomputersformedicaldiagnosisandtreatment.

Youwillvisityourdoctor,andfindthatheusesacomputerscreenandvisualinformationaboutyourconditioninsteadofhistextbooks.

Computersinyourhomewillenableyoutoanswerinteractivequestionsaboutyourhealthandshowthealternativeresultswhichwillaffectyouifyouactinacertainway.

3.Your21stcenturybrain

Yourbrainwavesmaybeusedtocheckoutwhetheryouarebusy,tired,ordoingyourworkproperly.

PsychologistArthurF.Kramer,attheUniversityofIllinois,testedvolunteersworkingonarithmeticproblems.Hefoundthathecouldpredicttheirperformancefromthestrengthofthebrain'selectricalactivity.Thisismeasuredthroughthescalp.

Thefuture?

Bossescouldmeasurebrainactivitythroughthescalpandtellwhetheraworkerisperformingwell,workinghard,ortootiredtodothejobproperly.Ongoingcomputeranalysiscouldtellwhetheraworker,suchasanairtrafficcontroller,isseeingalltheactivitytheyhavetomonitorclearlyenough.

PartIIFrankensteinfoodtofeedtheworld?

A.

Outline

I.PossiblefunctionsofGE

A.Torepairagenetic"defect"

B.Tomakeacharacteristicalreadynaturaltothatorganismevenbetter

C.Toimproveresistancetodiseaseoroutsidedamage

D.Tomaketheorganismdosomethingitwouldnotnormallydo

IIThepros

A.Reducingchemicalinputstotheland

B.Helpingtheenvironment

C.Increasingthepossibilityofgrowingcropsindifficultgeographicareas

D.Improvingnutritionalqualitiesoffood

III.Thecons

A.Upsettingthecomplexenvironmentalbalance

B.Creatingmanynewnon-reversibleecologicalproblems

C.Increasingthedominanceofmajorcorporations

D.Disadvantagingsmallfarmers

E.Causingdamagetothehumanimmunesystem

F.Causingcancer

Tapescript

YouwillbeawareofthecontroversyinEuropeandtheUnitedStatesoverfoodthathasbeengeneticallymodified.Butwhyshouldourscientistswanttodothis?

Well,geneticengineeringcouldbeusedtorepairagenetic"defect"aswiththecurrentscientifictrialsofgenetherapyinhumans;tomakeacharacteristicalreadynaturaltothatorganismevenbetter,forexample,toincreasethegrowthrateofacrop;toimproveresistancetodiseaseoroutsidedamage,forexample,cropdiseaseorresistancetocoldordrought;tomaketheorganismdosomethingitwouldnotnormallydo,forexample,gettingatomatotoripenwithoutgoingsoft--thiscanbedonesimplybytakingoneofitsowngenes,turningits"pattern"upsidedownandputtingitbackagain!

Itsoundslikeanamazingnewtechnology,butopinionsdiffergreatlyontheprosandconsofgeneticallyengineeredfood（GEfood）.

SupportersofGEfoodsaythatGEcropswillreducechemicalinputstotheland,helptheenvironment,increasethepossibilityofgrowingcropsindifficultgeographicareas;improvenutritionalqualitiesoffood.

OpponentsofGEfoodsaythatGEcropsmayupsetthecomplexenvironmentalbalance,createmanynewnon-reversibleecologicalproblems,increasethedominanceofmajorcorporationsanddisadvantagesmallfarmers,astheserichcorporationswillcontrolseedvarieties,attheworst,causedamagetothehumanimmunesystemandcausecancer.

Atthemoment,thereismuchcontroversysurroundingGEfood.

SomepeopleclaimGEfoodissafeforhumansandsafefortheenvironmentandwillbenefiteveryone.

Somesaytheysupportresearchint